Problems of Financing Development Management: A Kaleckian Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-476
Author(s):  
Saumya Chakrabarti ◽  
Pratip Kumar Datta
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Development Management ◽  
Jobless Growth ◽  
Basic Proposition ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Jel Classifications

Developing countries often suffer from problems of jobless growth and exclusion. In response, the governments of these countries implement a variety of development-management programs. However, we identify certain crucial macroeconomic inconsistencies that may arise from such initiatives. Given this, our basic proposition is that, while undertaking these programs, governments should consider the inherent demand- and (especially) supply-side capacities of the macroeconomy and the probable contradictions arising (chiefly) out of the supply constraints. Furthermore, governments should complement these development-management projects with other policy measures, so that such contradictions could at least be partially mitigated. Essentially, contrary to the misplaced orthodox opposition, we are proposing a Kaleckian critique of development management and simultaneously presenting some ways out. JEL Classifications: E11, J21, O11, O20, Q18

Food security in the 21st century and in the role of biotechnology

foresight ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 399-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Pinstrup‐Andersen ◽  
Marc J. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
The World ◽  
Productivity Gains ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Global Food

Although global food production has consistently kept pace with population growth, the gap between food production and demand in certain parts of the world is likely to remain. More than 800 million people in developing countries lack access to a minimally adequate diet. Continued productivity gains are essential on the supply side, because global population will increase by 73 million people a year over the next two decades. In this article we assess the current global food situation, look at the prospects through to the year 2020, and outline the policies needed to achieve food security for all. Emphasis is on the role that agricultural biotechnology might play in reaching this goal.

Impact of a poignant pandemic COVID-19 on Indian Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krati Sethi ◽  
Manas Roy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Growth Path ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Consumption Demand

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused due to a “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus -2 virus” (SARS-COV-2). People who fall ill will experience mild to moderate fever and will retrieve without any special treatment. This pandemic was first seen at Wuhan, China in December 2019. After seen it’s dreadfulness it was declared as a “public health emergency of international concern” (World Health Organization, WHO). As on 1 May 2020 more than 35000 cases have been reported in India resulting in more than 1147 deaths in India till date. It has also led severe socio-economic global disruption. Presently significant slowdown is experienced by Indian economy over the past few quarters.To rectify sluggish consumption demand and investment a numeral of incentive measures has been taken to retrieve the economy towards prosperity. The last quarter of the current fiscal exhibits robust prospect of improvement. However, the new COVID-19 epidemic has contrived the recovery exceptionally arduous in the near to middle terms. The pandemic has thrown new threats for the Indian economy from demand as well as from the supply side. This study is descriptive. The objective of the current study is to find out the impacts of the outbreak of COVID-19 on different sectors of our country. In conclusion, this study suggests policy measures to safeguard the Indian economy from the outbreak of it and bring it back on the growth path.

scholarly journals Employment Intensity of Economic Growth: Evidence from Nepal

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
Madhav Prasad Dahal ◽  
Hemant Rai
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Jobless Growth ◽  
Review Period ◽  
Intensive Growth

 Economic growth and employment are taken as the top twin objectives of macroeconomic policy agenda in both developed and developing countries. Economic growth brings changes in employment growth. In general, during time of the growth of gross domestic product (GDP) increasing employment opportunities are created while unemployment will be rising during economic deceleration. This paper examines employment intensity of growth in (i) the economy of Nepal in totality, (ii) three broad economic sectors, and (iii) different sub-sectors of the economy over the period 1998-2018. Empirical result indicates labor-intensive growth in Nepal over the review period. There is no indication of jobless growth.

Economic Impacts of the Pandemic on the Tourism of the Developing World

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-154
Author(s):  
Ayca Sarialioglu Hayali ◽  
Cabir Celik
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Per Capita

The COVID-19 pandemic crisis of 2020 with its policy measures and economic impacts has negatively affected the tourism industry, which is regarded as the most negatively affected one due to the nature of the sector, both directly and indirectly. In other words, through its policy measures such as restrictions on travel, it has affected the tourism sector directly, and through its economic impacts such as decreasing GDP per capita and hence total demand, it has influenced the tourism sector indirectly. In this regard, the aim of this study is to empirically investigate the economic impacts of the pandemic on tourism of the developing world for the case of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis of 2020. This is done by a panel data analysis including 38 developing countries for the nine months of 2020, January-September, the ongoing era of pandemic crisis of 2020 considering the available data. The findings support the main hypothesis of the study.

Drivers of EV Charging Infrastructure Entrepreneurship in India

2022 ◽  
pp. 208-219
Author(s):  
Mohd Yasir Arafat ◽  
Imran Saleem ◽  
Thoudam Prabha Devi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Entrepreneurship Policy ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Personal Attitude ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Ev Charging

The existing research advocating entrepreneurship as an important way to increase the uptake of electric vehicles (EVs) in developing countries and EV charging business is also playing a crucial role in increasing the adoption of EVs. EV charging is important for EV adoption, and entrepreneurship is also important for EV adoption; therefore, it is important that we must understand what mobilizes or prevents EV charging entrepreneurship. This chapter aimed at explaining drivers of EV charging entrepreneurship. A survey of 121 potential entrepreneurs shows that personal attitude, self-confidence, and opportunity perceptions shape the decision to engage in EV charging entrepreneurship. Policy measures to boost EV charging entrepreneurship have been suggested.

Trade and Industrial Policy for Development

2016 ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Thoburn
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Washington Consensus ◽  
World War ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second World

This chapter looks at policies for industrialization in developing countries, considering changes that have taken place since the Second World War, including the rise and subsequent demise of the so-called Washington Consensus approach. It discusses import substituting industrialization, export development, trade liberalization and the impact of post-2000 new WTO rules on trade-related policy measures. It shows how the East Asian model of substantial government intervention in the economy has been followed by a number of successful countries, not just Japan, Korea and Taiwan, but also China and Vietnam.

A New Theory of Demand-Restricted Growth: The Basic Idea

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-27
Author(s):  
Thomas Gries
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Growth Path ◽  
Equilibrium Concept ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Growth Restrictions ◽  
Jel Classifications ◽  
Stationary Behavior

In mainstream theory, growth is explained fully by elements of the supply side. In this article, we depart from neoclassical mechanisms and suggest a hybrid approach that allows for growth restrictions induced by demand-side elements. We obtain such demand-restricted growth by suggesting an unconventional equilibrium concept in a stochastic environment. We define macroeconomic equilibrium as stationary no-expectation-error equilibrium. This equilibrium concept relates to the Nash idea of individual stationary behavior as long as expectations prove to be realized. No rigidities are introduced. Even if potential growth is generated by technical change and capital accumulation, the growth path is restricted by effective earnings and can be stable below the neoclassical path of potential growth. However, the growth process mutates to the neoclassical process if effective earnings and potential earnings equalize. Therefore, our hybrid model could help to bridge a gap between Keynesian and neoclassical ideas of economic growth. JEL Classifications: E12, E13, O40, E60

scholarly journals Policies for promoting diaspora investment in countries of origin

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-116
Author(s):  
Sanja Franc ◽  
Marina Perić Kasel ◽  
Ivona Škreblin Kirbiš
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
National Development ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Financial Capital ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Transnational Entrepreneurship ◽  
Diaspora Engagement

Investments from the diaspora and transnational entrepreneurship represent significant areas for potential contribution to national development. Due to the fact that diaspora members have the ability to connect with a wide range of potential partners and supporters in both their countries of origin and countries of residence, and thus create opportunities for investment, trade and outsourcing, developing countries which seek human and financial capital should put more focus on facilitation and promotion measures for collaboration with the diaspora. The main aim of this paper is to define and discuss most commonly used policy measures for promoting diaspora investments and transnational entrepreneurship in developing countries and giving recommendations for diaspora engagement. The analysis indicates that policy measures and the degree to which countries have begun to engage their diaspora vary, while most of them still miss an adequate institutional framework for promoting transnational networks which can be an important channel for fostering business development, job creation and innovation.

scholarly journals On the Evolution of Trade and Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards: The Role of Trade Agreements

Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Santeramo ◽  
Valentina Guerrieri ◽  
Emilia Lamonaca
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Design ◽  
Aggregate Level ◽  
Joint Influence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Trade Measures

Trade agreements and trade measures are policy instruments thought to favour trade by providing a degree of harmonisation among members. We analyse how the agri-food trade and the incidence of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards (SPSs) have evolved within countries sharing agreements. We examine, through a regression discontinuity design, whether the approval of agreements affects the evolution of trade and SPSs over time, and quantify the trade effects of SPSs. We also provide differences before and after the introduction of agreements, and among the most regulated agri-food products. Findings show that trade agreements tend to favour the increase of trade and the reduction of policy measures between members. However, regulation inequalities exist across trade agreements covering different geo-economic areas: after the approval of agreements, the existence and the importance of SPSs become relevant among developing countries, whereas the pervasiveness of SPSs becomes less stringent between developed and developing countries. Our analyses also prove that trade agreements and trade measures are trade-enhancing only at aggregate level: product-specific analyses show that cereal is the only sector that benefits from the joint influence of trade agreements and SPSs. The harmonisation of SPSs within agreements may be determinant in avoiding distortions in favour of members.

scholarly journals Influencing Efficiency of Tax Relief on the Capital Market: An Empirical Study of China Supply-Side Reform

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3012
Author(s):  
Changjun Jiang ◽  
Sanggyun Na ◽  
Fengting Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Capital Market ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Institutional Innovation ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Monetary Policies ◽  
Tax Relief ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
The Capital Market

One of the primary tasks of supply-side reform is to promote the reform of fiscal and taxation systems. It is an important part of institutional innovation to coordinate fiscal and other reforms. From the perspective of the supply side, this paper discusses whether the adjustment of fiscal and monetary policies will have a positive impact on China’s capital market and economic growth. In this paper, a windows-EBM model is constructed to test the panel data of major economies between 2008 and 2016, discuss their impact on the efficiency of the capital market, and to make a comparative analysis on the strategies to improve the vitality of China’s capital market. We find that the impact of China’s macro policies on capital market efficiency during 2008-2016 shows a huge potential space for adjusting fiscal and monetary policies, because these input factors are obviously interchangeable in China’s supply-side reform. This is in line with the expected direction of China’s supply-side reform. This paper reveals the positive effect of supply-side reform on capital activity. Tax cuts and monetary policy measures are needed to balance capital markets and to ensure their active and sustainable development.

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