Ultrastructural effects of lead acetate on brain of rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 419-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engin Deveci
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Brain

Lead is a metal that has been implicated in toxic processes, which affect several organ systems in humans and other animals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ultrastructural effects of lead on the brain of rats.Wistar Albino rats (180-200 g body weight) were divided into a controlled and lead acetate-exposed group. Rats received lead acetate at 500 ppm in their drinking water for 60 days. Both groups were fed with the same standard food, but lead acetate was added to the drinking water. During the experimental period, blood samples were drawn from the abdominal aorta of the anesthetised animals. At the end of exposure, body weight and blood lead levels were measured. The brain tissue samples were preapared and analysed by light and transmission electron microscopy. In the brain cortex, degeneration in some of the neuron cells, in the lumens of the blood vessels, dilation, hemorhagia and free floating erytrocytes were observed. Ultrastructural changes were revealed in the form of vacularisation of cell cytoplasm and degeneration in mitochondria, in the perinuclear cytoplasm, electron-dense inclusion bodies were detected, and dilation were in the endopasmic reticulum. Toxicology and Industrial Health 2006; 22: 419-422.

scholarly journals Ameliorative Effect of Administering Avocado (Persea americana) Leaf Extract on Lead Acetate Toxicity in the Brain-cerebellum of Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Ubi Essien Isaac
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
The Brain

Aim: To investigate whether the aqueous extract of avocado leaves can be used in alternative medicine for the remediation or treatment of lead poisoning in the brain. Study Design: Pure Experiment, using animal models. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria; between January 2019 and June 2019. Methodology: Twenty albino Wistar rats including both male and female, and weighing around 155 g were randomly assigned to four groups (designated as A,B,C and D), with each group consisting of five animals. While group A served as the control, group B was administered a daily dose of 500 mg/kg body weight of avocado leaf extract, group C received 150 mg/kg body weight per day of lead acetate, and group D was given 150 mg/kg body weight per day of lead acetate and immediately followed with 500 mg/kg body weight/day of the avocado leaf extract. Treatments were given once daily through the oral route using a syringe with attached micropipette tube for 15 days, while the animals had access to water and chow ad libitum. The rats were euthanized on the 16th day by cervical dislocation and the cranial cavity was carefully exposed in order to dissect the brain and to obtain tissue samples from the cerebellum, which were then prepared for microscopic examination using routine histological techniques, with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains. Results: The findings showed the extract to be ameliorative by reducing histomorphological distortions of lead acetate toxicity in the brain, and thus caused moderate regeneration of the cerebellar tissue. Conclusion: The outcome of this research therefore indicates that the avocado leaf extract has medicinal potentials and could serve as an herbal remedy in the alternative treatment of lead poisoning.

scholarly journals The effect of lead acetate administration to the uterine malondialdehyde level and endometrial thickness in albino rats (Rattus novergicus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Novita S.E. Diantini ◽  
Setyawati Soeharto ◽  
I W.A. Wiyasa
Keyword(s):  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

Background: Indonesian seawater has been found to contain a high level of lead acetate and tends to become toxic. The previous study suggested lead acetate exposure could be harmful to many organs including the brain, liver, heart, as well as the reproductive system. This study aimed to analyze the effect of lead acetate on both the uterine level of malondialdehyde (MDA) level and endometrial thickness in female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus).Methods: Twenty-four rats were divided into 4 groups: 1 control group, and 3 treatment groups that were given lead acetate at 30, 100, and 300 ppm p.o./day for 30 days, consecutively. Rats were sacrificed; the uterus was isolated and processed for both MDA level measurements (using TBARS and a spectrophotometer) and histopathology using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.Results: There was no significant difference in mean MDA level between the control and lead acetate administration groups. There was a reduction in endometrial thickness from 352.6±81.88 µm in the control group to 323.5±90.67 µm; 313.6±40.30 µm; 303.4±62.75 µm in 30, 100, and 300 ppm, respectively. Consequently, spacious uterus was observed reflects the endometrial damage, including the decrease in the size of the epithelium, columnar, stroma, and lumen in the whole part of the uterus and these differences in uterine thickening was considered statistically significant (p=0.005).Conclusion: Lead acetate could reduce the thickness of the endometrium but had no effect on the level of MDA in the uterus.

scholarly journals Effect of lead acetate alone and in combination with whole milk (Star ship®) on body growth and liver functions in an experimentally induced lead toxicity in rat

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Usman Gani ◽  
Md Saiful Islam Siddiqui ◽  
Md Harun Or Rashid ◽  
Kamrul Islam ◽  
Sharifunnessa Moonmoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Liver Functions ◽  
Group B

The Effect of lead acetate alone and in combination with whole milk on body weight gain and some biochemical parameters were carried out on a total of 15 (15 days old) male weaning Long- Evans strain rats. The rats were randomly divided into three equal groups, each consisting of five rats. Rats of group A were kept as control (without giving any treatment), group B received lead acetate alone @ 6mg/ml drinking water and group C received lead acetate @ 6mg/ml plus whole milk (Star ship®) 150 mg/ml drinking water. The result showed that body weight gain of control group per week per rat was found to increase but in treated group B, the body weight gain was found to decrease most significantly (P< 0.01) on day 56 while in group C, body weight was reduced significantly (P< 0.05) on day 56. The reducing body weight gain was less in group C than group B. A most significantly (P< 0.01) increased SGOT and SGPT values were observed in Group B but in group C, those count increased significantly (P< 0.05) on day 56 of experiment. From the study it was concluded that treatment with lead acetate at low doses has adverse effects on body growth and liver functions in experimental animals.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2016, 2(2): 183-189

scholarly journals Effects of Dicalcium Phosphate (DCP) and Vitamin E on Growth Performance and Hemato-Biochemical Parameters in Broilers

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. p104
Author(s):  
Tairan Ikbal ◽  
Sumitra Saha
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Vitamin E Supplementation ◽  
Blood Profiles

This study was conducted to assess the effect of DCP and vitamin E supplementation on body weight, hematological- (TEC, Hb content, PCV and ESR) and biochemical (AST and ALT) parameters of “Cobb 500” broiler. A total of 20 chicks (14 days old) were reared and randomly divided into four equal groups (n=5). Body weight was measured at each 7 days interval up to the end of the 35 days of experimental period.  Group A was considered as control, fed with commercial ration. Group B, C and D were treated with 1 gm DCP per kg feed, 1 ml vitamin E per litre of drinking water, and 1 gm DCP per kg feed plus 1 ml vitamin E per litre of drinking water with commercial ration, respectively from day 14 to day 35. It was observed that DCP and vitamin E supplementation significantly (p<0.01) increased body weight. Moreover, TEC and Hb content increased significantly (p<0.01) in the treated groups as compared to control. Besides, ESR, AST and ALT values decreased significantly (p<0.01) in the treated groups. Therefore, it may be concluded that DCP and vitamin E could be used to improve body weight gain and blood profiles without any detrimental effect to liver and muscle on broilers.

scholarly journals Toxicopathological effects of lead acetate on the brain of male mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (0E) ◽  
pp. 340-346
Author(s):  
Bassim M. Jwad
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
The Brain

The aim of the present study is to determine the influence of different doses of lead acetate on the central nerves system. 25 Swiss strain white mice were used, each weighing about 30 –32 g, divided into three groups, first group (n=10) treated with 0.5 ml. contain 150 mg/kg/body weight lead acetate via stomach tube daily for 40 days, second group (n=10) treated with 0.5 ml. contain 300 mg/kg/body weight lead acetate via stomach tube daily for 40 days. While the third group (n=5) served as control and were given mammalian physiological saline. Clinical signs were reported during the course of the study, then at day 40 post treatment , all animal were sacrificed and post mortem examination was done and any gross lesions were reported, then the pieces of brain was fixed in 10% formalin for 72 hours .The pathological results showed congestion of cerebellum and cerebrum of both treated group but the 2nd group was more sensitive. Histopathological examination of 1st group expressed moderate pathological lesions, characterized by extracellular edema around neuron cells and Virchow Robbin space , as well as proliferation of astrocyets in the white matter , also central chromatolysis of neurons and Nissle granules with homogenous pink their cytoplasm in 1st G. while in 2nd G the main lesions characterized by severe congestion of blood vessels with inflammatory cells infiltration in the lumen of arachnoids' space and brain parenchyma as well as hemorrhage with aggregation of microglia in the wall of blood vessels which characterized by round shape and clear cytoplasm (microgliosis). Also severe neuron degeneration, with Alzheimer's type-II astrocyets are reported in other animals characterized by pairs observed surrounded by clear space. And there is no clear pathological lesion in control group.In conclusion the present study investigated that the lead acetate affected on the brain tissue, and the degree of influence depended on the concentration of the toxic dose.

scholarly journals Annona Muricata protects against cadmium-mediated oxidative damage in the brain and liver of rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-260
Author(s):  
Johnson Oladele ◽  
Omowumi Adewale ◽  
Olu Oyewole ◽  
Mistura Salami ◽  
Ganiyat Owoade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Hepatic Damage ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Serum Total Bilirubin ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
The Brain

This present research work was designed to investigate the potential chemopreventive effects of Annona Muricata on cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative neuronal damage in Wistar albino rats. In this study, twenty-eight (28) Wistar albino rats were randomized into four groups, with seven rats each. Group A served as the control and provided distilled water orally. Groups B, C and D were exposed to 5 mg/kg body weight cadmium chloride orally, while in Groups C and D 200 and 500 mg/kg body weight of ethanolic seed extract of Annona Muricata were administered, respectively, via oral administration, while group B was left untreated for 14 days. Cadmium induced hepatic damage with significant (p < 0.05) elevation of serum total bilirubin, total protein, AST and ALT. Cadmium also caused oxidative neuronal and hepatic damage in rats with significant decrease in ascorbic acid level, GSH, GPx, CAT and SOD activities in the tissues. Lipid peroxidation (MDA level) was significantly increased in rats treated with cadmium alone. Histological findings reveal distortion in brain architecture with intense inflammatory cells especially seen between the grey and white matter. Liver histology reveal chronic inflammation and infiltration of the hepatic cells. However, administration of ethanolic seed extract of Annona Muricata significantly reverse all the toxic effects of cadmium in the brain and liver, suggesting its hepatoprotective effects and therapeutic importance in neurodegenerative disorders.

scholarly journals Sunset Yellow and Allura Red modulate Bcl2 and COX2 expression levels and confer oxidative stress-mediated renal and hepatic toxicity in male rats

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latifa I. Khayyat ◽  
Amina E. Essawy ◽  
Jehan M. Sorour ◽  
Ahmed Soffar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Genotoxic Effect ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Sunset Yellow ◽  
Allura Red ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Cox2 Expression

Studies on the adverse health effects caused by azo dyes are insufficient and quite contradictory. This work aims to investigate the possible toxic effect of two types of widely used food additives, Sunset Yellow and Allura Red, by assessing the physiological, histopathological and ultrastructural changes in the liver and kidney. Also, we investigated the genotoxic effect of both dyes on white blood cells. Thirty adult male albino rats were divided into three groups of 10 animals each: control (received water), Sunset Yellow-treated (2.5 mg/kg body weight) and Allura Red-treated (seven mg/kg body weight). The doses were orally applied for 4 weeks. Our results indicated an increase in the biochemical markers of hepatic and renal function (Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, uric acid and creatinine) in animals administered with the azo dyes. We also observed a noticeable increase in MDA and a marked decrease in total antioxidant levels in azo dye-treated animals compared to controls. Conversely, both dyes adversely affected the liver and kidney of albino rats and altered their histological and fine structure, with downregulation of Bcl2 and upregulation of COX2 expression. Our comet assay results showed a significant elevation in the fold change of tail moment in response to application of Sunset Yellow but not Allura Red. Collectively, we show that Sunset Yellow and Allura Red cause histopathological and physiological aberrations in the liver and kidney of male Wistar albino rats. Moreover, Sunset Yellow but not Allura Red induces a potential genotoxic effect.

scholarly journals Effect of enzyme and vitamin supplementation on physio-biochemical parameters in broiler chickens

1970 ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ahmed ◽  
MB Rashid ◽  
NS Lucky ◽  
N Ahmad ◽  
M Myenuddin
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Vitamin Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group D

The present research was carried out on broilers to study the effect of oral administration of enzymes and vitamins on growth, haematological parameters and biochemical parameters in the Department of Physiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University for the period of 21 days from 15th January to 5th February 2007. A total of 20 broiler birds of 20 day old were divided into four equal groups as A, B, C and D. Group A was maintained as control and was fed only with commercial broiler ration through out the experimental period.  Group B was treated with enzymes @ 1 gm per litre of drinking water, group C was treated with vitamins @ 0.5 gm per litre of drinking water and group D was treated with enzymes and vitamins combinedly at the rate of above mentioned dose. Body weight was recorded at 7 days interval up to the end of the 21 days of experimental period and the birds were sacrificed on the final day of experiment to collect blood sample for haematological (TEC, Hb, PCV and ESR) and biochemical study (SGOT and SGPT). Body weight was increased significantly (p <  0.01) in all the treated groups compared with the control group and highest was recorded in group D. TEC, PCV and Hb content increased significantly (p < 0.01) in the treated groups as compared to that of control group but ESR, SGOT and SGPT values decreased significantly (p < 0.01) in all the treated groups as compared to that of control group. The result reveals that use of enzymes and vitamins is an effective way of getting best result in terms of body weight gain and haemato-biochemical profiles in broiler birds. Key words: Broiler, enzyme, vitamin, body weight, haemato-biochemical parametersDOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v5i1.1311 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2007). 5 (1 & 2): 55-58

scholarly journals Hepatotoxicity and biochemical evaluation of a novel breakfast food produced from the blend of fonio (Digitaria iburua Stapf) and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh) in albino rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace O. Babarinde ◽  
Akos A. Ebun ◽  
Peter I. Adegbola
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Breakfast Food ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Abstract Background The production of novel foods from underutilized nutritious tropical crops is increasing; however, the toxicological studies are sparse. In this study, the safety of the breakfast food produced from the blend of fonio and pigeon pea was examined by evaluating the biochemical and toxicological parameters of the breakfast food using Wistar albino rats. Twenty male Wistar albino rats subdivided into 4 groups of 5 were separately fed with four food samples (100% fonio, 80:20 fonio:pigeon pea, standard rat feed (control) and a commercial brand of corn flake) for 28 days after which the animals were sacrificed and blood samples collected for analyses. Body weight, blood glucose, biochemical, and hematological parameters were examined during the experimental period. Results The feeding of rats with the four diets did not cause mortality and adverse toxicity during the experimental period. Steady body weight gain was observed in fonio-pigeon pea fed rats, and slight changes were obtained in percentage blood glucose. There was no significant difference in the levels of white blood cells, lymphocytes, mean corpuscular volume, platelet, high-density lipoprotein, catalase, SOD, and malondialdehyde of the group fed with fonio-pigeon pea diet as compared with the control group. Furthermore, significant (p < 0.05) lower levels of density lipoprotein, triacylglyceride, and cholesterol were observed in the fonio-pigeon pea-fed rats than the control group. The liver function marker of fonio-pigeon pea-fed-rat and the control showed no significant difference. Conclusion The study showed no severe toxicity in the test animals, although a mild loss of liver parenchyma and variation in size and shape of nuclei were observed in the group fed with the fonio-pigeon pea diet.

scholarly journals Original Article. Toxic effect of sodium fluoride on hydroxyproline level and expression of collagen-1 gene in rat bone and its amelioration by Tamrindus indica L. fruit pulp extract

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Raj Gupta ◽  
Sahadeb Dey ◽  
Mohini Saini ◽  
Devendra Swarup
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Collagen Gene ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Rat Bone

Abstract Excessive fluoride intoxication plays an important role in the development of dental, skeletal and non-skeletal fluorosis. The aim of this study was to ascertain the toxic effect of excessive fluoride ingestion on the level of hydroxyproline and expression of type 1 collagen gene in rat bone and its amelioration by supplementation with Tamarindus indica fruit pulp extract. Forty albino rats were randomly assigned to four groups. The first group served as control and received only tap water. The second group received sodium fluoride (200 ppm) through drinking water. The third group received T. indica fruit pulp extract (200 mg/kg body weight) alone and the fourth group received the T. indica fruit pulp extract (200 mg/kg body weight) along with fluorinated drinking water (200 ppm) daily by gavage for a period of 90 days. The level of hydroxyproline and expression of type 1 collagen gene using quantitative real time PCR in the tibia bone decreased significantly with continuous exposure to sodium fluoride. Co-administration of T. indica fruit pulp extract during exposure to fluoride through drinking water restored the level of calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase in serum and the concentration of hydroxyproline in urine. It increased the level of hydroxyproline and expression of type 1 collagen gene in the tibia as compared to untreated fluoride-exposed rats. It is concluded that T. indica fruit pulp extract has an ameliorative potential to protect the bone from fluoride induced collagen damage.

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