Associations Between Sexual Violence and Women’s Sexual Attitudes, Sexual Self-Consciousness, and Sexual Self-Efficacy

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626051989733
Author(s):  
Hacer Alan Dikmen ◽  
Seyhan Cankaya
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Sexuality Education ◽  
Sexual Attitudes ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Sexual Attitude ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Significant Difference

Sexual violence, a public health problem, can be seen in all societies and among individuals from all levels of educational background. It is important to be aware of the social and individual factors associated with sexual violence to prevent and fight sexual violence. In this study, it was aimed to determine the associations between sexual violence and women’s sexual attitudes, sexual self-consciousness, and sexual self-efficacy. This is a descriptive study. The data were collected from 469 women admitted to three family health centers in Turkey between May and September 2018. Data were collected using a data collection form and three scales (the Sexual Self-Consciousness Scale, the Sexual Self-efficacy Scale, and the Hendrick Brief Sexual Attitudes Scale). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as the independent-sample t test and logistic regression analysis. It was found that 37.7% of the women were exposed to sexual violence. The most frequent response of the women against sexual violence was “crying” with 61%. The first reason why the women maintained the marriage despite sexual violence was to avoid their children growing up without a father (43.3%). There was a statistically significant difference between sexual violence and sexual embarrassment, sexual self-focus, sexual self-consciousness, and sexual self-efficacy scores of the women ( p < .001). No significant difference between the means of the women’s sexual attitude scores and their sexual violence experiences was observed ( p = .526). There was an association between sexual violence and sexual self-efficacy ( p = .036; odds ratio [OR] = 1.030, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.002, 1.059]). Health professionals may provide sexuality education programs at family health centers, especially for couples preparing for marriage to increase sexual efficacy. Moreover, education may be provided identifying sexual violence acts in marriage and informative awareness programs may be offered regarding sexual violence.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PEER EDUCATION MODEL ON KNOWLEDGE AND SELF-EFFICACY OF CHILDREN IN THE PREVENTION OF PHYSICAL SEXUAL VIOLENCE

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rufaida Nur Fitriana ◽  
Chriswardani Suryawati ◽  
Zubaidah Zubaidah
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
School Children ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Peer Education ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The rate of incidence of physical assault on school children increases from year to year. Efforts to prevent child sexual violence can be done through school-based education with student empowerment.Objective: To identify the effect of education by peers on the knowledge and self-efficacy of primary school children in preventing sexual violence in Grabag Sub-district, Magelang regency.Methods: This study was a quasi experimental study with pretest and posttest non-equivalent control groups. A total of 84 school-aged children were purposively recruited from two different primary schools. Each group consisted of 42 respondents. Children's Knowledge of Abuse Questionnaire-Revised III (CKAQ-RIII) instrument was used to measure knowledge and self-efficacy questionnaire was measured for self-efficacy. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon and Chi-square testResults: The study showed that a statistically significant difference both in the variables of knowledge (P=0.008) and self-efficacy (p=0.000) in the intervention group after given peer education treatment.Conclusion: Educational interventions by peers can improve the knowledge and self-efficacy of primary school-aged children in preventing sexual violence. Peer education can be used as an effort to prevent sexual violence in children through school empowerment programs. 

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude, and Self Efficacy of Parents In Providing Education To Prevent Child Sexual Violence In Pontianak City, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 459-464
Author(s):  
Linda Suwarni ◽  
Huzaid Shauma Zifadlin ◽  
Selviana Selviana ◽  
Vidyastuti Vidyastuti ◽  
Widya Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Sexuality Education ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sexual Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Knowledge ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Violence Against Children

Providing sexuality education to children is one of the primary preventions for preventing sexual violence in children. Parents' knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy can affect the provision of this education. The purpose of this study was to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy of parents in providing sexual education to prevent sexual violence in children. This research is quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. The number of samples in this study was 396 parents who have children aged 12-17 years by purposive sampling. Univariate descriptive analysis was used. This study indicates that 56.3% of parents who have poor knowledge about preventing sexual violence are not supportive attitudes (52.5%), and 50.0% have low self-efficacy in preventing sexual violence in children. In addition, 71.5% of parents understand sexual violence against children in the form of rape and obscenity, and 33.1% still consider it taboo in providing education to prevent sexual violence in children. It is necessary to increase parents' knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy in providing education on preventing sexual violence in children as the primary prevention of sexual violence in children.

scholarly journals Investigation of pre-service teachers’ critical reading self-efficacy

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1015-1025
Author(s):  
Hacer Ulu ◽  
Ayşegül Avşar Tuncay
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right

Critical thinking has become an important skill in today’s intensive information flow. Because individuals need to reach the right source by evaluating the information. The development of critical thinking requires the acquisition of critical reading skills. Critical reading is the reading of individuals by questioning and evaluating text. In this research, critical reading self-efficacy of pre-service teachers were examined in terms of variables of gender, grade level, the department studied, mothers’ educational background, fathers’ education background and daily internet usage time. The sample of the current research was composed of 345 pre-service teachers. The data collection process, Critical Reading Self-Efficacy Perception Scale was used. To analyze data, Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis H-tests were used. As a result of Mann Whitney U-test, a significant difference was defined in critical reading self-efficacy according to the department studied. As a result of Kruskal Wallis H-test a significant difference was defined in critical reading self-efficacy and questioning, inference, analysis and evaluation sub-dimensions according to mothers’ educational background, and in critical reading self-efficacy and finding similarities and awareness sub-dimension according to daily internet usage time.

The Sexual Attitudes of Iranian Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholamreza Rajabi ◽  
Ghodrat all Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Attitudes ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sexual Attitude ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Premarital Sexual ◽  
Iranian Students

Background: Sexual attitudes are a central concept in the study of sexuality and may largely influence the decision-making of the youth to engage in premarital sexual relations. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the sexual attitudes (permissive/conservative) of Iranian students. Methods: This study was conducted on 280 students (170 females and 110 males) who were selected via multistage random sampling from the students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in Ahvaz, Iran. Data were collected using the short-form sexual attitude scale. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 22 using the factorial analysis of variance. Results: A significant difference was observed between the male and female students in terms of sexual attitudes as the sexual attitude of the female students was conservative, while the sexual attitude of the male students was permissive. In addition, sexual attitudes differed significantly between age groups as the students aged 18 - 22 years had conservative sexual attitudes, while those aged 23 - 26 years had permissive sexual attitudes. Conclusion: The results of this survey could guide psychologists and counselors in helping students with the issues regarding premarital sex and the prevention of high-risk sexual behaviors.

Self-Efficacy Perceptions of Social Studies Teachers about Measurement and Evaluation in Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Feyzullah Ezer ◽  
Ülkü Ulukaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
The Self ◽  
Social Studies Teachers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Faculty Of Education ◽  
Measurement And Evaluation

The study aims to determine the self-efficacy perceptions of social studies teachers about measurement and evaluation in education. In the research using quantitative research models, descriptive survey model was used. Study group of the research is composed of 122 social studies teachers in Kucukcekmece district of Istanbul province in 2018-2019 academic years. Data collection tool of this study is “The Self-efficacy Perception Scale of the Teacher Candidates based on Measurement and Evaluation in Education” developed by Kılınç (2011). The difference between the self-efficacy levels of the participants about measurement and evaluation and the gender variable was examined. The findings revealed that self-efficacy perceptions of the male participants about measurement and evaluation were higher than those of the female participants. In addition to this, the difference between the self-efficacy levels of the participants about measurement and evaluation and their educational background was also examined. The research findings demonstrated that there is not any significant difference between the self-efficacy levels of the participants about measurement and evaluation and their educational background. Another finding obtained as a result of the study revealed that self-efficacy perceptions of the History and Geography graduates of the universities’ Faculty of Arts and Sciences about measurement and evaluation in education are at a lower level than the Faculty of Education Social studies teaching graduates. Finally, the finding that self-efficacy levels of the participants about measurement and evaluation showed a significant difference according to their professional seniority is obtained.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Sexuality Education as a Primary Prevention Strategy for Sexual Violence Perpetration

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeline Schneider ◽  
Jennifer S. Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Sexuality Education ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Comprehensive Sexuality Education ◽  
K 12 ◽  
The Impact

Sexual violence (SV) represents a serious public health problem with high rates and numerous health consequences. Current primary prevention strategies to reduce SV perpetration have been shown to be largely ineffective—not surprisingly, since as others have pointed out current prevention largely fails to draw on existing knowledge about the characteristics of effective prevention. In this article, we examine the potential of K–12 comprehensive sexuality education (CSE), guided by the National Sexuality Education Standards (NSES), to be an effective strategy. Our discussion uses socioecological and feminist theories as a guide, examines the extent to which NSES-guided CSE could both meet the qualities of effective prevention programs and mitigate the risk factors that are most implicated in perpetration behavior, and considers the potential limitations of this approach. We suggest that sequential, K–12 program has potential to prevent the emergence of risk factors associated with SV perpetration by starting prevention early on in the life course. CSE has not yet been evaluated with SV perpetration behavior as an outcome, and this article synthesizes what is known about drivers of SV perpetration and the potential impacts of CSE to argue for the importance of future research in this area. The primary recommendation is for longitudinal research to examine the impact of CSE on SV perpetration as well as on other sexual and reproductive health outcomes.

scholarly journals Assessment of sexual attitude and self-consciousness situations of midwifery studentsEbelik bölümü öğrencilerinin cinsel tutum ve öz-bilinç durumlarının değerlendirilmesi

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rüveyde Can ◽  
Yasemin Erkal Aksoy ◽  
Sema Dereli Yılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Birth Control ◽  
Sexual Attitudes ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Subscale Score ◽  
Sexual Attitude ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Premarital Sexuality

This study was designed to assess students' sexual attitudes and self-consciousness. This descriptive study was conducted by reaching 330 students who agreed to participate in the research and being educated at the midwifery department of Health Sciences Faculty of  Selçuk University between May 1 and June 15, 2017. "Personal Information Form", "Hendrick Sexual Attitude Scale" (HSAS) and Sexual Self Consciousness Scale (SSCS) were used as data collection in the research. Consent was taken from the institution to conduct the research. The average age of the students participating in the study is 20.93±1.78, 97.3% is single, 60% is living in the dormitory and 30.6% is living with the family. 79.7% of the student’s level of monthly income was moderate and 84.5% is above the general grade average. Of those who reported that premarital sexuality was unacceptable (89.1%), 62.7% were considered it sinful and 13% were considered to be second-hand by their boyfriend. 94.5% of the students had no sexual experience. 3.6% of students with sexual experience (5.5%) were used condom. It was determined that 73.3% of the students got information about sex, and the information source was lectures (58.2%).  The mean approving subscale score of the students was 42.32±7.05, the birth control subscale score was 12.8±3.92, the sharing subscale score was 14.92±4.48 and the instrumentality subscale score was 15.69±4.16. The mean SSCS score of the students was 29.98±7.76, and the mean score of sexual shyness subscale was 14.54±5.05 and the score of sexual self-conscious subscale was 15.43±4.13. There was a statistically significant difference in the admissibility of premarital sexuality and in the confirmatory subscale of HSAS, the sexual shyness subscale of SSCS (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the students who take information about sexuality and SSCS and subscales (p<0.05) in all subscales other than the birth control subscale of HSAS and SSCS and subscales. As a result, there was a difference in sexual attitudes and sexual self-consciousness among the midwifery students who did not accept premarital sex. It seems that there is a need for more comprehensive and in-depth analysis of pre-marital sexuality views of university students and more extensive work to bring out regional differences. Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetBu çalışma öğrencilerin cinsel tutum ve öz-bilinç durumlarının değerlendirilmesi için planlanmıştır. Tanımlayıcı tipte olan bu çalışma,  1 Mayıs- 15 Haziran 2017 tarihleri arasında Selçuk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi ebelik bölümünde öğrenim gören ve araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 330 öğrenciye ulaşılarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak, “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, “Hendrick Cinsel Tutum Ölçeği” (HCTÖ) ve Cinsel Öz Bilinç Ölçeği (CÖBÖ) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın yapılabilmesi için kurumdan izin almıştır. Çalışmaya katılan öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması 20.93±1.78, %97.3’ü bekar olup, %60’ı yurtta %30.6’sı ailesi ile birlikte yaşamaktadır. Öğrencilerin %79.7’sinin aylık geliri orta seviyede olup, %84.5’inin genel not ortalaması ikinin üzerindedir. Evlilik öncesi cinselliğin kabul edilebilir olmadığını bildirenlerin (%89.1), %62.7’si günah olduğu, %13’ü ise sevgili tarafından kullanılmış olma hissi verdiği için kabul edilebilir bulmamıştır. Öğrencilerin %94.5’sinin cinsel deneyimi olmamıştır. Cinsel deneyimi olan (%5.5) öğrencilerin %3.6’sı kondom ile korunmuştur. Öğrencilerin %73.3’ünün cinsellikle ilgili bilgi aldığı, bilgi kaynağının dersler (%58.2) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin HCTÖ onaylayıcılık alt boyut puan ortalaması 42.32±7.05, doğum kontrolü alt boyut puan ortalaması 12.83±3.92, paylaşım alt boyut puanı ortalaması 14.92±4.48 ve araç olarak değerlendirme alt boyut puanı ortalaması 15.69±4.16 olarak bulundu. Öğrencilerin CÖBÖ toplam puan ortalaması 29.98±7.76 olup cinsel utangaçlık alt boyut puanı ortalaması 14.54±5.05, cinsel öz-bilinçlilik alt boyut puanı ortalaması 15.43±4.13 olarak hesaplandı. Evlilik öncesi cinselliğin kabul edilebilirliği ile HCTÖ’nin onaylayıcılık alt boyutunda, CÖBÖ'nün cinsel utangaçlık alt boyutunda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulundu (p<0.05). Öğrencilerin cinsellik hakkında bilgi alma durumu ile HCTÖ’nin doğum kontrolü alt boyutu dışında diğer tüm alt boyutlarında, CÖBÖ ve alt boyutları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulundu (p<0.05). Sonuç olarak, ebelik öğrencilerinden evlilik öncesi cinselliği kabul edilebilir bulmayanların cinsel tutum ve cinsel öz bilinç durumlarında fark bulunmuştur. Üniversite öğrencilerinin evlilik öncesi cinselliğe bakış açılarını daha ayrıntılı ve derinlemesine belirleyecek ve bölgesel farklılıkları ortaya çıkaracak daha kapsamlı çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu görülmektedir.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chronic Pruritus in Patients over Age 65 Who Admitted to Family Medicine Outpatient Clinic

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Nurcan Akbas Gunes
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Patients Âgés ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Detailed Evaluation ◽  
Chronic Pruritus

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the hematologic values, multiple drug use, regions with pruritus, number of regions with pruritus, and systematic diseases of patients over age 65 with chronic pruritus. Methods: A detailed evaluation was made of the hematologic values, itchy regions, multiple drug use, and systematic diseases of 102 patients age 65 and older who presented to our Family Health Center within the past year. Results: When the patients were evaluated according to additional disease, 39 (38.2%) patients had one, and 63 (61.8%) patients had more than one additional disease. According to drug use, 36 (35.5%) patients were using one drug, 27 (26.5%) were using two different drugs, and 39 (38.2%) patients were using three or more different drugs. Number of itchy regions was found to have no significant impact on number of additional diseases. There was no significant difference in number of itchy regions according to number of different drugs used. Conclusion: A detailed hematologic, systematic disease, and multiple drug use assessment of patients ages 65 and older who presenting with chronic itching to Family Health centers could establish a general approach to elderly individuals with chronic pruritus.

Avaliação da Eficácia da Administração de Dexametasona ou Metilprednisolona para Produzir Osteoporose em Ratas/ Evaluating the Effectiveness of Dexamethasone or Methylprednisolone to Produce Osteoporosis in Rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Nilo César do Vale Baracho ◽  
Alexandre Mata de Paula ◽  
Roberto Franzini Junior ◽  
Rogério Mariotto Bitetti da Silva ◽  
Bruno Appolari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Good Marker ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Control ◽  
Successful Induction ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
De Medicina

Introdução: A osteoporose é considerada um grave problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo. No Brasil ainda não há dados estatísticos sobre a real incidência desta doença. Os glicocorticóides representam uma classe de drogas muito usada, sendo que podem influenciar significativamente a massa óssea. Entretanto, após tratamento com glicocorticóides em ratos, esses podem ou não apresentar alterações na massa óssea. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da administração de dexametasona ou metilprednisolona em produzir osteoporose em ratas. Métodos: Vinte e quatro ratas, oriundas do biotério da Faculdade de Medicina de Itajubá, foram utilizadas e divididas em três grupos: controle, metilprednisolona e dexametasona. Foram avaliados íons e proteínas totais sanguíneos e feita a análise histopatológica de tecido ósseo. Resultados e conclusão: Pela análise histológica da espessura trabecular óssea, houve redução da massa óssea dos grupos tratados com glicocorticóides em comparação com o grupo controle, evidenciando o sucesso da indução de osteoporose. Além disso, houve uma maior redução da massa óssea no grupo tratado com dexametasona, em comparação com o grupo tratado com metilprednisolona. A análise bioquímica de cálcio, fósforo, magnésio e proteínas totais não sofreram diferença significativa entres os grupos, não sendo um bom marcador para remodelamento ósseo e para diagnóstico de osteoporose.Evaluating the Effectiveness of Dexamethasone or Methylprednisolone to Produce Osteoporosis in RatsIntroduction: Osteoporosis is considered a serious public health problem in worldwide. In Brazil we do not have statistics on the real disease incidence. Glucocorticoids are a class of drugs widely used, and can significantly influence bone mass. However, after treatment with glucocorticoids in rats, these may or may not show changes in bone mass. Objective: Evaluating the effectiveness of dexamethasone or methylprednisolone to produce osteoporosis in rats. Methods: Twenty-four rats, originated from the vivarium of the Faculty of Medicine Itajubá were used and divided into three groups: control, methylprednisolone and dexamethasone. Ions was evaluated blood and histopathology of bone tissue. Results and conclusion: by histologic analysis of trabecular bone thickness, a reduction of the mass bone in the groups treated with glucocorticoids compared with the group control, demonstrating the successful induction of osteoporosis. Furthermore, there was a greater reduction in bone mass in the group treated with dexamethasone compared with the group treated with methylprednisolone. The analysis biochemistry of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and total protein did not undergo significant difference among the groups, there is a good marker for bone remodeling and osteoporosis diagnosis.

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