Effect of Yoga on Adolescents’ Attitude towards Violence

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Govindaraja Setty A.G. ◽  
Pailoor Subramanya ◽  
B. Mahadevan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Stress ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Yoga Practice ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Yoga Group ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Formative Years

As society progresses with newer technology choices and greater materialistic welfare, we also witness more incidences of aggression and violence among the youth and adolescents. This is partly due to the mental stress that they undergo. There has been a renewed interest to understand the causes of aggression and violence. More importantly, there is an interest to identify methods to manage these. This article is an attempt to showcase the usefulness of yoga in addressing this aspect. The present study was conducted to find out the effect of 4 weeks’ yoga practice on 158 (76 girls and 82 boys) normal healthy adolescents’ attitude towards violence (ATV) in comparison to practice of physical exercises (PE). The study showed that both yoga and PE groups demonstrated significant reduction in their positive ATV strategies and increased positive use of non-violent strategies. Boys in the yoga group showed significant improvement, whereas the control group showed non-significant improvement. Girls in the yoga also displayed significant progress over the control group. Thus, the study points to the usefulness of introducing yoga to the adolescents in their formative years through a structured curriculum. This is likely to provide numerous benefits both for the individual and the society at large.

Effect of short-term mental stress on time- domain indices of heart rate variability in obese individuals – A case- control study

Biomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-277
Author(s):  
Priya S.A. ◽  
R. Rajalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stress Task ◽  
The Individual

  Introduction and Aim: Mental stress may impact dramatically on dynamic autonomic control on heart. Many studies have demonstrated association of high body mass index (BMI) with greater risk for cardiovascular disease with disturbance in autonomic neuronal activity. Analysis of Heart rate variability (HRV)during acute mental stress assesses the autonomic status of the individual. Hence, we aimed to study the effect of acute mental stress on time domain measures in obese adults.   Materials and Methods:Sixty male volunteers of 30 each in study group (obese individuals) and control group (non-obese individuals) were recruited for the study. A basal recording of ECG in lead II was done on all the individuals. Then they underwent mental arithmetic stress task for 5 minutes during which again ECG was recorded. The change in time domain measures of HRV during rest and stress task was analyzed and compared between both the groups.   Results: Analysis of time domain measures of HRV revealed a statistically significant increase (p ? 0.001) in mean heart rate in both obese and non-obese individuals, while rMSSD(root mean square differences of successive RR interval) and SDNN (standard deviation of all NN intervals) showed a statistically significant (p? 0.001) decrease in obese individuals and non-obese individuals did not show any statistically significant change during the mental stress task.   Conclusion: In response to acute mental stress there was increased heart rate in both the groups. But the autonomic neuronal activity differed by way of sympathetic dominance in non-obese individuals and parasympathetic withdrawal in obese individuals.  

Abstract P161: Effect of Yoga Program on Cardiovascular Function in Elderly with Stage-I Hypertension

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satish G Patil
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Yoga Practice ◽  
Yoga Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Change ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Time

Introduction: Hypertension is a major cause of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in elderly population. Hypertension along with aging leads to left ventricular hypertrophy, systolic and diastolic dysfunction and congestive heart failure. We aimed to determine the effect of yoga program on cardiovascular indices in elderly with stage-I hypertension. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that yoga lifestyle modality may induce significant beneficial changes in cardiovascular function in elderly individuals with hypertension. Yoga program may be more beneficial than walking for cardiovascular health in elderly. Methods: A parallel arm, open label, single blind, randomized controlled study was conducted on elderly people with stage-I hypertension aged above 60 years (n=44). Yoga group (n=24) was assigned for yoga practice (includes asanas, pranayama and meditation) and control group (n=20) for brisk-walk for one hour in the morning for 6 days in a week for three months. The outcome measures were cardiovascular indices derived from pulse wave analysis such as left ventricular ejection time (ET), diastolic time (DT) pulse duration (PD), percentage of mean arterial pressure (%MAP), upstroke time (UT), ejection slope (ES), ejection duration index (ED%), pre-ejection period (PEP), and heart rate. Results: The mean within-yoga group change in PD(ms) was -50.29 (CI=-98.5, -2.07; p=0.042), DT(ms): -49.04 (CI=-88.47, -9.61; p=0.017), ED%: 2.107 (CI=0.92, 3.28; p=0.001), HR(bpm): 4.41 (CI=0.43, 8.4; p=0.031), %MAP: 2.08 (CI=0.71, 3.44; p=0.04), ES (mmHg/ms): 14.62 (CI=-3.99, 33.24; p=0.118), ET (ms): -0.66 (CI=11.89, 10.55; p=0.903), UT(ms): -2.54 (CI=14.95, 9.87; p=0.676), PEP (ms): -1.25 (CI=-4.17, 1.67; p=0.11). The mean within-control group change in PD(ms) was 11.15 (CI=-52.26, 74.56; p=0.717), DT(ms): 11.3 (CI=-50.56, 73.16; p=0.706), ED%: -0.101 (CI=-2.7, 2.5; p=0.936), HR (bpm): 0.35 (CI=-4.71, 5.41; p=0.887), %MAP: 0.65 (CI=-1.11, 2.41; p=0.451), ES(mmHg/ms): 0.75 (CI=-15.8, 17.38; p=0.926), ET(ms): 2.2 (CI=-10.5, 14.9; p=0.721), UT(ms): 4.7 (CI=-8.19, 17.59; p=455), PEP (ms): 2.1 (CI=-0.52, 4.72; p=0.11). Analysis of Covariance showed a significant change between-groups in PD (p=0.021), DT (p=0.02), UT (p=0.048), ED% (p=0.049), HR (p=0.036) while no significant difference was observed in ES (p=0.248), ET (p=0.245), PEP (p=0.102) and %MAP (p=0.262). Conclusions: These findings indicate that the yoga practice can induce beneficial changes in cardiovascular function in elderly hypertensive subjects. Further, yoga may be better than walking in improving cardiac health in older individuals.

scholarly journals Yoga's Impact on Inflammation, Mood, and Fatigue in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1040-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice K. Kiecolt-Glaser ◽  
Jeanette M. Bennett ◽  
Rebecca Andridge ◽  
Juan Peng ◽  
Charles L. Shapiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Yoga Practice ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Yoga Group ◽  
Tnf Α

Purpose To evaluate yoga's impact on inflammation, mood, and fatigue. Patients and Methods A randomized controlled 3-month trial was conducted with two post-treatment assessments of 200 breast cancer survivors assigned to either 12 weeks of 90-minute twice per week hatha yoga classes or a wait-list control. The main outcome measures were lipopolysaccharide-stimulated production of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and scores on the Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory-Short Form (MFSI-SF), the vitality scale from the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form (SF-36), and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale. Results Immediately post-treatment, fatigue was not lower (P > .05) but vitality was higher (P = .01) in the yoga group compared with the control group. At 3 months post-treatment, fatigue was lower in the yoga group (P = .002), vitality was higher (P = .01), and IL-6 (P = .027), TNF-α (P = .027), and IL-1β (P = .037) were lower for yoga participants compared with the control group. Groups did not differ on depression at either time (P > .2). Planned secondary analyses showed that the frequency of yoga practice had stronger associations with fatigue at both post-treatment visits (P = .019; P < .001), as well as vitality (P = .016; P = .0045), but not depression (P > .05) than simple group assignment; more frequent practice produced larger changes. At 3 months post-treatment, increasing yoga practice also led to a decrease in IL-6 (P = .01) and IL-1β (P = .03) production but not in TNF-α production (P > .05). Conclusion Chronic inflammation may fuel declines in physical function leading to frailty and disability. If yoga dampens or limits both fatigue and inflammation, then regular practice could have substantial health benefits.

Factor models of the Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy indicators of EEG in adolescents with depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (16) ◽  
pp. 108-120
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Mayorov ◽  
◽  
E. A. Mikhailova ◽  
A. B. Prognimak ◽  
T. D. Nessonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Factor Models ◽  
Electrode Placement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eeg Analysis ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Nonlinear Eeg Analysis

t Introduction. According to the WHO, there is currently an increase in the prevalence, incidence and rejuvenation of depression. This phenomenon is also observed in adolescents. Purpose of the study. Search for sensitive and specific «markers» of depressive disorder in adolescents, which not only make it pos-sible to distinguish between patients and healthy people, but will also be able to assess the effectiveness of different types of treatment. The contingent of the surveyed. Research methods. Examined: 1. Group of adolescents with depression: 52 patients (35 girls and 17 boys). 2. Control group (healthy) — 40 adolescents (18 girls and 22 boys). 3. The EEG was recorded in a state of calm wakefulness and during mental stress. 4. EEG analysis — qEEG software complex — NeuroResearcher®InnovationSuite (MI&T Institute, Ukraine). The entropy of Kolmogorov–Sinai EEG was calculated — a nonlinear indicator of the state of neurodynamics in the studied EEG electrode placement. 5. Multivariate statistical analysis. Factor analysis was used to create the models (STATISTICA, 13.3). Results. The search for objective quantitative «markers» of the depressive state of both sexes adolescents was carried out on the basis of nonlinear EEG analysis and the creation of factor models of the results obtained. The factorial models of the Kolmogorov–Sinai EEG entropy of the studied areas of the cerebral hemispheres of sick and healthy both sexes adolescents in a state of calm wakefulness and during mental test were obtained. A physiological interpretation of the identified main factors is given. Comparison of factor models made it possible to identify differences between depressed and healthy adolescents, as well as gender differences. Differences in the factor models of the EEG pacemaker parameters were also revealed in depressed adolescents in a state of calm wakefulness and during mental stress. Based on the obtained factor models, it is possible to calculate the individual values of the factors for each pa-tient. This allows to determine the individual severity of the studied pathology. The revealed significant differences in factor models in adolescents of both sexes with depression in comparison with factor models of adolescents in the control group can be used to detect depressive disorder during EEG examination. Key words: Depression in adolescents; EEG; Nonlinear EEG analysis; Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy; Factor analysis.

scholarly journals Do 12-Week Yoga Program Influence Respiratory Function Of Elderly Women?

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lídia Aguiar Bezerra ◽  
Helton Fabrício de Melo ◽  
Ana Paula Garay ◽  
Victor Machado Reis ◽  
Felipe José Aidar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Yoga Practice ◽  
Yoga Group ◽  
Pulmonary Volumes

Abstract Aging produces several respiratory limitations and reduces tolerance to physical efforts, sometimes leading to pulmonary diseases in the elderly. The literature draws attention to the possible benefits of Yoga practice among the elderly, presenting evidence for significant improvements in quality of life. It was hypothesized that yoga practice can improve respiratory function in the elderly. The effects of a yoga program on pulmonary volumes and respiratory muscle strength were verified in 36 elderly women divided into a yoga group [YG] (63.1 ± 13.3 years of age) and a control group (61.0 ± 6.9 years of age). Maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure (MIP and MEP) were assessed by a manovacuometer and tidal volume (VT), vital capacity (VC) and minute ventilation (VE) were measured by a ventilometer. The program comprised 65 min sessions, 3 times/week during 12 weeks. The heart rate and respiratory rate decreased significantly in the YG (76-39 ± 8-03 vs. 74-61±10.26 bpm and 18.61 ± 3.15 vs. 16.72 ± 3.12 resp/min, respectively). In the YG, VT and VE increased significantly (0.55 ± 0.22 vs. 0.64 ± 0.2 ml and 9.19 ± 2.39 vs. 10.05 ± 2.11 ml, respectively), as well as VC (1.48 ± 0.45 vs. 2.03 ± 0.72 ml). Improvements were also found in MIP and MEP in the YG (62.17 ± 14.77 vs. 73.06 ± 20.16 cmH2O and 80.56 ± 23.94 vs. 86.39 ± 20.16 cmH2O, respectively). It was concluded that a 12-week yoga program significantly improves pulmonary function of aged women.

scholarly journals Is Weekly Frequency of Yoga Practice Sufficient? Physiological Effects of Hatha Yoga Among Healthy Novice Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Csala ◽  
Renáta Szemerszky ◽  
János Körmendi ◽  
Ferenc Köteles ◽  
Szilvia Boros
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Hatha Yoga ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Yoga Practice ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Yoga Group ◽  
Weekly Frequency

Beneficial physical and physiological health outcomes of yoga practice are well-supported by empirical data. However, whether weekly frequency of training is sufficient to evoke positive changes, is still an open question. The present intervention study investigated the effects of 10 weekly sessions of beginner level hatha yoga with respect to indicators of physical fitness and physiological markers. 82 young women (mean age of 22.0 ± 3.83 years) participated in the study. The yoga group (N = 49) attended a yoga course consisting of 10 sessions (1.5 h each) on a weekly basis. The control group (N = 33) did not receive any intervention. BMI, body fat percentage, balance (one-leg-stand test with open and closed eyes, functional reach test), flexibility (side bend test, modified sit and reach test) core muscle strength (plank test) as well as resting heart rate (HR), and heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed 1 week before and after the course. Both frequentist and Bayesian analysis showed an improvement in flexibility and balance in the yoga group compared to the control group. The yoga group showed also increased core muscle strength. No changes with respect to BMI, body fat percentage, resting HR and HRV were found. Ninety minute beginner level hatha yoga classes were characterized by 93.39 HR and 195 kcal energy consumption on average. The present findings suggest that weekly setting of a 10-session long hatha yoga training leads to improvements in balance, flexibility and core muscle strength among healthy young women. However, for changes in BMI, body fat percentage, resting HR and HRV longer, and/or more intense interventions are needed.

Improvement in resilience and stress-related blood markers following ten months yoga practice in Antarctica

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohit Nirwan ◽  
Kaushik Halder ◽  
Mantu Saha ◽  
Anjana Pathak ◽  
Ragavendrasamy Balakrishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Score ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Yoga Practice ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Yoga Group ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Confined Environment ◽  
And Control

AbstractBackgroundWintering is associated with distress to humans who work in the isolated and confined environment of Antarctica and yoga has been proved helpful for coping with stress. Therefore, a study was conducted on 14 winter expedition members of Indian Scientific Antarctic Expedition (2016) to find out the effects of yoga on stress-related markers.MethodsParticipants were divided into yoga, and control (non-yoga) groups. The yoga group practiced yoga for 10 months (from January to October 2016) daily in the morning for an hour. The Resilience test questionnaire was administrated at baseline and endpoint of the study. Blood samples were collected during the study at different intervals for the estimation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), serotonin and cortisol using ELISA.ResultsA trend of improvement was observed in the resilience test score in the yoga group. From January to October, 8-OHdG serum values in the yoga group declined by 55.9% from 1010.0 ± 67.8 pg/mL to 445.6 ± 60.5 pg/mL (Mean ± SD); in the control group, the decline was 49.9% from 1060.4 ± 54.6 pg/mL to 531.1 ± 81.8 pg/mL. In serotonin serum levels in the yoga group, there was a 3.1% increase from 6.4 ± 1.6 ng/mL to 6.6 ± 0.4 ng/mL while no increase was noticed in the control group. Cortisol values in the yoga group decreased by 19.9% from 321.0 ± 189.6 ng/mL to 257.1 ± 133.8 ng/mL; in the control group it increased by 2.8% from 241.2 ± 51.8 ng/mL to 247.8 ± 90.9 ng/mL.ConclusionsIt could be concluded from the present study that following 10 months yoga practice may be useful for better resilience and management of stress-related blood markers for the polar sojourners.

scholarly journals Primary dementia care based on the individual needs of the patient: study protocol of the cluster randomized controlled trial, DemStepCare

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Bablok ◽  
◽  
Harald Binder ◽  
Dominikus Stelzer ◽  
Klaus Kaier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Dementia Care ◽  
Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Care Model ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Individual Needs ◽  
Cluster Randomized ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background Most people with dementia (PwD) are cared for at home, with general practitioners (GPs) playing a key part in the treatment. However, primary dementia care suffers from a number of shortcomings: Often, diagnoses are made too late and therapies by GPs do not follow the guidelines. In cases of acute crises, PwD are too often admitted to hospital with adverse effects on the further course of the disease. The aim of this study is to implement and evaluate a new GP-based, complex dementia care model, DemStepCare. DemStepCare aims to ensure demand-oriented, stepped care for PwD and their caregivers. Methods/design In a cluster randomized controlled trial, the care of PwD receiving a complex intervention, where the GP is supported by a multi-professional team, is compared to (slightly expanded) usual care. GPs are clustered by GP practice, with 120 GP practices participating in total. GP practices are randomized to an intervention or a control group. 800 PwD are to be included per group. Recruitment takes place in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. In addition, a second control group with at least 800 PwD will be formed using aggregated routine data from German health insurance companies. The intervention comprises the training of GPs, case management including repeated risk assessment of the patients’ care situation, the demand-oriented service of an outpatient clinic, an electronic case record, external medication analyses and a link to regional support services. The primary aims of the intervention are to positively influence the quality of life for PwD, to reduce the caregivers’ burden, and to reduce the days spent in hospital. Secondary endpoints address medication adequacy and GPs’ attitudes and sensitivity towards dementia, among others. Discussion The GP-based dementia care model DemStepCare is intended to combine a number of promising interventions to provide a complex, stepped intervention that follows the individual needs of PwD and their caregivers. Its effectiveness and feasibility will be assessed in a formative and a summative evaluation. Trial registration German Register of Clinical Trials (Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien, DRKS), DRKS00023560. Registered 13 November 2020 - Retrospectively registered. HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00023560.

scholarly journals Human beta defensin levels and vaginal microbiome composition in post-menopausal women diagnosed with lichen sclerosus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Brunner ◽  
Márta Medvecz ◽  
Nóra Makra ◽  
Miklós Sárdy ◽  
Kinga Komka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lichen Sclerosus ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vaginal Microbiome ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Streptococcus Anginosus ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Level Production

AbstractHuman beta defensins (hBDs) may play an important role in the progression of lichen sclerosus (LS), due to their ability to induce excessive stimulation of extracellular matrix synthesis and fibroblast activation. The genetic ability of the individual to produce defensins, the presence of microbes influencing defensin production, and the sensitivity of microbes to defensins together regulate the formation of an ever-changing balance between defensin levels and microbiome composition. We investigated the potential differences in postmenopausal vaginal microbiome composition and vaginal hBD levels in LS patients compared to non-LS controls. LS patients exhibited significantly lower levels of hBD1 (p = 0.0003), and significantly higher levels of hBD2 (p = 0.0359) and hBD3 (p = 0.0002), compared to the control group. The microbiome of the LS patients was dominated by possibly harmful bacteria including Lactobacillus iners, Streptococcus anginosus or Gardnerella vaginalis known to initiate direct or indirect damage by increasing defensin level production. Our observations highlight that correcting the composition of the microbiome may be applicable in supplementary LS therapy by targeting the restoration of the beneficial flora that does not increase hBD2-3 production.

Acquiring variable commands at home and abroad: Examining optatives and imperatives in L1 and L2 Spanish

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-113
Author(s):  
Farrah Neumann ◽  
Matthew Kanwit
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Study Abroad ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual ◽  
At Home

AbstractSince many linguistic structures are variable (i. e. conveyed by multiple forms), building a second-language grammar critically involves developing sociolinguistic competence (Canale and Swain. 1980. Theoretical bases of communicative approaches to second language teaching and testing. Applied Linguistics 1(1). 1–47), including knowledge of contexts in which to use one form over another (Bayley and Langman. 2004. Variation in the group and the individual: Evidence from second language acquisition. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 42(4). 303–318). Consequently, researchers interested in such competence have increasingly analyzed the study-abroad context to gauge learners’ ability to approximate local norms following a stay abroad, due to the quality and quantity of input to which learners may gain access (Lafford. 2006. The effects of study abroad vs. classroom contexts on Spanish SLA: Old assumptions, new insights and future research directions. In Carol Klee & Timothy Face (eds.), Selected proceedings of the 7th conference on the acquisition of Spanish and Portuguese as first and second languages, 1–25. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project). Nevertheless, the present study is the first to examine native or learner variation between imperative (e. g. ven ‘come’) and optative Spanish commands (e. g. que vengas ‘come’). We first performed a corpus analysis to determine the linguistic factors to manipulate in a contextualized task, which elicited commands from learners before and after four weeks abroad in Alcalá de Henares, Spain. Their overall rates of selection and predictive factors were compared to local native speakers (NSs) and a control group of at-home learners.Results revealed that the abroad learners more closely approached NS rates of selection following the stay abroad. Nonetheless, for both learner groups conditioning by independent variables only partially approximated the NS system, which was more complex than previously suggested.

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