Editorial Rights of Telephone Carriers

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
First Amendment ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Federal District ◽  
District Court ◽  
Communication Services ◽  
Communications Policy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Telephone Exchange ◽  
Proper Role

An ongoing issue in communications policy concerns the proper role of the local telephone exchange carriers in the provision of con tent. Historically, these regulated monopolies acted solely as content-neutral common carriers. This status is undergoing a dramatic change, as the telecommunications system becomes a conduit for mass communication services and as local carriers begin to face competition. The removal of the information services ban by the federal district court in 1991 was only one action of many in the past decade applying First Amendment principles, especially the recognition of editorial rights, to the telephone carriers.

Mediation Analysis and Warranted Inferences in Media and Communication Research: Examining Research Design in Communication Journals From 1996 to 2017

2020 ◽  
pp. 107769902096151
Author(s):  
Michael Chan ◽  
Panfeng Hu ◽  
Macau K. F. Mak
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Communication Research ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Causal Inferences ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human Communication Research ◽  
Media And Communication

The number of studies employing mediation analysis has increased exponentially in the past two decades. Focusing on research design, this study examines 387 articles in the Journal of Communication, Human Communication Research, Communication Research, Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, and Media Psychology between 1996 and 2017. Findings show that while most studies report statistically significant indirect effects, they are inadequate to make causal inferences. Authors also often infer that they uncovered the “true” mediator(s) while alternative models and mediators are rarely acknowledged. Future studies should pay more attention to the role of research design and its implications for making causal inferences.

The Place of Political Science in Canadian Universities

1998 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Pocklington
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Reflective Inquiry ◽  
Remedial Action ◽  
Canadian Universities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
Current State

AbstractThis article addresses the proper role of political science in Canadian universities. The thesis is twofold: first, the main tasks of political scientists are first-rate teaching and reflective inquiry about citizenship: second, in the past few years we have been moving away from this understanding, and remedial action is required. Our delinquency stems mainly from our obsession with “frontier research,” the main result of which is the widespread decline of attentive teaching, which we rationalize with a number of implausible myths. We are primarily responsible for the current state of political science, and only we can remedy it.

scholarly journals International Megan's Law as Compelled Speech

2020 ◽  
pp. 1603
Author(s):  
Alexandra Genord
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
First Amendment ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
Federal District ◽  
District Court ◽  
Megan's Law ◽  
Strict Scrutiny ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Sex Offense ◽  
United States Code

“The bearer was convicted of a sex offense against a minor, and is a covered sex offender pursuant to 22 United States Code Section 212b(c)(l).” International Megan’s Law (IML), passed in 2016, prohibits the State Department from issuing passports to individuals convicted of a sex offense against a minor unless those passports are branded with this phrase. The federal government's decision to brand its citizens’ passports with this stigmatizing message is novel and jarring, but the sole federal district court to consider a constitutional challenge to the passport identifier dismissed the plaintiffs’ First Amendment claim, deeming the provision government speech. This Note argues that this passport identifier is more appropriately analyzed as a form of compelled speech, triggering strict scrutiny review that the IML’s passport identifier would not survive.

The Sexual Economy of War

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Byers
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Military Families ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
The Past ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
The Military ◽  
The U.S

The book argues that concerns about sexuality were fundamental to how the U.S. Army managed its deployments and military occupations throughout the early decades of the twentieth century. Far from being just a marginal release from the stresses of military service and combat, sexuality stood at the center of the military experience. The book uses the concept of a “sexual economy of war” to highlight the interconnectedness of everything from homosexuality, competing conceptions of masculinity, and the proper role of military families, to issues like rape and sexual violence, as well as attempts by the army to combat venereal disease via the regulation of prostitution. The book reveals that the contentious debates of the past two decades surrounding sexuality and the U.S. military are, in many ways, echoes of similar issues from the early twentieth century.

Diagnosis and correction of the elemental status as the basis of a personalized preventive approach to reducing the frequency of socially significant diseases of civilization in the territories

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
A. Skalny
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Elemental Status ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Essential Chemical ◽  
Chemical Imbalance

The study of the biological role of macro- and microelements over the past decades is one of the relevant and promising areas of medicine. There is now undeniable evidence that correction of chemical imbalance is one of the most important factors in improving health and preventing disease, especially in the form of personalized prevention programs. The study of the elemental “portrait” of the population in individual regions with the aim of scientific development and implementation of measures to eliminate the identified mineral deficiency as a strategic tool for the prevention of chronic non-infectious diseases is a promising area of modern medicine. The basis for assessing the elemental profiles of the population of the Central Federal District was information on the elemental composition of hair as a bio-substrate for analysis, which is most suitable for screening studies. The study revealed mass deficiency of essential chemical elements — macroelements, as well as deficiency of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Co, Cr, Se, I studied in this work, which is more common than excess of minerals and intoxication, and presents a wider risk for human health now.

scholarly journals Commercial Speech Law and Tobacco Marketing: A Comparative Discussion of the United States and Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 218-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micah L. Berman
Keyword(s):  
First Amendment ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
The United States ◽  
District Court ◽  
Constitutional Protection ◽  
Commercial Speech ◽  
Tobacco Marketing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Court Judge ◽  
The United Kingdom

In November 2011, U.S. District Court Judge Richard Leon ruled that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA’s) proposed graphic health warnings for cigarette packages violated tobacco companies’ First Amendment rights. In doing so, he pointedly refused to consider the experiences of Canada, the United Kingdom, and the more than thirty other countries that had adopted similar graphic warnings in the past decade. Rather, he swatted away all references to those other countries’ experiences by stating (first at oral argument and then in his decision) that “none of [those countries] afford First Amendment protections like those found in our Constitution.”While it is true that no other country uses the First Amendment per se, many other countries do offer constitutional protection to freedom of speech and/or freedom of expression. Indeed, several other countries apply “strikingly similar” legal tests when reviewing restrictions on speech (and on commercial speech in particular). Thus, the statement that other countries do not “afford First Amendment protections like those found in our Constitution” is an oversimplification.

Race, Politics, and the Courts: School Desegregation in San Francisco

1976 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kirp
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
School Desegregation ◽  
Federal District ◽  
District Court ◽  
The Political ◽  
School Students ◽  
Race Politics ◽  
Political Perceptions ◽  
Political Background

In September, 1971, San Francisco's elementary-school students were bused to schools newly desegregated by order of the federal district court. In this study of San Francisco's experience with desegregation, David L. Kirp examines the political background that led to recourse to the court, the constitutional context within which the case was decided, and the implementation of the decision. The events in San Francisco illustrate not only the tensions that typically surround desegregation but, equally importantly, the idiosyncratic circumstances that make one city's experience with the issue unique. The author concludes that it is inappropriate to address the problem of racial imbalance with a standard desegregation policy which ignores the diversity among cities. He also points out the problems in integrating as well as desegregating and the tension between shifting political perceptions and the role of the courts.

scholarly journals Public-private partnership as a mechanism for sustainable development of the Sverdlovsk Oblast: A determinantal analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093-1120
Author(s):  
Mikhail L. KUKLINOV ◽  
Vladimir V. YUGOV
Keyword(s):  
Federal District ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
The Public ◽  
Partnership Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Development Methods

Subject. This article discusses the role of public-private partnership in solving the priorities of the socio-economic development of the regions. Objectives. The article aims to identify institutional factors in public-private partnership development. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of statistical analysis. Results. Regarding the Ural Federal District subjects as a case study, the article examines the dynamics of public-private partnership projects development over the past decade. It considers the forms of institutional corruption and proposes certain mechanisms to overcome it. Conclusions. Analyzing key internal and external factors influencing the development of the public-private partnership system directly or indirectly will help enhance opportunities and capabilities when implementing economic projects.

scholarly journals The end of hypocrisy: Online activism and ethno-political conflicts

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Terzis
Keyword(s):  
Mass Communication ◽  
Civil Disobedience ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Traditional Media ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Online Activism

In the past twenty years, democratic participation through activism and civil disobedience has been increasingly expanded with the evolution of information and communication technology. It is assumed that the role of traditional media is not as influential as it once was due to the growing presence of self-made war journalists, hacktivists and whistleblowers, facilitated through the potential of the internet. The use of the latter as a tool from which information is disseminated rapidly, is fast influencing societal understanding and exposure to issues as they develop. Social media demonstrates precisely this phenomenon, in which people are able to accrue information and act upon it through mass communication and mobilisation. This article will therefore endeavor to analyse the evolution of media in conjunction with activism, from traditional media ethno-political conflict reporting, to today’s whistleblowers and hacktivists that use the internet as their main platform. By factoring in these different aspects, this article is able to present a detailed account of the advantages and drawbacks of the latest developments in internet and technology, with special emphasis being placed on the role of online activism.

The Role of the Judiciary in Germany

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1317-1330
Author(s):  
Hans-Ernst Böttcher
Keyword(s):  
District Court ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Final State ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Usual Practice ◽  
Local District ◽  
Telephone Exchange ◽  
Copying Machine ◽  
State Examination

In 1971, upon the conclusion of my university studies and my first state examination, and before sitting for my second (final) state examination, I commenced my practical training as a so-called Referendar at the Amtsgericht (local district court) in Gettorf, near Kiel. It was a very small court, employing only one judge who was responsible in this position for all legal cases. In addition, a total of approximately 20 other employees were working there. The court had no electric typewriter, and no copying machine. When a copy had to be made, the document was literally transcribed in the true sense of the word. Later, after my second and final state examination, I started my services as a judge at the Landgericht (regional court) in Bremen, a court with approximately 60 judges and a total of approximately 200 employees. It was not a matter of course that each judge had a telephone of his/her own. Moreover, connections to the outside world were frequently only possible through the general telephone exchange. One office had to be shared by several judges. Dictating machines were available, but not taken for granted. On the contrary, as a rule it was the usual practice for a clerk to take the minutes—even in cases for which the Code of Procedure did not specifically require this.

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