Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of essential oil of clove against Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Enteritidis

The antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of essential oil of clove against Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Enteritidis were investigated. The chemical composition of the oil was characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Stock solution of the essential oil of clove was prepared in 95% (v/v) ethanol (EOC). The antibacterial assays were performed by disk diffusion assay and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The biomass of adhered cells and preformed biofilms after incubation with different concentrations of EOC was assessed by crystal violet. Eugenol was the major bioactive compound of clove essential oil, accounting for 78.85% of the total composition. The MIC values for L. monocytogenes and S. Enteritidis were 0.05 mg/ml and 0.1 mg/ml, respectively. The initial cell adhesion at MIC was inhibited by 61.8% for L. monocytogenes and 49.8% for S. Enteritidis. However, the effect of EOC was less marked on biofilm eradication than on cell adhesion. At MIC and within 1 hour of incubation with the EOC, the preformed biofilms were reduced by 30.2% and 20.3% for L. monocytogenes and S. Enteritidis, respectively. These results suggest that sanitizers based on clove essential oil could be a potential strategy to control biofilms in food-related environments.

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Combined application of phenolic acids and essential oil components against Salmonella Enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes in vitro and in ready-to-eat cooked ham

LWT ◽

10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111881 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 111881

Author(s):

Jessica Audrey Feijó Corrêa ◽

João Vitor Garcia dos Santos ◽

Alberto Gonçalves Evangelista ◽

Anne Caroline Schoch Marques Pinto ◽

Renata Ernlund Freitas de Macedo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Combined Application ◽

Cooked Ham ◽

Oil Components

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Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Vant Essential Oils Extracted by Simultaneous Distillation-Extraction, Subcritical Extraction and Hydrodistillation

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24030483 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 483 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Xiao Guan ◽

Depeng Ge ◽

Sen Li ◽

Kai Huang ◽

Jing Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

High Yield ◽

Agar Disc ◽

Artemisia Argyi ◽

Simultaneous Distillation Extraction

Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Vant essential oil could be used as a good antimicrobial flavouring agent and applied in the food industry. In this study, three methods, including simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE), subcritical extraction and hydrodistillation, were applied to extract A. argyi essential oil. Compared with subcritical extraction (1%) and hydrodistillation (0.5%), SDE gave a higher yield (1.2%). Components of the essential oils were analysed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the most abundant ingredients were caryophyllene oxide, neointermedeol, borneol, α-thujone and β-caryophyllene. These five components accounted for 82.93%, 40.90% and 40.33% for SDE, subcritical extraction, and hydrodistillation, respectively. Based on agar disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays, SDE oil showed a significant inhibitory effect towards Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella enteritidis and Aspergillus niger. Furthermore, electron microscope observations (SEM) confirmed that SDE oil could obviously deform cell morphology and destroy the structure of cell walls. Performances showed that SDE was a promising process for extracting A. argyi essential oil with both high yield and antimicrobial activity.

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Development of a Millet Starch Edible Film Containing Clove Essential Oil

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9020184 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 184 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alaa G. Al-Hashimi ◽

Altemimi B. Ammar ◽

Lakshmanan G. ◽

Francesco Cacciola ◽

Naoufal Lakhssassi

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Control Sample ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Edible Film ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Syzygium Aromaticum ◽

Preservation Method ◽

Clove Essential Oil

Medicinal plants contain various secondary metabolites. The present study analyzed the essential oil of buds from clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.; Family: Myrtaceae) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). GC-MS analysis showed the presence of six major phytoconstituents, such as eugenol (66.01%), caryophyllene (19.88%), caryophyllene oxide (5.80%), phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)-acetate (4.55%), and humulene (3.75%). The effect of clove essential oils (CEO) at 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% (w/w) on the mechanical and barrier properties of starch films was evaluated. The tensile strength (TS) and elongation (E) of films with clove essential oil were 6.25 ± 0.03 MPa and 5.67% ± 0.08%, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the films significantly increased the millet starch film and presented the lowest antioxidant activity (0.3%) at a 30 minute incubation for the control sample, while increasing CEO fraction in the starch film lead to an increase in antioxidant activity, and the 3% CEO combined film presented the highest antioxidant activity (15.96%) at 90 min incubation. This finding could be explained by the incorporation of clove oil containing antioxidant properties that significantly increased with the incorporation of CEO (p < 0.05). A zone of inhibition ranging from 16 to 27 mm in diameter was obtained when using a concentration of CEO ranging from 1% to 3%. We also observed the presence of an antimicrobial activity on several tested microorganism including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter sp, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Trichoderma fungi. Thus, the current study reveals the possibility of using a millet starch edible film as a preservation method.

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Evaluation of Electrospun Poly(ε-Caprolactone)/Gelatin Nanofiber Mats Containing Clove Essential Oil for Antibacterial Wound Dressing

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics11110570 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 570 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Irem Unalan ◽

Stefan J. Endlein ◽

Benedikt Slavik ◽

Andrea Buettner ◽

Wolfgang H. Goldmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Fiber Diameter ◽

Dermal Fibroblast ◽

Human Dermal Fibroblast ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Normal Human Dermal Fibroblast ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Normal Human ◽

Clove Essential Oil ◽

Nanofiber Mats

The objective of this study was to produce antibacterial poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)-gelatin (GEL) electrospun nanofiber mats containing clove essential oil (CLV) using glacial acetic acid (GAA) as a “benign” (non-toxic) solvent. The addition of CLV increased the fiber diameter from 241 ± 96 to 305 ± 82 nm. Aside from this, the wettability of PCL-GEL nanofiber mats was increased by the addition of CLV. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the presence of CLV, and the actual content of CLV was determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Our investigations showed that CLV-loaded PCL-GEL nanofiber mats did not have cytotoxic effects on normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells. On the other hand, the fibers exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Consequently, PCL-GEL/CLV nanofiber mats are potential candidates for antibiotic-free wound healing applications.

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Thymus serpyllum Essential Oil and Its Biological Activity as a Modern Food Preserver

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10071416 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1416

Author(s):

Lucia Galovičová ◽

Petra Borotová ◽

Veronika Valková ◽

Nenad L. Vukovic ◽

Milena Vukic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Vapor Phase ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Growth Inhibitor ◽

Antibiofilm Activity ◽

Suitable Alternative ◽

Thymus Serpyllum ◽

Biofilm Structure

The aim of this study was to analyze the chemical composition and biological and antibiofilm activity of the essential oil (EO) of Thymus serpyllum with the use of a MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper. The main compounds of the EO were thymol, 18.8%; carvacrol, 17.4%; o-cymene, 15.4%; and geraniol, 10.7%. It was found that free-radical scavenging activity was high. The highest antimicrobial activity was observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis, and biofilm-forming bacteria. The changes in the biofilm structure after T. serpyllum EO application confirmed the inhibitory action and the most pronounced effect was observed on Bacillus subtilis biofilm. The antifungal activity of the vapor phase was the most effective against Penicillium crustosum. T. serpyllum should be a suitable alternative to synthetic antioxidants as well as antimicrobials. The EO of T. serpyllum can be used in the vapor phase in the storage of root vegetables as well as a growth inhibitor of Penicillium on bread.

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Antibacterial activity and sensory properties of Heracleum persicum essential oil, nisin, and Lactobacillus acidophilus against Listeria monocytogenes in cheese

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2019.90-96 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 90-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. Ehsani ◽

A. Rezaeiyan ◽

M. Hashemi ◽

M. Aminzare ◽

B. Jannat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Chemical Effect ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

White Cheese ◽

Heracleum Persicum

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and chemical effect of Heracleum persicum essential oil (EO), nisin, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and their combination against Listeria monocytogenes both in vitro and in Iranian white cheese model. Materials and Methods: Chemical compositions of H. persicum EO were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. After production of Iranian white cheese, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration of EO and nisin and agar spot test of L. acidophilus against L. monocytogenes were evaluated. Results: Hexyl butanoate (25.98%), octyl isobutyrate (17.82%), methyl butyrate (14.37%), and pentyl cyclopropane (12.77%) were the main components of the EO. MIC of the EO against L. monocytogenes was 2.5 mg/mL. Combination of nisin (5.3 IU/mL) and H. persicum EO (2500 μg/mL) showed increasing effect against L. monocytogenes (fractional inhibitory concentration = 0.9), while a higher concentration of EO and nisin showed undesirable effect on the cheese flavor. Furthermore, a combination of 1012 CFU/g L. acidophilus with H. persicum EO at the concentration of 2.5 mg/mL (T12) showed acceptable sensorial and also antibacterial results in Iranian white cheese. Conclusion: Combination of H. persicum EO, L. acidophilus, and nisin can be recommended as natural preservatives and flavoring agents in cheese.

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Garlic, Onion, and Cinnamon Essential Oil Anti-Biofilms’ Effect against Listeria monocytogenes

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9050567 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 567 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mariem Somrani ◽

María-Carmen Inglés ◽

Hajer Debbabi ◽

Ferid Abidi ◽

Alfredo Palop

Keyword(s):

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Cell Attachment ◽

Antibiofilm Activity ◽

Initial Cell ◽

Food Industries ◽

Crystal Violet Assay ◽

Cinnamon Essential Oil

Biofilms represent a serious problem for food industries due to their persistence in processing surfaces, from which they can cause food spoilage or, even worse, lead to foodborne diseases. Microorganisms immersed in biofilms are more resistant to biocides. The search for natural effective alternatives for the prevention and the control of biofilms has increased lately. The aim of this research was to test the antibacterial and the anti-biofilm activities of cinnamon, onion, and garlic essential oils against Listeria monocytogenes. The methodology highlighted first the effect of these essential oils on L. monocytogenes using disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods and then on initial cell attachment and six hours preformed biofilms. The inhibition of biofilms was assessed by crystal violet assay. Sulfides were the most abundant compounds present in onion and garlic essential oils, while cinnamaldehyde was predominant in cinnamon essential oil. MIC values were of 0.025 mg mL−1 for onion essential oil and 0.100 mg mL−1 for cinnamon and garlic. Onion essential oil inhibited initial cell attachment by 77% at 0.5 of the MIC dose, while at MIC, cinnamon and garlic essential oils inhibited the initial microbial adhesion completely. All three essential oils completely inhibited initial cell attachment when applied at 2 MIC. On the contrary, preformed biofilms were more resistant, and the inhibition rate ranged from 33% to 78%. In summary, this investigation revealed that the essential oils of garlic, onion, and cinnamon show an effective antibiofilm activity against L. monocytogenes and are promising natural antimicrobial alternatives for food processing facilities.

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Efficiency of chitosan synergism with clove essential oil in the coating of intentionally contaminated Tambaqui fillets

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n6p2793 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 2793-2802

Author(s):

Brenda Borges Vieira ◽

◽

Elaine Araújo de Carvalho ◽

Aline Simões da Rocha Bispo ◽

Mariza Alves Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Escherichia Coli O157 ◽

Chitosan Coating ◽

Coating Efficiency ◽

Clove Essential Oil

The edible coating of chitosan with clove essential oil (CEO) was studied for its ability to reduce the microbial growth of pathogens (Escherichia coli O157:H7 CDCEDL933, Listeria monocytogenes CERELA, Salmonella Enteritidis ATCC13076, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC43300, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853) in Tambaqui fillets kept under refrigeration. In in vitro tests, chitosan showed higher antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and L. monocytogenes (MIC 0.5%), and CEO for L. monocytogenes (MIC 0.08%). Based on the antimicrobial activity of chitosan and CEO, Tambaqui fillets were subjected to different treatments, T1: chitosan 2%; T2: chitosan 2% + CEO 0.16%, and T3: chitosan 0.5% + CEO 0.08%, kept at 4 ºC for 72 h. The chitosan coating, incorporated with CEO, inhibited microorganisms in Tambaqui fillets and enhanced coating efficiency (p < 0.05). It was most effective against L. monocytogenes and S. aureus at the lowest CEO concentration (0.08%). Chitosan coating in combination with CEO enhanced the antimicrobial effect of pathogens on Tambaqui fillets, increased their shelf life under refrigeration, and was more effective against Gram-positive pathogens than Gram-negative pathogens.

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Anti-Staphylococcal Activity of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Essential Oil against Planktonic and Biofilm Cells Isolated from Canine Otological Infections

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics11010004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 4

Author(s):

Vinicius de Queiroz Albuquerque ◽

Maria Janeila Carvalho Soares ◽

Maria Nágila Carneiro Matos ◽

Rafaela Mesquita Bastos Cavalcante ◽

Jesús Alberto Pérez Guerrero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Disk Diffusion ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Antibiofilm Activity ◽

Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽

Disk Diffusion Test ◽

Mass Spectrometry Identification ◽

Phytochemical Profile

The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical profile of Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil (CZEO) and their antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus strains isolated from canine otitis. First, the CZEO chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (CG-MS). External otitis samples collected from dogs were submitted to staphylococcal isolation, followed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry identification. The antimicrobial action was tested against the isolates using the disk-diffusion and microdilution methods. The antibiofilm activity was evaluated by CZEO-based concentrations, subMIC for biofilm formation and supraMIC against preformed biofilm, quantified by crystal violet (CV) staining and CFU counting. The chemical analysis revealed that (E)-cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and (E)-cinnamyl acetate were the main compounds in the CZEO, representing 77.42, 8.17 and 4.50%, respectively. Two strains of three different species, S. saprophyticus, S. schleiferi and S. pseudintermedius, were identified. The disk-diffusion test showed an inhibitory zone diameter, ranging from 34.0 to 49.5 mm, while the MIC and MBC values were around 500 and 1000 µg/mL. SubMIC demonstrated an inhibition on biofilm formation against 4 out the 6 strains tested. On mature biofilm, the CZEO-based supraMIC groups had slightly change on biomass, however, the biofilm cell viability decreased the CFU in 3 magnitude orders.

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