Evaluation of whisker stress in cats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2093019
Author(s):  
Jennifer E Slovak ◽  
Taylor E Foster
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Food Dish ◽  
Measured Amount ◽  
Dry Food ◽  
Normal Food ◽  
Time Eating

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine if cats fed from a commercially advertised whisker-friendly dish vs their normal food dish would spend more time at the food dish, eat more and drop less food. Methods Forty indoor cats were enrolled in the study. Owners fasted their cats for 12 h and fed them their normal measured amount of dry food in their normal dish. Owners filmed their cats eating for up to 5 mins, and measured how much food was eaten and dropped from the dish. Owners then switched to feeding their cats from a whisker-friendly dish for a 7-day transition period. Following this transition, owners were instructed to fast their cats for 12 h and then feed them their normal food from the new dish and film them eating, as previously described. The following day the owners offered food in both dishes to determine their cat’s preference. Results No evidence was found that eating from the whisker-friendly dish increased the amount of time spent eating ( P = 0.8), decreased the amount of food dropped ( P = 0.9) or increased the amount of food eaten ( P = 0.7). The estimated probability for the cats to prefer the whisker-friendly dish was 0.74 with a 95% confidence interval. Conclusions and relevance Cats fed from a whisker-friendly dish did not spend more time eating, drop less food or eat more food in a 5-min period. Some cats appeared to prefer the new whisker-friendly dish over their normal food dish. Overall, food dish-associated whisker stress did not affect the eating habits of the study cats.

scholarly journals Ex situ protection of the European mudminnow (Umbra krameri Walbaum, 1792): Spawning substrate preference for larvae rearing under controlled conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balázs Kucska ◽  
Péter Kabai ◽  
Juraj Hajdú ◽  
Levente Várkonyi ◽  
Dániel Varga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Substrate Preference ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Endangered Fish ◽  
Spawning Substrate ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Artificial Surface ◽  
Dry Food ◽  
Umbra Krameri

Captive breeding programs of endangered fish species, such as the European mudminnow Umbra krameri, are essential for population restoration. To improve captive spawning and larvae rearing under controlled conditions, two experiments were carried out. In the first, the spawning substrate preference was tested in triplicate, where five different types of artificial surface were provided for mudminnow pairs:(i)sand, (ii)artificial plants, (iii)gravel, (iv)sand + artificial plants and(v)gravel + artificial plants. All fish preferred the gravel + artificial plant combination, which indicates that this type of surface could be the most appropriate for spawning in captivity. In the second trial, three feeding protocols were tested in triplicate under controlled conditions. In the first treatment fish were fed exclusively with Artemia nauplii; in the second treatment fish were fed with Artemiafor the first ten days then Artemia was gradually replaced with dry feed; for the third group the transition period started after 5 days of Artemia feeding. Although the survival rate of larvae could be maintained at a high level in some of the feeding protocols, a strong decrease in the growth rate was obvious in all diets containing dry food, which means that live food is essential for the first three weeks of mudminnow larvae rearing.

scholarly journals BEHAVIOURAL CHANGES WITH AGE IN A SAMPLE OF PAKISTANI ADOLESCENTS

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-84
Author(s):  
Huzefa Jibril ◽  
Hafiz Noman Saleem ◽  
Syed Danish Naseem ◽  
Karam Khan ◽  
Aqal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Risky Behaviour ◽  
Behavioural Changes ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Adolescent Behaviour ◽  
Healthy Eating Habits ◽  
Increasing Trends ◽  
Grade 8

Introduction: As adolescents move from being children to young adults, behavioural modifications occur during this transition period. Studies from other countries have shown decreasing physical activity and increasing use of alcohol and tobacco. Such studies have allowed interventions to be developed that have led to better outcomes. This study aims to identify areas of concern to allow target interventions to be developed. Objectives: Identify behavioural changes that occur in adolescents as they progress through school. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was developed consisting of 28 questions on various categories. 2 schools of Karachi were chosen and permission was obtained from the principal of the respective schools. The questionnaire was administered to students of grade 6, 8 and 10 in the classroom after obtaining informed consent. Results: A total of 603 students participated in the study. 191 students were from grade 6, 197 were from grade 8 and 215 were from grade 10. Physical activity and healthy eating habits decreased moving from grade 6 to grade 10. Increasing trends were seen in internet use, cigarette smoking and sheesha use. Parental involvement in their children's studying was less amongst students of grade 10 then students of grade 6 and grade 8. Conclusion: As indicated by previous studies adolescent behaviour seems to be becoming more unproductive as adolescents progress through school. Unhealthy eating habits, decreased physical activity and increased risky behaviour were seen in adolescents in higher grades. Some of this behaviour appear to get progressively worse as the student progresses through school while others occur at specific times.

scholarly journals The frequency of snacking and night-time eating habits in the adult obese patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaudia Wiśniewska ◽  
Klaudia Ślusarczyk ◽  
Beata Jabłonowska-Lietz ◽  
Małgorzata Wrzosek
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Time Eating

AbstractIntroductionObesity is currently one of the world's most serious health problems and the number of obese people is constantly increasing. Unhealthy food habits, especially snacking and eating at night, result in increased energy intake and subsequently lead to weight gain. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of snacking and night-time eating among obese patients.Materials and MethodsThe study involved 476 obese people. For all subjects, anthropometric measurements (body weight and height) were taken and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Blood tests were also performed, including total cholesterol and fasting glucose levels. Data concerning the age and detailed clinical history of each patient were collected from the medical records. Survey questionnaires were used to assess eating habits, including the prevalence of snacking and night-time eating.ResultsThe patients’ average age was 42.9 ± 11.9 and the BMI was in the range of 32.3–58.8. The majority of the participants (63%) had a BMI above 40 kg/m2, 26% of them had a BMI in the range of 35–39.9 kg/m2, and 11% of the subjects had class I obesity (BMI: 30.0–34.9 kg/m2). In the study group, 32% of the patients had type 2 diabetes, while 12% had pre-diabetes. In addition, 42% of the patients exhibited total cholesterol levels above 190 mg/dl and in the case of 52% of the patients, LDL cholesterol levels exceeded 115 mg/dl. The habit of snacking was characteristic for 89% of the respondents and 50% admitted to eating at night. Sweet foods were indicated as a snack of choice by 57% of the survey participants. A positive association between snacking and eating at night was also observed (OR = 11.55, 95% CI: 4.51–29.6 p < 0.0001).Conclusions/DiscussionThe study has demonstrated that snacking is very common among the surveyed obesity patients. What is more, it is often accompanied by night-time eating. The obtained results show how important it is to focus on actions aimed at helping the patients change their eating habits.

scholarly journals Hubungan Pola Makan dengan Kejadian Depresi pada Penderita Dispepsia Fungsional

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Yuriko Andre ◽  
Rizanda Machmud ◽  
Arina Widya Murni
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Functional Dyspepsia ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Computerized System

AbstrakKetidakteraturan makan seperti kebiasaan makan yang buruk, tergesa-gesa, dan jadwal yang tidak teratur dapat menyebabkan dispepsia. Penderita depresi harus ditangani dengan sungguh-sungguh karena dikhawatirkan penderita depresi sangat tidak memperhatikan kesehatan dirinya seperti tidak mematuhi pola makan atau pola makannya menjadi tidak teratur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pola makan dengan kejadian depresi pada penderita dispepsia fungsional. Penelitian bersifat analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Subjek penelitian adalah 40 orang penderita dispepsia fungsional. Penelitian dilakukan di kota Padang dengan menggunakan data pasien dispepsia fungsional bulan Januari-Desember 2011. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada periode Juni-November 2012 dan pengolahan data dilakukan dengan uji korelasi menggunakan sistem komputerisasi. Hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai peluang Odd Ratio (OR) dengan Confidence Interval (CI) 95% pada penderita depresi berpeluang sebesar 4.500 kali lebih besar memiliki pola makan tidak teratur dibandingkan dengan tidak depresi serta menunjukkan derajat hubungan yang cukup kuat dengan tarif signifikansi (p) 0.025 (p < 0.05). Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara pola makan dengan kejadian depresi pada penderita dispepsia fungsional.Kata kunci: pola makan, depresi, dispepsia fungsionalAbstractIrregularity of meals as poor eating habits, unhurried, and irregular schedules may cause dyspepsia. Patients with depression should be treated seriously because it was feared people with depression do not pay attention to their own health so as not to comply with the diet or eating patterns become irregular. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship of diet to the incidence of depression in patients with functional dyspepsia. The research is analytic cross sectional design. The subjects were 40 people of functional dyspepsia patients. The study was conducted in the Padang City with functional dyspepsia patients using data from January to December 2011. Data collection was conducted during the period of June to November 2012 and the data processing used correlation test by computerized system. The result was the probability odds ratios (OR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) in patients with depression were 4,500 times more likely to have irregular diet compared with non-depressed ones and showed a strong degree of correlation with the significance of correlation (p) 0.025 (p <0.05). There is a significant relationship between the diet and the incidence of depression in patients with functional dyspepsia.Keywords:diet, depression, functional dyspepsia

scholarly journals KEBIASAAN MAKAN, AKTIVITAS FISIK DAN INDEKS MASSA TUBUH (IMT) MAHASISWA S-1 UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET SURAKARTA

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Aisyah Nurkhopipah ◽  
Ari Natalia Probandari ◽  
Sapja Anantanyu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Student College ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Bagian penting dari mahasiswa adalah mereka mengalami masa transisi kuat dengan perubahanlingkungan yang ditandai dengan pola makan yang tidak sehat dan kurang aktivitas Þ sik yangmenempatkan mahasiswa pada risiko yang lebih besar dari kenaikan berat badan. Kelebihan beratbadan dan obesitas terjadi pada mahasiswa, menurut Centers for Disease Control (CDC), prevalensiobesitas pada mahasiswa laki-laki adalah 29,5% dan pada mahasiswa perempuan sebesar 32,6%.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan kebiasaan makan dan aktivitas Þ sik denganIndeks Massa Tubuh mahasiswa S-1 UNS. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik denganpendekatan Cross Sectional. Subjek penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa program studi S-1 UNSpada tahun 2016 yaitu sejumlah 24.826 orang. Data dianalisis dengan chi square dan regresi logisticmultinomial. Hasil uji korelasi chi square, menunjukkan bahwa kebiasaan makan tidak berhubungansecara signiÞ kan dengan IMT Normal-Kurus ataupun IMT Normal-Gemuk (p = 0,193 & p = 0,446),sedangkan aktivitas Þ sik mempunyai hubungan yang signiÞ kan dengan IMT Normal-Gemuk (p =0,029),tetapi tidak berhubungan dengan IMT normal-kurus (p=0,655). Kesimpulan dalam penelitianini adalah tidak terdapat hubungan yang signiÞ kan antara kebiasaan makan dengan IMT normalkurusataupun IMT normal-gemuk. Tidak ada hubungan antara aktiÞ tas Þ sik dengan IMT normal-kurusnamun terdapat hubungan yang signiÞ kan antara variable aktivitas Þ sik dengan IMT normal-gemuk. Kata kunci: kebiasaan, makan, aktivitas Þ sik, mahasiswa, IMT.The important part of the students is that they experience a strong transition period with environmentalchanges characterized by an unhealthy diet and lack of physical activity that puts students at greaterrisk of weight gain. Overweight and obesity occurs in college students, according to the Centers forDisease Control (CDC), the prevalence of obesity in male students is 29.5% and in female students32.6%. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between eating habits and physicalactivity with the body mass index of S-1 UNS students. Type of observational analytic research withCross Sectional approach. The subjects of this study are all S-1 students of UNS program in 2016 thatis 24,826 people. Data were analyzed by chi square and multinomial logistic regression. The result ofchi square correlation test showed that Eating Habits did not correlate signiÞ cantly with Normal BMI- Thin or Normal BMI - Overweight (p = 0,193 & p = 0,446), whereas Physical Activity had signiÞ cantrelation with Normal BMI – Overweight (p = 0,029 ), But not related to normal BMI-thin (p = 0.655).Conclusion of the research is there was no signiÞ cant association between eating habits with normalBMI-thin or normal-fat BMI. There was no relationship between physical activity and normal BMI-butthere was a signiÞ cant relationship between physical activity variables and normal-fat BMI.Keywords:Eating Habits, Physical Activity, student college, BMI.

scholarly journals Elderly persons who live alone in Brazil and their lifestyle

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne Larissa Duim Negrini ◽  
Carla Ferreira do Nascimento ◽  
Alexandre da Silva ◽  
José Leopoldo Ferreira Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Characteristics Method ◽  
Health Related

Abstract Objective: to assess the prevalence of elderly persons living alone in Brazil, based on covariates of health status, behavior and socio-demographic characteristics. Method: data from 11,967 individuals (aged 60 or over) were obtained from the National Health Survey (Brazil, 2013). Living alone was defined as residing in a one-person household. The prevalence of individuals living alone was stratified by socio-demographic conditions and geographic region. Living alone was also assessed as a factor for outcomes of physical functioning, behavior and health conditions. Poisson regression models were used to evaluate the prevalence ratios and a 95% confidence interval was applied. Results: in Brazil, 15.3% of people aged 60 years and over live alone. This condition is more prevalent in higher income regions; however, more lower-income individuals were affected. Prevalence was higher among women and individuals aged 75 years or more. Living alone was associated with difficulties in instrumental activities of daily living (prevalence ratio 1.15; 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.28); the reporting of an illness in the two prior to the study (PR=1.35; 95%CI=1.16-1.57); watching television (five or more hours daily) (PR=1.40; 95%CI=1.26-1.56) and falls in the previous year (PR=1.35; 95%CI=1.10-1.66). Elderly persons living alone also had worse eating habits, with a less frequent intake of meat, beans and salads than their counterparts who lived with others. Conclusion: elderly persons living alone in Brazil have a worse health status and health-related habits. These findings represent a challenge and should motivate social and health policies aimed at fulfilling the greater needs of adults who grow old alone.

scholarly journals Food consumption patterns among university students in Indonesia during the transition period in new Normal Era of Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 883 (1) ◽  
pp. 012008
Author(s):  
A E Yunianto ◽  
K Kristiandi ◽  
M Darawati ◽  
T H Doloksaribu ◽  
I Anggraeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Eating Frequency ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Side Dishes

Abstract The Covid-19 outbreak that occurred in Indonesia affected all aspects of community life, including students, especially in food consumption patterns. Our study aims to investigate the differences in eating habits of health and non-health students during the transition period to the new normal era. This study used a cross-sectional design with a sample of 5,924 students. The questionnaire was in the form of an e-survey with a google form. The students' diet was obtained using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The Mann Whitney test was used to analyze the differences in dietary patterns between health and non-health majors. There was a significant difference in student consumption patterns including daily eating habits (p = 0.002), consumption of animal side dishes (p = 0.000), vegetable consumption (p = 0.000), water consumption (p = 0.000), changes in eating frequency (p = 0.013) and changes in the amount of food consumed (p = 0.008). There were differences in consumption patterns between students majoring in health and non-health during the transition period. A good diet is needed in increasing immunity in students during the transition period.

Development of apical pits in chloride cells of the gills of Pimephales promelas after chronic exposure to acid water

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 462-463
Author(s):  
Richard L. Leino ◽  
Jon G. Anderson ◽  
J. Howard McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Untreated Water ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Flow Through

Groups of 12 fathead minnows were exposed for 129 days to Lake Superior water acidified (pH 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 or 6.5) with reagent grade H2SO4 by means of a multichannel toxicant system for flow-through bioassays. Untreated water (pH 7.5) had the following properties: hardness 45.3 ± 0.3 (95% confidence interval) mg/1 as CaCO3; alkalinity 42.6 ± 0.2 mg/1; Cl- 0.03 meq/1; Na+ 0.05 meq/1; K+ 0.01 meq/1; Ca2+ 0.68 meq/1; Mg2+ 0.26 meq/1; dissolved O2 5.8 ± 0.3 mg/1; free CO2 3.2 ± 0.4 mg/1; T= 24.3 ± 0.1°C. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd gills were subsequently processed for LM (methacrylate), TEM and SEM respectively.Three changes involving chloride cells were correlated with increasing acidity: 1) the appearance of apical pits (figs. 2,5 as compared to figs. 1, 3,4) in chloride cells (about 22% of the chloride cells had pits at pH 5.0); 2) increases in their numbers and 3) increases in the % of these cells in the epithelium of the secondary lamellae.

Treatment Considerations for Adolescents Who Exhibit Cognitive/Communication Problems: A Neuroscience Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1767-1775
Author(s):  
Martha S. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Social Communication ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Communication Problems ◽  
Treatment Considerations ◽  
Behavioral Growth

Purpose Adolescence is a period of substantial neurophysiological and behavioral growth, representing a second sensitive period of brain development. It is a psychological and social transition period between childhood and adulthood with many beneficial changes occurring, especially with respect to potential responsiveness to clinical intervention. However, adolescent behavioral complexities introduce clinical challenges as well. The purpose of this review article is to review the current neuroimaging research on neurophysiological changes observed during adolescence and the cognitive and social behavioral counterparts, with specific attention to the clinical implications. The review article will then summarize currently available intervention tools that can be utilized by speech-language pathologists working with this population. It will conclude with available evidence-based social-communication approaches that may be applicable as well as available evidence-based supplemental technological cognitive interventions that may be useful in working with adolescents who exhibit language and communication issues. Conclusion As a transition period between childhood and adulthood, adolescence represents a second sensitive period during which there is opportunity for clinically derived beneficial cognitive and communication growth.

The Fundamentals of the Clinical Fellowship Experience

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Melanie Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Professional Experience ◽  
New Graduate ◽  
Independent Practitioner

The Clinical Fellowship Experience is described by the American Speech-Hearing-Language Association (ASHA) as the transition period from constant supervision to independent practitioner. It is typically the first paid professional experience for the new graduate, and may be in a setting with which the new clinician has little or even no significant practical experience. The mentor of a clinical fellow (CF) plays an important role in supporting the growth and development of this new professional in areas that extend beyond application of clinical skills and knowledge. This article discusses how the mentor may provide this support within a framework that facilitates the path to clinical independence.

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