Psychosocial challenges and concerns of COVID-19: A qualitative study in Iran

As the world struggles to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, it is critical that the psychosocial aspects related to health are attended to in addition to biological aspects. To this end, the present study aimed to explore the challenges and concerns facing people affected by COVID-19. This qualitative study was conducted using the content analysis method. A total of 25 people affected by COVID-19 were selected purposefully and administered semi-structured interviews. The sampling continued until data saturation. Coding and analysis of data were performed simultaneously using the Granheim method. After reviewing codes, checking the consistency and comparing categories, 5 categories, and 15 subcategories were explored. The most important psychosocial challenges of COVID-19 included the lack of accurate and timely dissemination of information, the intensification of economic problems, psychological instability, weakness in social prevention, and the suspension of social rituals. Identifying the psychosocial challenges and problems of people who faced by pandemic diseases such as COVID-19, and developing appropriate and timely planning for managing them can lead to designing effective strategies for prevention, treatment, and recovery of affected communities.

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The Meaning of the Empathetic Nurse–Patient Communication: A Qualitative Study

Journal of Patient Experience ◽

10.1177/23743735211056432 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 237437352110564

Author(s):

Atye Babaii ◽

Eesa Mohammadi ◽

Afsaneh Sadooghiasl

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Patient Communication ◽

Hospital Nurses ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Content Analysis Method ◽

Data Saturation ◽

Professional Care

Nurse–patient communication is the foremost step in providing professional care. Nurses can use effective communication as a simple and powerful tool to create comfort, happiness, and vitality to reduce the patient's grief and suffering. This study aimed to explain the nurses’ perception of empathetic nurse–patient communication. This qualitative study was conducted with a content analysis method in 2020. Seventeen hospital nurses were recruited with maximum variation from the educational hospitals affiliated to Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran, and semi-structured interviews were conducted until data saturation was reached. Data analysis was performed using Graneheim and Lundman approach. Nurses establish empathetic communication with patients through three main categories of: (1) having humanistic and unique behaviors with the patients; (2) providing a calm and happy environment for the patients; and (3) reducing the patients’ fear and consolation to them. These findings indicate empathetic communication that is appropriate to the conditions and needs of hospitalized patients. The three main categories were accomplished through 14 subcategories. The finding of this study can help to develop a training framework of empathetic nurse–patient communication and design instruments for measuring it.

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Professors’ Attitudes Toward Considering Spirituality and Spiritual Counseling and Training During Medical Education Among Medical Students: A Qualitative Study

Journal of Molecular Biology Research ◽

10.5539/jmbr.v8n1p74 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 74

Author(s):

Golnaz Mazaheri Nejad Fard ◽

Ali Asghar Asgharnejad Farid ◽

Neda Shahvaroughi Farahani ◽

Zeinab Ghaempanah ◽

Mohammad Reza Pirmoradi

Keyword(s):

Medical Education ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Content Analysis Method ◽

Conventional Content Analysis ◽

Convenience Sampling ◽

Spiritual Counseling ◽

Spiritual Problems ◽

And Training

Background and aim: Spirituality is considered as one of the dimensions of health, along with physical, psychological and social health which includes an element of excellence and transcendence. However, it is unclear whether contemporary medical professors in Iran still considering this concept in their training program. This study assesses the professors' attitude toward considering spirituality and spiritual counseling and training during medical education among medical students.Materials and methods: This is a qualitative study with conventional content analysis method. 43 participants, who were main stakeholders in medical education were selected by convenience sampling. Data were collected using structured interviews from September to October 2017, which continued until data saturation.Ethical consideration: the principles of ethics and integrity in the research, citation and literature analysis were taken into consideration.Finding: Three main themes and their categories were extracted from analysis of data. The themes are (1) helping to solve the students' spiritual problems and challenges (2), Psycho-spiritual characteristics of medical student (3), training spiritual concepts.Conclusion: A majority of professors acknowledged the use of spirituality concepts in medical education. It seems that implementation of such programs requires attention to facilitating factors and challenges proposed by those involved.

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The Perceptions of Families of Comatose Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: A Qualitative Study

Journal of Client-centered Nursing Care ◽

10.32598/jccnc.7.1.348.1 ◽

2121 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 9-16

Author(s):

Mansoureh Karimollahi ◽

◽

Zahra Tazakori ◽

Roghiyeh Falahtabar ◽

Mehdi Ajri-Khameslou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Qualitative Content Analysis ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Patient Status ◽

Content Analysis Method ◽

The Family ◽

Data Saturation

Background: There are specific challenges regarding the perceptions of families of comatose patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Identifying these perceptions may attract the cooperation of families with nurses and provide better care for patients. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of families of comatose patients in ICUs. Methods: This was a qualitative content-analysis study. Seventeen families with comatose patients were recruited by the purposive sampling technique. The necessary data were generated by semi-structured interviews, continued until data saturation, and concurrently analyzed by an inductive content analysis method. Results: Four main categories were manifested, including shock and disbelief, the effort for adaptation, exhaustion, and burnout, as well as hope and support. Conclusion: The obtained results signified the importance of nurses’ awareness concerning the family members’ perceptions of their comatose patient status in ICUs. The relevant findings reflected the need for nurses to pay attention to the feelings and emotions of the families of these patients.

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The People’s Right To Choose their Healthcare Services: View Point of Health Managers

Evidence Based Health Policy Management and Economics ◽

10.18502/jebhpme.v5i1.5646 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elaheh Parnian ◽

Ali Aboutorabi ◽

Mohammadreza Sheikhy-Chaman ◽

Arya Sakhidel Hovasin ◽

Zanyar Soltani

Keyword(s):

Sampling Method ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

Free Access ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

The Past ◽

Content Analysis Method ◽

Data Saturation ◽

The Right

Background: People, as the main recipients of healthcare services, consider themselves entitled to the right to choose in the health system. This study aimed to investigate people’s right to choose and freedom about healthcare services from healthcare managers’ perspective. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in 2020. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 healthcare managers. Then, the snowball sampling method continued until data saturation level was achieved. All interviews were recorded, analyzed, and the main themes were extracted. MAXQDA10 was used for data analysis using content analysis method. Results: The people’s rights to choose their healthcare services were categorized into five main themes: people’s awareness of their right to choose, freedom of choice regarding receiving or not receiving services, government guidelines and policies, choice of hygienic services and medical services in a special way, and barriers to free access to services. Conclusion: Recently, more attention is paid to social values in health systems than in the past, and people have more freedom and choices. On the other hand, to strengthen social justice foundations, there is a need for comprehensive policies and planning in various aspects.

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How Is Developing the Sense of Belonging in Iranian Adolescent Girls? A Qualitative Study

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2018.170 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 885-890

Author(s):

Mahsa Mousavi ◽

Mohsen Shahriari ◽

Mehrdad Salehi ◽

Shahnaz Kohan

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Study ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Sense Of Belonging ◽

Parental Education ◽

Gender Socialization ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Content Analysis Method ◽

Community Belonging ◽

Data Saturation ◽

Opposite Sex

BACKGROUND: Communicating with adolescents is associated with many challenges for parents and healthcare providers.AIM: This qualitative study was conducted for exploring the sense of belonging in Iranian adolescent girls.METHODS: In this study, deep semi-structured interviews were carried out with 27 adolescent girls, 10 experts, and 10 parents. Purposeful sampling was used and continued until data saturation. The data were coded and categorised through a conventional content analysis method by MAXQDA 10.RESULTS: Three main categories were obtained from the analysis of the participants’ descriptions: "family; a haven of tranquillity", "dominated by peers", and "concerns about differences in gender socialization". According to our results, most of the girls achieved calmness through being emotionally accepted by their families. But this sense of belonging and tranquillity was shaken by their peers’ showing off, in a way that adolescent girls were always struggling to gain acceptance among their peers. Also for fear of being rejected by their peers’ group, they sometimes began to make friends with the opposite sex. Meanwhile, traditional attitudes towards gender roles and adolescent girls' feelings about their lower social participation as compared to that of boys had also led to their concern about differences in gender socialization and a lower sense of community belonging among some adolescent girls.CONCLUSION: Adequate parental education and the proper management of girls’ interactions with the family and society can play an important role in the development of a sense of belonging among adolescent girls.

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Hope Facilitators in Parents with Children Suffering from Cerebral Palsy: A Qualitative Study

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.5812/ijpbs.107430 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol In Press (In Press) ◽

Author(s):

Hossein Alibakhshi ◽

Manoochehr Azkhosh ◽

Bahman Bahmani ◽

Mohammad Saeed Khanjani ◽

Farahnaz Mohammadi Shahboulaghi

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Content Analysis ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Ample Evidence ◽

Content Analysis Method ◽

Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽

Data Saturation ◽

Promising Treatment

Background: There is ample evidence indicating that the parents of children with cerebral palsy report the experience of hope, despite all problems to which they are exposed. Objectives: This study aimed to explain the factors facilitating hope regarding the experiences of parents having children suffering from cerebral palsy. Methods: This qualitative study was carried out using the content analysis method. The experiments of 17 parents (11 females and 6 males) having children with cerebral palsy were collected in in-depth unstructured interviews in 2019, and then content analysis was performed using Strauss and Corbin’s approach. The purposive sampling method was used as long as data saturation was reached. After that, the collected data were analyzed using the content analysis method. Results: In this study, several factors were extracted as facilitators of hope in parents of children with cerebral palsy. These effective facilitating factors were classified into four main categories: promising treatment, positive beliefs, motivational drivers, and support networks. Conclusions: Various factors can be effective in promoting hope in parents of children with cerebral palsy, the detection of which would help developing educational and counseling programs and providing support for such parents.

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Healthcare and Terrorism: The Lebanese Experience

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness ◽

10.1017/dmp.2021.26 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Nooreddine Iskandar ◽

Tatiana Rahbany ◽

Ali Shokor

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Thematic Analysis ◽

Terrorist Attacks ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Security Issues ◽

The Face ◽

The Common ◽

First Time

Abstract Background: Due to the common instability caused by political and security issues, Lebanese hospitals have experienced acts of terrorism multiple times. The most recent Beirut Explosion even forced several hospitals to cease operations for the first time in decades—but studies show the preparedness levels for such attacks in similar countries are low. Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the experience of Lebanese hospitals with terrorist attacks. Methods: This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews with various stakeholders to assess their experience with terrorist bombings. Data was analyzed using the thematic analysis method. Results: The researchers found that Lebanese hospitals vary greatly in their structures and procedures. Those differences are a function of 3 contextual factors: location, culture, and accreditation status. Hospitals found near ‘dangerous zones’ were more likely to be aware and to have better response to such events. A severe lack of communication, unity of command, and collaboration between stakeholders has made the process fragmented. Conclusion: The researchers recommend a larger role for the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) in this process, and the creation of a platform where Lebanese organizations can share their experiences to improve preparedness and resilience of the Lebanese healthcare system in the face of terrorism.

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White lie during patient care: A qualitative study of nurses’ perspectives

10.21203/rs.2.24636/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alireza Nikbakht nasrabadi ◽

soodabeh joolaee ◽

Elham Navab ◽

Maryam esmaeilie ◽

mahboobe shali

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Study ◽

Patient Care ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Cultural Knowledge ◽

Hospital Nurses ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Related Factors ◽

Patient’S Rights ◽

Wide Range ◽

Data Saturation

Abstract Background: Keeping the patients well and fully informed about diagnosis, prognosis, and treatments is one of the patient’s rights in any healthcare system. Although all healthcare providers have the same viewpoint about rendering the truth in treatment process, sometimes the truth is not told to the patients; that is why the healthcare staff tell “white lie” instead. This study aimed to explore the nurses’ experience of white lies during patient care. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted from June to December 2018. Eighteen hospital nurses were recruited with maximum variation from ten state-run educational hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Purposeful sampling was used and data were collected by semi-structured interviews that were continued until data saturation. Data were classified and analyzed by content analysis approach. Results: The data analysis in this study resulted in four main categories and eleven subcategories. The main categories included hope crisis, bad news, cultural diversity, and nurses’ limited professional competences. Conclusion: Results of the present study showed that, white lie told by nurses during patient care may be due to a wide range of patient, nurse and/or organizational related factors. Communication was the main factor that influenced information rendering. Nurses’ communication with patients should be based on mutual respect, trust and adequate cultural knowledge, and also nurses should provide precise information to patients, so that they can make accurate decisions regarding their health care.

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Psychological Distress in Iranian Military Personnel: A Qualitative Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-95007/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Azizeh Alizadeh1 ◽

Behnaz Dowran ◽

maryam azizi ◽

Seyed -Hossein Salimi

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Military Personnel ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Military Organization ◽

Military Members ◽

Data Saturation ◽

The Military

Abstract Background: Military personnel are likely to encounter mental health problems due to High-risk occupations associated with significant levels of psychological distress. The aim of the present study was to explore psychological distress experienced by Iranian military personnel. Methods: The present qualitative study was conducted on 15 Iranian military personnel. Purposeful sampling was used to select the participants and continued until data saturation was reached. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and then the qualitative data were analyzed through direct content analysis. Results: By analyzing show 395 primary codes, 2 main categories, including demands and resources were extracted from the experiences of military members. The categories included several sub-categories, which were classified according to their significant characteristics. Findings of this study ascertain that different factors affect the military member’s psychological distress.Conclusions: Military organization and leaders should consider the factors of psychological distress that raised by specialists, and assign policies to improve their mental health. According to the present results, it is recommended that the process of psychological distress in military members be investigated further.

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Barriers to Breastfeeding in Disasters in the Context of Iran

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x18001243 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 20-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mandana MirMohamadaliIe ◽

Reza Khani Jazani ◽

Sanaz Sohrabizadeh ◽

Alireza Nikbakht Nasrabadi

Keyword(s):

Training Programs ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Artificial Nutrition ◽

System Support ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Maternal Factors ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Publication Type ◽

Special Equipment ◽

Content Analysis Method

AbstractIntroductionNatural disasters have many effects on vulnerable groups, especially infants and children. Protecting breastfeeding in disasters is important, because artificial feeding puts a lot of risk to the child. In disasters, artificial nutrition is dangerous to children and its supplementation requires special equipment. There is little information on the nutritional status of infants after disasters in Iran.ProblemThe purpose of this study was to explore the barriers to appropriate lactation after disasters in Iran.MethodThis was a qualitative study using a content analysis method. A total of 19 midwives with disaster-relief experiences were approached for interview. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was performed using the Graneheim’s approach.ResultsThe categories of maternal factors, neonatal factors, management factors, and context-base factors were extracted from the data.ConclusionThe challenges of social support, mothers’ self-efficacy, educated staff for disasters, and privacy for breastfeeding can be considered as important barriers to breastfeeding in disasters. Training programs, as well as health system support, can help overcome the breastfeeding barriers in disasters.MirMohamadaliIeM, Khani JazaniR, SohrabizadehS, Nikbakht NasrabadiA. Barriers to breastfeeding in disasters in the context of Iran. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2019;34(1):20–24.

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