Coaches’ internal model of the tennis serve technique: Knowing or understanding?

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412098487
Author(s):  
Yulia Fetisova ◽  
James Zois ◽  
Michael Spittle ◽  
Andrew Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Internal Model ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
Coach Education ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Coach Development ◽  
Tennis Serve ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Main Attribute

The understanding of coaches’ knowledge plays a critical role in coach development. This study aimed to examine the internal models of expert and novice tennis coaches and to identify the key distinguishing characteristics between levels. Data was captured by in-depth interviews and analysed using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The results revealed that the internal model consisted of seven components including the “functionality” component that has not been reported previously. A significant difference was detected only in three components of the internal model: “reasoning chains”, “concepts” and “key flexion points”. The findings led to the conclusion that the main attribute of tennis coaching expertise is not pure technical knowledge but rather the perception of technique as a whole movement and the ability to understand the connection between technical elements. The findings provide a valuable contribution to tennis coach development as it can be applied in coach education to facilitate novice coach development processes.

scholarly journals Platelet Depletion is Effective in Ameliorating Anxiety-Like Behavior and Reducing the Pro-Inflammatory Environment in the Hippocampus in Murine Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pece Kocovski ◽  
Xiangrui Jiang ◽  
Claretta D’Souza ◽  
Zhenjiang Li ◽  
Phuc Dang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Platelet Depletion ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

The neuropsychiatric symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS), such as anxiety and depression, can result from disease activity itself as well as psychological reaction to an unfavorable diagnosis. Accordingly, the literature reports evidence of increased anxiety-like behavior in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an accepted MS model. Due to the recently described critical role of platelets in inflammation and autoimmune disease, we examined the relationship between platelets, inflammation, and anxiety-like behavior in EAE. In the elevated plus maze, EAE-induced C57BL/6J mice showed decreased time spent in the open arms relative to vehicle-only controls, demonstrating an increase in anxiety-like behavior. This effect occurred in the presence of platelet–neuron association, but absence of lymphocytic infiltration, in the hippocampal parenchyma. Platelet depletion at the pre-clinical disease stage, using antibody-mediated lysis prevented the EAE-induced increase in anxiety-like behavior, while no significant difference in distance moved was recorded. Furthermore, platelet depletion was also associated with reduction of the pro-inflammatory environment to control levels in the hippocampus and prevention of EAE disease symptomology. These studies demonstrate the high efficacy of a platelet-targeting approach in preventing anxiety-like symptoms and clinical manifestations of EAE and have implications for the treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms in MS.

scholarly journals Murine hepatoma treatment with mature dendritic cells stimulated by Trichinella spiralis excretory/secretory products

Parasite ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Jing Ding ◽  
Xiaolei Liu ◽  
Bin Tang ◽  
Xue Bai ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Antitumor Effect ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tumor Inhibition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Secretory Products

Excretory/Secretory Products (ESPs) of the nematode Trichinella spiralis contain antitumor-active substances that inhibit tumor growth. Mature dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in the antitumor immunity of the organism. As pathogen-derived products, it ought to be discussed whether T. spiralis ESPs will reduce the antitumor effect of mature DCs from the host before it is applied to patients’ tumors. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the immunological effect of DCs stimulated by T. spiralis ESPs in H22 tumor-bearing mice. H22 tumor model mice in this study were randomly divided into four groups according to the treatment: PBS control group, ESP group, DCs group, and DCs stimulated with T. spiralis ESP (ESP+DCs group). The antitumor effect was evaluated by tumor inhibition rate and cytokine detection using ELISA. The results showed significant inhibition in tumor growth in the ESP+DCs, DCs and ESP groups when compared with the PBS control group (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, and p < 0.05, respectively). However, no significant difference was observed on tumor inhibition rates between the ESP+DCs and DCs groups. The decrease in IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10, and the increase in IFN-γ between the DCs and ESP+DCs groups were also not significant. Therefore, DCs stimulated by ESP did not reduce the antitumor effect of mature DCs, which demonstrated that the T. spiralis ESP would not affect the antitumor effect of mature DCs by modulating the immune response of the host, and that ESPs are safe in antitumor immunology when applied in a tumor model mice.

Understanding Performance Coach Development: Perceptions About a Postgraduate Coach Education Program

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Araya ◽  
Andrew Bennie ◽  
Donna O’Connor
Keyword(s):  
Informal Learning ◽  
Community Of Practice ◽  
Formal Learning ◽  
Coach Education ◽  
Types Of Knowledge ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Learning Contexts ◽  
Diverse Learning ◽  
Coach Development ◽  
Semistructured Interviews

The purpose of this study was to enrich our understanding of formal coach education settings. We investigated how coaches developed knowledge during a postgraduate tertiary coach education course. We also explored coaches’ perceptions of changes they made to their coaching attitudes, behaviours, skills, and practices as a result of their studies. Semistructured interviews1were conducted with 17 performance coaches. Results revealed that coaches developed knowledge through rich learning situations that were relevant to their coaching context. Furthermore, the three types of knowledge (professional, interpersonal and intrapersonal; Côté & Gilbert, 2009) were fostered in an environment that was socially constructed through a Community of Practice. Coaches felt they were better equipped to develop athlete performance as a result of the knowledge gained through the course. The findings reinforce the importance of developing formal coach education that is learner-centred, provides diverse learning experiences, and embraces informal learning concepts when embedded in formal learning contexts.

The ‘Lieutenants’ of Coaching: How Materiality Shapes Coach Developers’ Practices

Somatechnics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-282
Author(s):  
Jordan Maclean
Keyword(s):  
Network Theory ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Actor Network ◽  
Cd Rom ◽  
Coach Education ◽  
Coach Development ◽  
Material Engagement ◽  
Sport Coaches

One might assume that sport coaches are experts in coaching relationally as they do, after all, have to consider how their lieutenants work together in any given practice. If true, then coach developers, who coach the coaches, might be thought of as superior experts in relational provision. If also true, then a relational inquiry into coach education programmes is necessary for conceptualising learning. But previous conceptualisations of learning have neither considered relational analyses nor viewed learning as something that is not derivative from the coach. In this article, I examine how materials participate in and the ways materiality shapes two coach developers’ practices. Methodologically, I draw inspiration from actor-network theory, which is a sociomaterial approach that focuses on the relations of humans and nonhumans in practices. Methods include the ‘interview to the double’ ( Nicolini 2009 ), followed by observations during two level one coach education programmes: children and youth. Two vignettes of cones and the CD-ROM describe how social and material relations come together and shape coach developers’ practices in surprising and unexpected ways. The coach developers grappled with their ‘educator’ role so that coaches were better prepared to articulate the materiality of practices. Based on my analysis, I conclude by making a case for a material engagement with coach development.

scholarly journals Characterization of Sustainability Leaders and Laggards in the Global Food Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 5072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Pandey ◽  
Natalia Vidal ◽  
Rajat Panwar ◽  
Lubna Nafees
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
Robust Process ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Global Food

The global food industry has a critical role to play in achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Accordingly, global firms in this industry pursue a wide array of sustainability issues. However, it remains unclear as to how leading firms differ from laggard firms in the industry in terms of their overall approach to sustainability and SDGs. To bridge this gap, we conducted in-depth interviews with sixteen experts comprising representatives of global firms, non-government organizations (NGOs), and researchers and academics. First, we identified five sustainability performance criteria—engagement with multi-stakeholder groups (MSGs), measurement of sustainability outcomes, resource commitment by top management, integration of sustainability programs with traditional management systems, and a robust process for the identification of specific sustainability issues or SDGs. Then, we found that leaders and laggards are markedly different in their approaches to pursue these performance criteria.

scholarly journals PRESENT AND FUTURE OF COACH DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH AND PRACTICE

2021 ◽  
pp. 218-230
Author(s):  
Michel Milistetd
Keyword(s):  
Development Research ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Coach Education ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Coach Development ◽  
The Future ◽  
Sport Coaches

The field of sport coach development has changed considerably in the last decades and everything indicates that, in an increasingly volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous world (VUCA world), many other changes will take place. It seems increasingly likely that ways will have to be found to harmonize on-the-job learning with the formal coach education programs from which qualifications are derived. In an attempt to analyze the present and to address some directions for the future of sport coach development research and practice, this insight paper presents the summary of a series of conversations with one of the researchers who has greatly influenced the development of sport coaches over the past 30 years, Professor Pierre Trudel.

scholarly journals O impacto do ecodesign no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos

Revista Foco ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Ricardo Oselame Schiochet
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Legal Requirements ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews

O presente artigo pretende investigar de que forma as mudanças no comportamento do mercado e o crescimento da consciência ambiental tem feito com que os consumidores mudem sua postura e exijam das empresas uma readequação de processos com vistas a adotar métodos de gestão mais alinhados com a questão da sustentabilidade e principalmente dos impactos ambientais de suas ações. Sendo assim, o principal objetivo deste artigo é compreender de que maneira empresas de diferentes segmentos estão implementando os conceitos e ferramentas de ecodesign em seus processos de desenvolvimento de produto. Para tanto, foi realizado um levantamento teórico em periódicos da área, além de um estudo exploratório de campo baseado em entrevistas em profundidade, que mostrou que a motivação das empresas para a adoção de práticas de ecodesign ainda é limitada a cumprir exigências legais, ou como forma de redução de custos. Sob uma perspectiva mercadológica percebe-se que o marketing exerce pouca influência na relação entre o ecodesign e o processo de desenvolvimento de produtos.   This article intends to investigate how changes in market behavior and the growth of environmental awareness have made consumers to change their posture and demand from companies a process readjustment with a view to adopt management methods more in line with sustainability and especially the environmental impacts. Therefore, the main objective of this article is to understand how companies from different segments are implementing ecodesign concepts and tools in their product development processes. For that, a theoretical survey was carried out, as well as an exploratory field study based on in-depth interviews, which showed that the motivation of companies for the adoption of ecodesign practices is still limited to complying legal requirements, or as way of reducing costs.  From a marketing perspective, it is perceived that marketing has little influence on the relationship between ecodesign and product development process.

scholarly journals Acid Challenge on Push-Out Bond Strength of Three Different Tricalcium Silicate Cements: An In-vitro Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Mattapudi Basavaiah Babu ◽  
T. B. V. G. Raju ◽  
N. Mahendra Varma ◽  
Gowtam Dev Dondapati ◽  
Srivalli Podili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Push Out ◽  
Acid Challenge

Aim: To evaluate the impact of environmental pH on intra-radicular dentin push-out bond strengths of MTA, MTA HP, and Biodentine. Materials and Methodology: Freshly extracted human mandibular single-rooted premolars or maxillary anterior incisors that were either intact or contained only small carious lesions were selected.120 mid root dentins is horizontally divided into 1.0 mm thick slices and divided into 3 MTA, MTA HP, BIODENTINE groups. The compressive load is applied at a speed of 0.5 mm/min by exerting a downward pressure on the outer surface of MTA using a 1.00 mm diameter cylindrical stainless-steel plunger. Maximum load to MTA was reported in newtons at the time of dislodgement and converted to megapascals. The 1-way analysis of variance test was used to compare the push-out bond strength of the groups with the same storage time (4 or 34 days), followed by the pair-wise comparison of the Tukey post hoc test. The Student's t-test was used to evaluate 3-group means. At P = .005, the degree of significance was set. Thus the clinical importance of the present study states that considering several factors like microhardness, composition by products, particle sizes and the environmental pH plays a critical role in selection of root end filling material. Results: There was significant difference between groups (P = .001) after 4 days of PBS and Acid condition, where Bio dentine had significantly the highest bond strength. Conclusion: The strength of MTA HP, BIODENTINE, MTA materials at dentine interface increases over 30 days in the storage of PBS solution at pH 7.4, after an initial acid challenge by acetic acid of pH 5.4, which decreases initial bond strength.

scholarly journals Fear, Anger, and Loneliness: Emotional Pain and Referee Attrition in English Grassroots Football

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Paul A. Potrac ◽  
Edward T. Hall ◽  
Adam J. Nichol
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Significant Others ◽  
Symbolic Interactionist ◽  
Emotional Pain ◽  
Interpretive Study ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Socioemotional Experiences ◽  
Depth Interviews

This interpretive study provides original insights into the socioemotional experiences that contributed to referee attrition in English grassroots football. Data were generated using an online survey (n = 251) and in-depth interviews (n = 20) with former referees. Using complementary symbolic interactionist and relational conceptualizations of identity, social interaction, and emotional pain, the analysis addressed the participants’ interpretations of their problematic encounters with the various significant others (e.g., coaches, managers, players, spectators, and administrators) that comprised their respective social networks in grassroots football. Importantly, the participants described several emotionally painful issues related to match day environments, disciplinary proceedings, and deployment and development processes that simultaneously coexisted alongside and exacerbated one another. The findings present important implications for those individuals and governing bodies who are responsible for referee retention.

Learner-Centered Coach Education: Practical Recommendations for Coach Development Administrators

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Paquette ◽  
Pierre Trudel
Keyword(s):  
Coach Education ◽  
Complex Needs ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Learner Centered ◽  
Arduous Task ◽  
Coach Development ◽  
Traditional Programs ◽  
Bridging Research And Practice ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Despite a well-established understanding of the complexity inherent to both learning and sport coaching, programs designed to educate coaches have until recently been guided by pedagogical approaches aligned with rather simplistic views of learning. Thanks to the critical and innovative efforts of coaching scholars to uncover the shortcomings of traditional programs and their guiding epistemic traditions, coach education is becoming increasingly infused with constructivist, learner-centered (LC) strategies to help meet the complex needs of coaches. Although many LC informed recommendations have been offered, rarely do they provide coach development administrators (CDAs) with concrete, practical suggestions. Furthermore, the recommendations are scattered throughout the literature, which makes an already arduous task of bridging research and practice even more difficult for CDAs. Guided by the LC literature, a practical learner-centered teaching (LCT) framework, and previous recommendations presented in the coach education literature, this Best Practices paper presents a theoretically robust and empirically supported collection of practical recommendations for CDAs to support three critical areas of LC coach education: program design, facilitation, and coach engagement.

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