scholarly journals Are statins beneficial for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection?

2021 ◽  
pp. 175717742098204
Author(s):  
Auda Fares ◽  
Dieter Borrmann ◽  
Julius R Ivester
Keyword(s):  
Viral Entry ◽  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Antiviral Therapies ◽  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious, rapidly spreading viral disease and has emerged as a public health emergency of international concern. As of this time, there are no specific antiviral therapies available for the treatment of COVID-19. However, it is possible that some existing drugs, usually used for other conditions, may have some benefits. Statins have been widely reported to exert antiviral activity against many enveloped viruses by inhibiting the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Cholesterol likewise contributes to the coronavirus’s life cycle, including viral entry, fusion and budding. In addition, statins have been ascribed beneficial anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory effects and promote haemodynamic stability. Therefore, statins, which are cholesterol-lowering drugs with anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antiviral properties, may play a role in SARS-CoV-2 therapy. The aim of the present minireview was to delineate the potential beneficial therapeutic effects of statins in treating SARS-CoV-2 infections. Nevertheless, large, randomised trials are needed to confirm the beneficial effects and safety profile of the statins in patients with SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effects of Ginsenoside Rb1 on Early Atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- Mice via Inhibition of Apoptosis and Enhancing Autophagy

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Zhou ◽  
Weijie Xie ◽  
Yun Luo ◽  
Shan Lu ◽  
Ziru Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panax Notoginseng ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Type I ◽  
Ginsenoside Rb1 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Plaque Area ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Early Atherosclerosis

Inflammation is a major contributing factor to the progression of atherosclerosis. Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), an active saponin of Panax notoginseng, has been found to exert beneficial effects on inflammation and oxidative stress. This study investigated the ability of Rb1 to inhibit the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and the potential mechanisms. In this study, the effects of Rb1 on the development of atherosclerosis were investigated in ApoE-/- deficient mice fed with a western diet. Mice were intragastrically administrated with Rb1 (10 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. This study is that ginsenoside Rb1 exerted an inhibitory effect on early atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice via decreasing body weight and food intake daily, upregulating the lipid levels of serum plasma, including those of TC, TG and LDL-C and HDL-C and reducing the atherosclerotic plaque area, suppressing inflammatory cytokines (levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) in the serum of ApoE-/- mice, changing the expression levels of BCL-2, BAX, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 and weakening apoptosis associated with anti-inflammatory activity. Hence, all these effects against atherosclerosis were tightly associated with regulation of necrosis or apoptosis associated with anti-inflammatory activity. Additionally, the results found that ginsenoside Rb1 increased autophagy flux to inhibit apoptosis via acceleration of autophagy by promoting transformation of LC3 from type I to type II in high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. This finding, along with those of the previous study, provides evidence that Rb1 promotes the process of autophagy to protect against atherosclerosis via regulating BCL-2 family-related apoptosis. These results indicate that Rb1 exhibits therapeutic effects in atherosclerosis by reversing the imbalance between apoptosis and autophagy.

scholarly journals PPARβ/δ Is Required for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Cardioprotective Effects Independently of Their Anti-inflammatory Properties in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitirut Nernpermpisooth ◽  
Charlotte Sarre ◽  
Christian Barrere ◽  
Rafaël Contreras ◽  
Patricia Luz-Crawford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infarct Size ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion

Myocardial infarction ranks first for the mortality worldwide. Because the adult heart is unable to regenerate, fibrosis develops to compensate for the loss of contractile tissue after infarction, leading to cardiac remodeling and heart failure. Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) regenerative properties, as well as their safety and efficacy, have been demonstrated in preclinical models. However, in clinical trials, their beneficial effects are controversial. In an experimental model of arthritis, we have previously shown that PPARβ/δ deficiency enhanced the therapeutic effect of MSC. The aim of the present study was to compare the therapeutic effects of wild-type MSC (MSC) and MSC deficient for PPARβ/δ (KO MSC) perfused in an ex vivo mouse model of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. For this purpose, hearts from C57BL/6J mice were subjected ex vivo to 30 min ischemia followed by 1-h reperfusion. MSC and KO MSC were injected into the Langendorff system during reperfusion. After 1 h of reperfusion, the TTC method was used to assess infarct size. Coronary effluents collected in basal condition (before ischemia) and after ischemia at 1 h of reperfusion were analyzed for their cytokine profiles. The dose-response curve for the cardioprotection was established ex vivo using different doses of MSC (3.105, 6.105, and 24.105 cells/heart) and the dose of 6.105 MSC was found to be the optimal concentration. We showed that the cardioprotective effect of MSC was PPARβ/δ-dependent since it was lost using KO MSC. Moreover, cytokine profiling of the coronary effluents collected in the eluates after 60 min of reperfusion revealed that MSC treatment decreases CXCL1 chemokine and interleukin-6 release compared with untreated hearts. This anti-inflammatory effect of MSC was also observed when hearts were treated with PPARβ/δ-deficient MSC. In conclusion, our study revealed that the acute cardioprotective properties of MSC in an ex vivo model of IR injury, assessed by a decreased infarct size at 1 h of reperfusion, are PPARβ/δ-dependent but not related to their anti-inflammatory effects.

A Comparison of the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Four Combined Statin and Antiplatelet Therapies on Tumor Necrosis Factor-Mediated Acute Inflammation in vivo

Pharmacology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okki Cho ◽  
Han-Sol Kim ◽  
Kyung-Yeon Park ◽  
Tae-Hwe Heo
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Combination Therapies ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Background: Combination therapy has been administered to patients with chronic or complex diseases due to its improved therapeutic effects compared with the results of monotherapy. Due to the pleiotropic effects of statins and antiplatelets, these drugs have been studied in combination with other drugs, but not all combinations exerted obvious beneficial effects compared with individual drugs. In this study, we aimed to compare the anti-inflammatory effects of 4 different combination therapies of statins and antiplatelets on the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated inflammation in vivo. Methods: Mice were orally administered cilostazol plus pravastatin (CILOP) or cilostazol plus rosuvastatin (CILOR), clopidogrel plus pravastatin (CLOP), or clopidogrel plus rosuvastatin (CLOR); then, acute inflammation was induced by the injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or TNF. Serum TNF levels, macrophage accumulation in the lesioned aortas, and mouse mortality were observed to be comparable to the anti-inflammatory effects of the combination therapies. Results: In mice with LPS-induced inflammation, CILOP and CILOR substantially reduced macrophage infiltration of aortic lesions and the serum TNF levels compared with CLOP and CLOR. Moreover, among the 4 combinations, CILOP significantly improved the survival rate of mice with TNF-mediated acute lethal inflammation. Conclusions: The combination therapy comprising cilostazol and statins, particularly pravastatin, exerted the best anti-TNF effect compared with clopidogrel and statin therapy; thus, a suitable combination therapy, such as CILOP, can be a potential remedy to cure TNF-related diseases.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Effects of Quercetin on Inflammation, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Chen ◽  
Hongmei Jiang ◽  
Xiaosong Wu ◽  
Jun Fang
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Capillary Permeability ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

In previous studies, abdominal obesity has been related to total low-grade inflammation and in some cases has resulted in insulin resistance and other metabolism related disorders such as diabetes. Quercetin is a polyphenol, which is a derivative of plants, and has been shownin vitroas well as in a few animal models to have several potential anti-inflammatory as well as anticarcinogenic applications. The substance has also been shown to aid in the attenuation of lipid peroxidation, platelet aggregation, and capillary permeability. However, further research is called for to gain a better understanding of how quercetin is able to provide these beneficial effects. This manuscript reviewed quercetin’s anti-inflammatory properties in relation to obesity and type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Cardiac Involvement in COVID-19

Kardiologiia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
A. B. Sugraliyev
Keyword(s):  
Viral Entry ◽  
Cardiac Involvement ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

The novel coronavirus infection, COVID-19, is a highly contagious viral disease associated with acute, severe respiratory syndrome, which is based on the development of pronounced thrombo-inflammatory syndrome. As the number of patients with COVID-19 increased, heart damage has been reported, especially in patients with severe and critical COVID-19. This review describes the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor in the regulation of viral entry, the variety of damages to the heart and coronary arteries, and the importance of arterial hypertension and of the use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors in the prognosis of patients with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of Human Induced Excitatory Neurons Supports a Strong Effect of Clozapine on Cholesterol Biosynthesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debamitra Das ◽  
Xi Peng ◽  
Anh-Thu Lam ◽  
Joel S. Bader ◽  
Dimitrios Avramopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Neuronal Membrane ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Neuronal Homeostasis ◽  
Excitatory Neurons ◽  
Neuronal Types ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

AbstractAntipsychotics are known to modulate dopamine and other neurotransmitters which is often thought to be the mechanism underlying their therapeutic effects. Nevertheless, other less studied consequences of antipsychotics on neuronal function may contribute to their efficacy. Revealing the complete picture behind their action is of paramount importance for precision medicine and accurate drug selection. Progress in cell engineering allows the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and their differentiation to a variety of neuronal types, providing new tools to study antipsychotics. Here we use excitatory cortical neurons derived from iPSCs to explore their response to therapeutic levels of Clozapine as measured by their transcriptomic output, a proxy for neuronal homeostasis. To our surprise, but in agreement with the results of many investigators studying glial-like cells, Clozapine had a very strong effect on cholesterol metabolism. More than a quarter (12) of all annotated cholesterol genes (46) in the genome were significantly changed at FDR<0.1, all upregulated. This is a 35-fold enrichment with an adjusted p = 8 ×10−11. Notably no other functional category showed evidence of enrichment. Cholesterol is a major component of the neuronal membrane and myelin but it does not cross the blood brain barrier, it is produced locally mostly by glia but also by neurons. By singling out increased expression of cholesterol metabolism genes as the main response of cortical excitatory neurons to antipsychotics, our work supports the hypothesis that cholesterol metabolism may be a contributing mechanism to the beneficial effects of Clozapine and possibly other antipsychotics.

Evaluation of anti-pyretic activity of Dracaena sanderiana by Brewer’s yeast method

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-34
Author(s):  
Pavani C H
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Plant Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Dracaena Sanderiana ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Action

These medicinal plants are used to develop a therapy for the disease. To improve the science, investigate the scientific proof and activities validation, therefore the use of various herbal remedies for their pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory action in these current days. includes influence, anti-inflammatory, anti effect, analgesia, effects and some beneficial effects on the GI system. show the potential value of pain relief, cancer prevention and weight loss. According to these plant effects, consider that this present study was mainly based on to investigate and likely to reduce the fever caused by the outdoor and indoor. potential of is evidenced in leave studies. The medicinal plant produces a variety of chemical substances which shows significant therapeutic properties with the standard drug paracetamol.

HBOT Application at Cases of Gingival Inflammation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilma Robo
Keyword(s):  
Root Resorption ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Gingival Inflammation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Mechanical Therapy ◽  
The Impact

The treatment of periodontal diseases, mainly of their origin, with the most common clinical manifestation in form of gingival inflammation, is manifold and powerful, including: mechanical therapy, antibiotic, antiseptic and various approaches to treatment, which are recommended to be used within a short period of time. New therapeutic approaches have been proven as alternative treatment to conventional therapy, or in combination with conventional therapies, to reduce the number of periodontopathic pathogens in gingival sulcus. HBOT has a detrimental effect on periodontal microorganisms, as well as beneficial effects on the healing of periodontal tissue, increasing oxygen pressure in gingival pockets. Our study is aimed at reviewing the current published literature on hyperbaric oxygen therapy and focuses on role of HBOT as a therapeutic measure for the individual with periodontal disease in general and for the impact on the recovery of gingival inflammation. HBOT and periodontal treatment together, reduce up to 99% of the gram-negative anaerobic load of subgingival flora. HBOT, significantly reduces subgingival anaerobic flora. Clinical effects in 2-year follow-up of treated patients are sensitive. Reduction of gingival hemorrhage indexes, depth of peritoneum, plaque index, occurs in cases of combination of HBOT and detraction. Reduced load persists up to 2 months after therapy. The significant increase in connective tissue removal starts at the end of 2nd week, to achieve the maximum in week 3-6 of application. HBOT used for re-implantation, stimulates the healing of periodontal membrane, pulp, prevents root resorption, healing of periodontal lining tissues. HBOT, significantly reduces the hemorrhage index with 1.2 value difference, 0.7mm probe depth, reduces gingival fluid by 2. HGH exposure is increased by gingival blood flow, with a difference of 2 in measured value. The therapeutic effects of HBOT in the value of the evaluation index can be saved up to 1-year post treatment.

Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Plant Derived Natural Products – A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 4506-4536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris E. Allijn ◽  
René P. Brinkhuis ◽  
Gert Storm ◽  
Raymond M. Schiffelers
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Reference Compound ◽  
Individual Molecular Species ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Natural Medicines

Traditionally, natural medicines have been administered as plant extracts, which are composed of a mixture of molecules. The individual molecular species in this mixture may or may not contribute to the overall medicinal effects and some may even oppose the beneficial activity of others. To better control therapeutic effects, studies that characterized specific molecules and describe their individual activity that have been performed over the past decades. These studies appear to underline that natural products are particularly effective as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. In this systematic review we aimed to identify potent anti-inflammatory natural products and relate their efficacy to their chemical structure and physicochemical properties. To identify these compounds, we performed a comprehensive literature search to find those studies, in which a dose-response description and a positive control reference compound was used to benchmark the observed activity. Of the analyzed papers, 7% of initially selected studies met these requirements and were subjected to further analysis. This analysis revealed that most selected natural products indeed appeared to possess anti-inflammatory activities, in particular anti-oxidative properties. In addition, 14% of the natural products outperformed the remaining natural products in all tested assays and are attractive candidates as new anti-inflammatory agents.

Role of Resveratrol in Modulating microRNAs in Human Diseases: From Cancer to Inflammatory Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefeh Amiri ◽  
Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran ◽  
Zatollah Asemi ◽  
Alimohammad Shafiee ◽  
Sarah Hajighadimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Inflammatory Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

: Cancer and inflammatory disorders are two important public health issues worldwide with significant socio.economic impacts. Despite several efforts, the current therapeutic platforms are associated with severe limitations. Therefore, developing new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these diseases is a top priority. Besides current therapies, the utilization of natural compounds has emerged as a new horizon for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory disorders as well. Such natural compounds could be used either alone or in combination with the standard cancer therapeutic modalities such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound that is found in grapes as well as other foods. It has been found that this medicinal agent displays a wide pharmacological spectrum, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and antioxidant activities. Recently, clinical and pre-clinical studies have highlighted the anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol. Increasing evidence revealed that resveratrol exerts its therapeutic effects by targeting various cellular and molecular mechanisms. Among cellular and molecular targets that are modulated by resveratrol, microRNAs (miRNAs) have appeared as key targets. MiRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that act as epigenetic regulators. These molecules are involved in many processes that are involved in the initiation and progression of cancer and inflammatory disorders. Herein, we summarized various miRNAs that are directly/indirectly influenced by resveratrol in cancer and inflammatory disorders.

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