scholarly journals Oropharynx microbiota transitions in hypopharyngeal carcinoma treatment of induced chemotherapy followed by surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Ching Lau ◽  
Chi-Yao Hsueh ◽  
Hongli Gong ◽  
Ji Sun ◽  
Hui-Ying Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Benign Disease ◽  
Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chemotherapy Group ◽  
Microbial Structures ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Microbial Environment

Abstract Aims To analyze changes in oropharynx microbiota composition after receiving induced chemotherapy followed by surgery for hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) patients. Methods Clinical data and swab samples of 38 HPSCC patients (HPSCC group) and 30 patients with benign disease (control group, CG) were enrolled in the study. HPSCC group was stratified into two groups: induced chemotherapy group (IC) of 10 patients and non-induced chemotherapy group (nIC) of 28 patients. The microbiota from oropharyngeal membrane was analyzed through 16S rRNA sequencing. Results Alpha-diversity (Shannon and Ace indexes) and weighted UniFrac based beta-diversity severely decreased in the HPSCC group when compared with CG. In pre-operative comparisons, PCoA and NMDS analyses showed microbial structures in the IC group were more similar to CG than nIC. Both IC group and nIC group yielded significantly diverse post-operative communities in contrast to their pre-operative counterparts, evident by the decrease in genera Veillonella and Fusobacterium and increase in genera Streptococcus and Gemella. Given that post-operative oropharynx microbiota showed no difference between IC and nIC groups, the IC group showed less accumulation in anaerobic communities. The abundance of genera Fusobacterium, Parvimonas, Actinomyces were enhanced in the advanced stages (III/IV). Conclusions Oropharynx microbiota in the HPSCC group presents dysbiosis with low diversity and abundance. Induced chemotherapy is beneficial in adjusting the oropharynx microbial environment leading to fewer amounts of anaerobe accumulation after operation. Higher amounts of Fusobacterium in advanced stages (III/IV) may influence the progression of HPSCC.

THE LEVEL OF CYTOKINES IN THE SALIVA OF PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-831
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Belskaya ◽  
Viktor Kosenok
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Histological Verification ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Biochemical Examination

Currently, the urgent task is to search for new biomarkers as a promising tool for early detection and monitoring of breast cancer. The aim of the study was to study the level of cytokines in the saliva of patients with breast cancer. In the case-control study volunteers participated, which were divided into 3 groups: the main (breast cancer, n = 43), the comparison group (fibroadenoma, n = 32) and the control group (conditionally healthy, n = 39). All participants were questioned; biochemical examination of saliva, histological verification of the diagnosis was carried out. Intergroup differences are estimated by a nonparametric criterion. It is shown that in the context of breast cancer, the level of cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-18) is increasing, except for IL-8, the content of which decreases compared to the control group. When the disease progresses by the nature of the dynamics, the parameters are divided into two groups: IL-2, IL-4, IL-18 and IL-6, IL-8, IL-10. For the first group of cytokines, there was a decrease in content during the transition from the early stages to the more common ones. For the second group, when passing from stages T1-2N0M0 to T1-2NjM0, the level of cytokines remains practically constant. In the future, the level of cytokines is observed for stage T3_4N0_2M0, and for IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10, the level of cytokines reaches values corresponding to early stages, whereas for IL-6, IL-8 and IL-18 in the same direction, a significant increase in indicators was noted. Additionally, the IL-6/IL-8 ratio was calculated depending on the tumor size, as well as the presence / absence of metastasis. It is shown that this ratio is statistically significantly increased in the advanced stages of the disease. Particularly interesting is the increase in this ratio in saliva at the initial stages of the disease.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Fecal Microbiota of Grazing Mongolian Cattle from Different Regions in Inner Mongolia, China

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1938
Author(s):  
Han Aricha ◽  
Huasai Simujide ◽  
Chunjie Wang ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Wenting Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Geographical Factors ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Xilingol Grassland

Mongolian cattle from China have strong adaptability and disease resistance. We aimed to compare the gut microbiota community structure and diversity in grazing Mongolian cattle from different regions in Inner Mongolia and to elucidate the influence of geographical factors on the intestinal microbial community structure. We used high throughput 16S rRNA sequencing to analyze the fecal microbial community and diversity in samples from 60 grazing Mongolian cattle from Hulunbuir Grassland, Xilingol Grassland, and Alxa Desert. A total of 2,720,545 high-quality reads and sequences that were 1,117,505,301 bp long were obtained. Alpha diversity among the three groups showed that the gut microbial diversity in Mongolian cattle in the grasslands was significantly higher than that in the desert. The dominant phyla were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, whereas Verrucomicrobia presented the highest abundance in the gut of cattle in the Alxa Desert. The gut bacterial communities in cattle from the grasslands versus the Alxa Desert were distinctive, and those from the grasslands were closely clustered. Community composition analysis revealed significant differences in species diversity and richness. Overall, the composition of the gut microbiota in Mongolian cattle is affected by geographical factors. Gut microbiota may play important roles in the geographical adaptations of Mongolian cattle.

scholarly journals The change of gut microbiota in MDD patients under SSRIs treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Shen ◽  
Xiao Yang ◽  
Gaofei Li ◽  
Jiayu Gao ◽  
Ying Liang
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Maximum Dose ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Metabolic Functions

AbstractThe alterations in the gut microbiota have been reported to be correlated with the development of depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of intestinal microbiota in depressed patients after antidepressant treatment. We recruited 30 MDD patients (MDD group) and 30 healthy controls (control group). The MDD group received individualized treatment with escitalopram at a maximum dose of 20 mg/day. After depressive symptoms improved to a HAMD scale score > 50%, a fecal sample was collected again and used as the follow-up group. The differences of gut microbiota between patients and controls, the characteristics of gut microbiota under treatment and the potential differences in metabolic functions were thus investigated. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly different within three groups, and the ratio of follow-up group was significantly lower than those of the other two groups. Alpha diversity was significantly higher in MDD group than those of the other groups, and the alpha diversity was not significantly different between control and follow-up groups. The beta diversity of some patients resembled participants in the control group. The metabolic function of gut microbiota after treatment was still different from that of the control group. This study suggests that the intestinal flora of depressed patients has a tendency to return to normal under escitalopram treatment.

scholarly journals Intrahepatic TLR3 and IFNL3 Expressions Are Associated with Stages of Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis C

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1103
Author(s):  
Keyla Santos Guedes de Sá ◽  
Ednelza da Silva Graça Amoras ◽  
Simone Regina Souza da Silva Conde ◽  
Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz ◽  
Izaura Maria Vieira Cayres-Vallinoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Chronic Hcv

An inefficient immune response against the hepatitis C virus (HCV), combined with viral evasion mechanisms, is responsible for the chronicity of infection. The need to evaluate the innate mechanisms of the immune response, such as TLR3 and IFN-λ3, and their relationship with the virus–host interaction is important for understanding the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C. The present study aimed to investigate the gene expressions of TRL3 and IFNL3 in liver tissue, seeking to evaluate whether these could be potential biomarkers of HCV infection. A total of 23 liver biopsy samples were collected from patients with chronic HCV, and 8 biopsies were collected from healthy control patients. RNA extraction, reverse transcription and qPCR were performed to quantify the relative gene expressions of TLR3 and IFNL3. Data on the viral load; AST, ALT, GGT and AFP levels; and the viral genotype were collected from the patients′ medical records. The intrahepatic expression of TLR3 (p = 0.0326) was higher in chronic HCV carriers than in the control group, and the expression of IFNL3 (p = 0.0037) was lower in chronic HCV carriers than in the healthy control group. The expression levels of TLR3 (p = 0.0030) and IFNL3 (p = 0.0036) were higher in the early stages of fibrosis and of necroinflammatory activity in the liver; in contrast, TLR3 and IFNL3 expressions were lower in the more advanced stages of fibrosis and inflammation. There was no correlation between the gene expression and the serum viral load. Regarding the initial METAVIR scale scores, liver transaminase levels were lower in patients with advanced fibrosis when correlated with TLR3 and IFNL3 gene expressions. The results suggest that in the early stages of the development of hepatic fibrosis, TLR3 and IFN-λ3 play important roles in the antiviral response and in the modulation of the tolerogenic liver environment because there is a decrease in the intrahepatic expressions of TLR3 and IFNL3 in the advanced stages of fibrosis, probably due to viral evasion mechanisms.

scholarly journals Growth control of herbaceous ground cover and egg quality from an integrated poultry-hazelnut orchard system

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Cosentino ◽  
Pierangelo Freschi ◽  
Simonetta Fascetti ◽  
Rosanna Paolino ◽  
Mauro Musto
Keyword(s):  
Egg Quality ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
The Impact

The present study was designed to assess the impact of hen grazing on plant biodiversity in the ground cover of hazelnut orchards, as well as the quality of eggs from hens grazing in the orchards. Two different sites of hazelnut orchards located in Basilicata region were selected to conduct this study. The results showed that hen grazing affected the composition of herbaceous stratum of the orchards. By using the quadrat method, a total of 99 (46 in site A and 53 in site B) plant species were identified at the beginning of the trial. After hen grazing, the number of identified plants dropped to 72 (30 in site A and 42 in site B). Amongst the most consumed species we found Lolium sp., Trifolium sp., Polygonum sp., Cichorium intybus, Cynodon dactylon. Alpha diversity analysis (species richness, diversity and evenness) as well as beta diversity analysis (Morisita-Horn and Sørensen indices) confirmed that hen grazing played a role in controlling vegetation growth. Concerning egg quality, most of the chemical parameters differed significantly when comparing the eggs from the sites with those from the control group, indicating that egg quality was influenced by the food resources available in each site. Overall, our results confirm that poultry may play a positive role in an orchard system.

scholarly journals Almond Snacking for 8 wk Increases Alpha-Diversity of the Gastrointestinal Microbiome and Decreases Bacteroides fragilis Abundance Compared with an Isocaloric Snack in College Freshmen

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaapna Dhillon ◽  
Zhaoping Li ◽  
Rudy M Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
College Freshmen ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dietary Regimen ◽  
Unifrac Distance ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Microbiome Diversity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disorders

ABSTRACT Background Changes in gut microbiota are associated with cardiometabolic disorders and are influenced by diet. Almonds are a rich source of fiber, unsaturated fats, and polyphenols, all nutrients that can favorably alter the gut microbiome. Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 8 wk of almond snacking on the gut (fecal) microbiome diversity and abundance compared with an isocaloric snack of graham crackers in college freshmen. Methods A randomized, controlled, parallel-arm, 8-wk intervention in 73 college freshmen (age: 18–19 y; 41 women and 32 men; BMI: 18–41 kg/m2) with no cardiometabolic disorders was conducted. Participants were randomly allocated to either an almond snack group (56.7 g/d; 364 kcal; n = 38) or graham cracker control group (77.5 g/d; 338 kcal/d; n = 35). Stool samples were collected at baseline and 8 wk after the intervention to assess primary microbiome outcomes, that is, gut microbiome diversity and abundance. Results Almond snacking resulted in 3% greater quantitative alpha-diversity (Shannon index) and 8% greater qualitative alpha-diversity (Chao1 index) than the cracker group after the intervention (P < 0.05). Moreover, almond snacking for 8 wk decreased the abundance of the pathogenic bacterium Bacteroides fragilis by 48% (overall relative abundance, P < 0.05). Permutational multivariate ANOVA showed significant time effects for the unweighted UniFrac distance and Bray–Curtis beta-diversity methods (P < 0.05; R2 ≤ 3.1%). The dietary and clinical variables that best correlated with the underlying bacterial community structure at week 8 of the intervention included dietary carbohydrate (percentage energy), dietary fiber (g), and fasting total and HDL cholesterol (model Spearman rho = 0.16; P = 0.01). Conclusions Almond snacking for 8 wk improved alpha-diversity compared with cracker snacking. Incorporating a morning snack in the dietary regimen of predominantly breakfast-skipping college freshmen improved the diversity and composition of the gut microbiome. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03084003.

scholarly journals Impact of Short-Term Isoflavone Intervention in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Patients on Microbiota Composition and Metagenomics

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Haudum ◽  
Lisa Lindheim ◽  
Angelo Ascani ◽  
Christian Trummer ◽  
Angela Horvath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Interventional Study ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Receptor Modulator

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 5–20% of women of reproductive age worldwide and is associated with disorders of glucose metabolism. Hormone and metabolic signaling may be influenced by phytoestrogens, such as isoflavones. Their endocrine effects may modify symptom penetrance in PCOS. Equol is one of the most active isoflavone metabolites, produced by intestinal bacteria, and acts as a selective estrogen receptor modulator. Method: In this interventional study of clinical and biochemical characterization, urine isoflavone levels were measured in PCOS and control women before and three days after a defined isoflavone intervention via soy milk. In this interventional study, bacterial equol production was evaluated using the log(equol: daidzein ratio) and microbiome, metabolic, and predicted metagenome analyses were performed. Results: After isoflavone intervention, predicted stool metagenomic pathways, microbial alpha diversity, and glucose homeostasis in PCOS improved resembling the profile of the control group at baseline. In the whole cohort, larger equol production was associated with lower androgen as well as fertility markers. Conclusion: The dynamics in our metabolic, microbiome, and predicted metagenomic profiles underline the importance of external phytohormones on PCOS characteristics and a potential therapeutic approach or prebiotic in the future.

scholarly journals Ketonuria Is Associated with Changes to the Abundance of Roseburia in the Gut Microbiota of Overweight and Obese Women at 16 Weeks Gestation: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Robinson ◽  
Helen Barrett ◽  
Luisa Gomez-Arango ◽  
H. David McIntyre ◽  
Leonie Callaway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

The gut microbiome in pregnancy has been associated with various maternal metabolic and hormonal markers involved in glucose metabolism. Maternal ketones are of particular interest due to the rise in popularity of low-carbohydrate diets. We assessed for differences in the composition of the gut microbiota in pregnant women with and without ketonuria at 16 weeks gestation. Fecal samples were obtained from 11 women with fasting ketonuria and 11 matched controls. The samples were analyzed to assess for differences in gut microbiota composition by 16S rRNA sequencing. Supervised hierarchical clustering analysis showed significantly different beta-diversity between women with and without ketonuria, but no difference in the alpha-diversity. Group comparisons and network analysis showed that ketonuria was associated with an increased abundance of the butyrate-producing genus Roseburia. The bacteria that contributed the most to the differences in the composition of the gut microbiota included Roseburia, Methanobrevibacter, Uncl. RF39, and Dialister in women with ketonuria and Eggerthella, Phascolarctobacterium, Butyricimonas, and Uncl. Coriobacteriaceae in women without ketonuria. This study found that the genus Roseburia is more abundant in the gut microbiota of pregnant women with ketonuria. Roseburia is a butyrate producing bacterium and may increase serum ketone levels.

53 Effect of anthocyanin supplementation in bovine pre-implantation embryonic development during invitro maturation of oocytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
A. Zegarra ◽  
J. Rivas ◽  
A. Gallegos ◽  
E. Mellisho
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blastocyst Development ◽  
Maturation Medium ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Commercial Medium ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Oocyte protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS) during invitro maturation (IVM) may play a decisive role in pre-implantation embryonic development. For instance, anthocyanins have shown greater antioxidant effects than vitamins C and E. The objective of this study was to determine the anthocyanin supplementation level that influences quantity and quality of bovine blastocysts development during IVM. Cumulus–oocyte complexes (COC) were recovered from 185 abattoir ovaries in 6 sessions and classified (Grade 1 and 2) for maturation. Oocytes were in IVM in commercial medium (Vitrogen®) supplemented with anthocyanin (pelargonidin chloride) at different concentrations: 0 (control), 1, 10, 20, and 40μM, in droplets of 70μL with 12 to 15 COC at 38.5°C, 5% CO2 and 90% humidity for 22to 24h. Sperm selection was performed by Percoll gradient method (45/90%) with centrifugation at 600×g for 6min. The final concentration for IVF was 2×106 sperm mL−1. A total of 462 oocytes were used in the experiment (6 replicates). Presumptive zygotes were invitro cultured (IVC) in commercial medium (Vitrogen) in droplets of 70µL with 12–15 zygotes at 38°C, 5% CO2, and 90% humidity until the blastocyst stage (Day 7 of culture). The cleavage (Day 2), morulae (Day 4), and blastocyst (Day 7) rates were measured during IVC. The data were processed with non-parametric tests (Kruskal–Wallis test with independent samples, P&lt;0.05) using IBM SPSS Statistics 2.0 for Windows. The results in the control group of cleavage, morulae, and blastocyst rates were 67.3, 27.0, and 22.1%, respectively. Although, numerically, anthocyanin at 1μM resulted in a higher blastocyst rate (28.8%) and anthocyanin at 10μM resulted in a greater number of blastocysts of advanced stages (65.0%), anthocyanin supplementation during IVM did not influence the quantity and quality of bovine blastocyst development (P&gt;0.05). In conclusion, the supplementation of anthocyanin to the maturation medium did not affect invitro development of bovine embryos. Complementary studies at the cellular and gene expression level may be required.

scholarly journals Sex-Specific Differences in the Gut Microbiome in Response to Dietary Fiber Supplementation in IL-10-Deficient Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2088
Author(s):  
Zhengxiao Zhang ◽  
Jae Eun Hyun ◽  
Aducio Thiesen ◽  
Heekuk Park ◽  
Naomi Hotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Murine Colitis ◽  
Host Sex ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
High Level

There is growing interest in studying dietary fiber to stimulate microbiome changes that might prevent or alleviate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, dietary fiber effects have shown varying degrees of efficacy, for reasons that are unclear. This study examined whether the effects of isomaltodextrin on gut microbiota and IBD were dependent on dose or host sex, using an Interleukin (IL)-10 deficient murine colitis model. After 12 weeks, colonic IL-12p70 was depressed in male mice receiving high-dose isomaltodextrin supplementation compared to the control group (p = 0.04). Male mice receiving high-dose isomaltodextrin exhibited changes in microbial alpha-diversity, including enhanced richness and evenness (p = 0.01) and limited reduction in the relative abundance of Coprococcus (q = 0.08), compared to the control group. These microbial compositional changes were negatively associated with IL-12p70 levels in the male group (rs ≤ −0.51, q ≤ 0.08). In contrast, female mice receiving isomaltodextrin displayed a reduction in alpha-diversity and Coprococcus abundance and a high level of IL-12p70, as did the control group. Together, these results indicate that isomaltodextrin altered the gut microbial composition linking specific immune-regulatory cytokine responses, while the interactions among fiber, microbiota and immune response were dose dependent and largely sex specific. The results further indicate that interactions between environmental and host factors can affect microbiome manipulation in the host.

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