scholarly journals Clinical physiology aspects of chloremia in fluid therapy: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Astapenko ◽  
Pavel Navratil ◽  
Jiri Pouska ◽  
Vladimir Cerny
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Fluid Therapy ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Infusion Therapy ◽  
Clinical Physiology ◽  
Chloride Homeostasis ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Medical Concepts

Abstract Background This systematic review discusses a clinical physiology aspect of chloride in fluid therapy. Crystalloid solutions are one of the most widely used remedies. While generally used in medicine for almost 190 years, studies focused largely on their safety have only been published since the new millennium. The most widely used solution, normal saline, is most often referred to in this context. Its excessive administration results in hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with other consequences, including higher mortality rates. Methods Original papers and review articles eligible for developing the present paper were identified by searching online in the electronic MEDLINE database. The keywords searched for included hyperchloremia, hypochloremia, and compound words containing the word “chloride,” infusion therapy, metabolic acidosis, renal failure, and review. Results A total of 21,758 papers published before 31 May 2020 were identified; of this number, 630 duplicates were removed from the list. Upon excluding articles based on their title or abstract, 1850 papers were screened, of which 63 full-text articles were assessed. Conclusions According to the latest medical concepts, dyschloremia (both hyperchloremia and hypochloremia) represents a factor indisputably having a negative effect on selected variables of clinical outcome. As infusion therapy can significantly impact chloride homeostasis of the body, the choice of infusion solutions should always take into account the potentially adverse impact of chloride content on chloremia and organ function.

Chloremia and Fluid Therapy – A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Astapenko ◽  
Pavel Navratil ◽  
Jiri Pouska ◽  
Vladimir Cerny
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Body ◽  
Infusion Therapy ◽  
Organ Function ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Crystalloid Solutions ◽  
Hyperchloremic Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Medical Concepts

Abstract Background: Crystalloid solutions are one of the most widely used remedies in the field. While generally used in medicine for almost 190 years, studies focused largely on their safety have only been published since the new millennium. The most widely used solution, normal saline, is most often referred to in this context. Its excessive administration results in hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with other consequences, including higher mortality rates. Current balanced solutions are safer in this respect and are designed to have a composition close to that of blood plasma.Methods: Original papers and review articles eligible for developing the present paper were identified by searching online in the electronic MEDLINE database. The key words searched for included hyperchloremia, hypochloremia and compound words containing the word “chloride”, infusion therapy, metabolic acidosis, renal failure, and review.Results: A total of 21,758 papers published before 31 May 2020 were identified; of this number, 630 duplicates were removed from the list. Upon excluding articles based on their title or abstract, 1850 papers were screened, of which 63 full-text articles were assessed.Conclusions: According to the latest medical concepts, dyschloremia (both hyperchloremia and hypochloremia) is a factor indisputably having a negative effect on selected variables of clinical outcome. As infusion therapy can significantly impact chlorine homeostasis of the body, the choice of infusion solutions should always take into account the potentially adverse impact of chlorine content on chloremia and organ function.

scholarly journals Collagen-Based Electrospun Materials for Tissue Engineering: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Britani N. Blackstone ◽  
Summer C. Gallentine ◽  
Heather M. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Collagen Type I ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pool Data ◽  
Type I ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Increased Strength

Collagen is a key component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in organs and tissues throughout the body and is used for many tissue engineering applications. Electrospinning of collagen can produce scaffolds in a wide variety of shapes, fiber diameters and porosities to match that of the native ECM. This systematic review aims to pool data from available manuscripts on electrospun collagen and tissue engineering to provide insight into the connection between source material, solvent, crosslinking method and functional outcomes. D-banding was most often observed in electrospun collagen formed using collagen type I isolated from calfskin, often isolated within the laboratory, with short solution solubilization times. All physical and chemical methods of crosslinking utilized imparted resistance to degradation and increased strength. Cytotoxicity was observed at high concentrations of crosslinking agents and when abbreviated rinsing protocols were utilized. Collagen and collagen-based scaffolds were capable of forming engineered tissues in vitro and in vivo with high similarity to the native structures.

Association between muscle strength and risk factors for metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago R. de Lima ◽  
Priscila C. Martins ◽  
Giuseppe L. Torre ◽  
Alice Mannocci ◽  
Kelly S. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reference List

AbstractThe aim of this systematic review was to identify and summarize evidence for the association between muscle strength (MS) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), and MS and combinations of risk factors for MetS in children and adolescents. Five databases (Medline/PubMed, EBSCO, Scielo, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge) were searched up to November 2019 with complementary reference list searches. Inclusion criteria were studies that investigated the relationship between MS and MetS or MS and combinations of risk factors for MetS in children and adolescents (≤19 years of age). Risk of bias was assessed using standard procedures. From the total of 15,599 articles initially identified, 13 articles were included, representing 11,641 children and adolescents. Higher MS values were associated with lower risk for MetS or combinations of risk factors for MetS (n=11/13 studies). Of the total of included studies, about 23.1% (03/13) were longitudinal and all included studies were classified as having a moderate risk of bias. This review provides preliminary evidence for a beneficial relationship between MS and MetS among children and adolescents. Additionally, although the body of evidence points to the beneficial relationship between higher MS and lower risk for combination of factors for MetS in children and adolescents, this relationship is inconclusive.

scholarly journals How Does Retail Engage Consumers in Sustainable Consumption? A Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Carmen Bălan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
The Body ◽  
Consumer Engagement ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Food Retailers ◽  
Retail Marketing ◽  
Marketing Actions

The academic literature on consumer engagement and sustainable consumption has developed gradually over the last two decades. The body of knowledge related to the role of food and non-food retailers in this context, however, is only beginning to develop. The purpose of this systematic review is to analyse the existing literature on how retailers fulfil their role in engaging consumers in sustainable consumption. The need for a study with this purpose is proven by the fact that academic literature lacks a systematic review on this topic, despite the ascending trend in the number of published articles in the field. This systematic review is based on a five-step process to ensure quality, replicability, transparency, and reliable conclusions. The reviewed articles were published relatively recently in academic journals from different domains. This review identified seven distinct types of retail marketing interventions (involvement of retailers in marketing actions with the aim to engage consumers in sustainable consumption), 30 types of retail marketing mechanisms (consisting in marketing strategies, techniques, tools, and channels used by retailers), and 14 distinct types of consumer engagement in sustainable consumption patterns. The review suggests an agenda for further research and identifies practical implications for retail management.

scholarly journals Making sense of farmers’ demand for seed of root, tuber and banana crops: a systematic review of methods

Food Security ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Pircher ◽  
Conny J. M. Almekinders
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The Body ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Seed Systems ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Root Tuber ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development

AbstractA demand-driven approach is becoming increasingly central in the efforts to improve agricultural research and development. However, the question of how exactly demand is studied usually remains unstated and is rarely discussed. We therefore carried out a systematic review in order to better understand how farmers’ demand for seed in root, tuber and banana seed systems is studied. The review is based on data from a consultation with an expert panel and a structured literature search in the SCOPUS database. Screening the gathered articles resulted in 46 studies on a global scale, fitting the scope of our investigation. Through qualitative analysis and categorization of these studies, we developed a classification scheme according to the types of approaches applied in the retained studies. One group of studies explicitly articulates farmers’ preferences and choices through surveys or engagements in trials, auctions, choice experiments and interviews. Other studies implicitly articulate farmers’ demand by characterising their current use of varieties and seed. We discuss opportunities and limitations in the use of each type of study and we reflect on the body of available literature as a whole. Our conclusion is that a framework is necessary that purposefully combines the existing different methods and that it is necessary to involve stakeholders in a process where demand is articulated. Together, these two steps would characterise existing demands in a more effective and precise way, thus providing better guidance to decision-makers in their reactions pertaining to seed systems.

scholarly journals 459 - Psychometric properties of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory : A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (S1) ◽  
pp. 180-180
Author(s):  
Philippe Landreville ◽  
Alexandra Champagne ◽  
Patrick Gosselin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Cosmin Checklist ◽  
Validity Indices

Background.The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) is a widely used self-report measure of anxiety symptoms in older adults. Much research has been conducted on the psychometric properties of the GAI in various populations and using different language versions. Previous reviews of this literature have examined only a small proportion of studies in light of the body of research currently available and have not evaluated the methodological quality of this research. We conducted a systematic review of the psychometric properties of the GAI.Method.Relevant studies (N = 30) were retrieved through a search of electronic databases (Pubmed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE and Google Scholar) and a hand search. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed by two independent reviewers using the ‘‘COnsensusbased Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments’’ (COSMIN) checklist.Results.Based on the COSMIN checklist, internal consistency and test reliability were mostly rated as poorly assessed (62.1% and 70% of studies, respectively) and quality of studies examining structural validity was mostly fair (60% of studies). The GAI showed adequate internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Convergent validity indices were highest with measures of generalized anxiety and lowest with instruments that include somatic symptoms. A substantial overlap with measures of depression was reported. While there was no consensus on the factorial structure of the GAI, several studies found it to be unidimensional.Conclusions.The GAI presents satisfactory psychometric properties. However, future efforts should aim to achieve a higher degree of methodological quality.

scholarly journals Religion, Belonging, and Active Citizenship: A Systematic Review of Literature on Muslim Youth in Australia

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Mehmet Ozalp ◽  
Mirela Ćufurović
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Civic Engagement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Active Citizenship ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
The West ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Muslim Youth ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
The Impact

Muslim youth have been under scrutiny over the last two decades from a radicalisation and countering violent extremism lens. This bias has largely carried itself to research conducted on Muslim youth in the West. This article undertakes a systematic review and analysis of literature conducted on Muslim youth in the West and in Australia in the last two decades since 11 September 2001. The body of literature in this field can be grouped under three main themes: (1) the impact of terrorism policies and discourse on Muslim youth and their disengaged identities, (2) the relationship between religion (Islam) and civic engagement of Muslim youth, and (3) Muslim youth as active citizens. An important conclusion of this review is that most of the research is dated. There have been significant changes in the development of youth as they quickly evolve and adapt. The systematic review of literature exposed a number of gaps in the research: the current literature ignores generic adolescent factors and external social factors other than Islam that also influence Muslim youth; studies that examine both online and traditional activism and volunteering space are needed to understand the dynamics of change and shift; research needs to focus on Muslim youth who were born and raised in Australia rather than focus only on migrant youth; the ways some Muslim youth use their unique sense of identity as Australian Muslims to become successful citizens engaged in positive action is not known; how Muslim youth use avenues other than their faith to express themselves in civic engagement and their commitment to society is underexplored; it is not known the degree to which bonding networks influence the identity formation and transformation of Muslim youth; there is no research done to examine how adult–youth partnership is managed in organisations that successfully integrate youth in their leadership; there is a need to include Australian Muslim youth individual accounts of their active citizenship; there is a need to understand the process of positive Muslim youth transformations as a complement to the current focus on the radicalisation process. Addressing these gaps will allow a more complete understanding of Muslim youth in the West and inform educational and social policies in a more effective manner.

scholarly journals Psychological Consequences of the Delay in the Silent Mentor Programme During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives From Family Members of Silent Mentors

2021 ◽  
pp. 003022282110009
Author(s):  
Li Ping Wong ◽  
Sik Loo Tan ◽  
Haridah Alias ◽  
Thiam Eng Sia ◽  
Aik Saw
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Health And Well Being

The COVID-19 pandemic has put a hold on the Silent Mentor Programme (SMP); this pause has not only caused unprecedented challenges for the delivery of medical education but has forced changes in the programme ceremony sessions. We aimed to describe the psychological impact and experiences of family members of silent mentors during the COVID-19 pandemic using qualitative interviews. Many expressed feelings of remorse and unrest about the unprecedented delay of the SMP. The delay increased negative emotions particularly among some elderly family members; however, there was no prominent negative effect on their functional health and well-being. Several participants relayed the belief that the soul cannot rest until the body receives a proper burial while some worried about the deterioration of the physical condition of the mentors. In conclusion, findings provide insights into the importance of not overlooking the mental health implications of delaying the SMP in future outbreaks or crises.

scholarly journals The prevalence of obesity in older adults in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliakbar Vaisi-Raygani ◽  
Masoud Mohammadi ◽  
Rostam Jalali ◽  
Akram Ghobadi ◽  
Nader Salari
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Abstract Background one of the most important age-dependent physiologic alterations in the body composition of older adult people is obesity and overweight, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality rate. Objective The aim of the present study is to determine the prevalence of obesity in older adults in Iran. Methods The present study was conducted via meta-analysis and systematic review method, from March 2000 to October 2018. Subject-related literature was obtained via searches in ScienceDirect, Medline (PubMed), SID, Magiran, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Heterogeneity of studies was assessed using the I2 index, and data were analyzed by Comprehensive-Meta analysis software. Results In the assessment of 18 studies and 29,943 persons aged over 50 years, the prevalence of obesity in older adults of Iran was 21.4% (95%CI: 26.6–16.9%) based on the meta-analysis. The highest obesity prevalence was obtained in older adults of Babol (Amir Shahr) which was 44.2% (95%CI: 41.1–47.2%) in 2007, while the minimum obesity prevalence was found in older adults of Razavi Khorasan which was 11.3% (95%CI, 10–12.8%) in 2007. Further, as the sample size and the study year increased, the obesity prevalence diminished in older Iranian adults (p < 0.05). Conclusion This study suggests that the prevalence of obesity in the older adults of Iran is high. Accordingly, healthcare planners and politicians should consider effective and practical policies to reduce obesity in older adults.

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