Compromised maternal nutritional status in early pregnancy and its relation to the birth size in young rural Indian mothers

Abstract Background Low birth weight is highly prevalent in rural India. As a chronic undernutrition problem, poor birth outcomes are closely related to various nutritional factors more prominently the poor maternal anthropometry at conception. The purpose of the study was to identify how compromised maternal nutritional status in early pregnancy affects the birth size of rural Indian mothers. Methods It was a prospective observational study on singleton pregnant women (n = 204) from 14 villages in Mulshi Taluka of Pune District, Maharashtra, India. Maternal weight (Wt), height (Ht), body fat percent (BF%), head circumference (HC), and sitting height (SHT) were measured at early pregnancy (< 13 weeks of gestation) and infants’ weight and length were measured within 24 h of birth. Groups means were tested using a ‘t’ test while the trend in means was tested using ANOVA. Results Mothers were young (21.46 ± 2.09 yrs), thin (46.46 ± 6.1 kg), short (153.39 ± 5.79 cm), and poorly nourished (19.74 ± 2.41 kg/m2). Mean birth weight was low (2655 ± 507 g) and prevalence of LBW and stunting at birth was highest among mothers in the lower tertile of each of the anthropometric indicators. In particular, stunting was significantly higher for mothers in lower tertile compared to higher tertile of Wt (44.6 Vs 64.6%) and was also true for HC (43.7 Vs 60.6%). Risk for LBW and stunting at birth was almost similar and was significant (p < 0.01) for mothers in the lower tertile of Wt, Ht, BMI, SHT, HC, and BF% as compared to those in the higher tertile of these measurements. Conclusion All the anthropometric indicators of current undernutrition at first trimester as well as that in utero reflected by smaller HC, impose risk for LBW and stunting at birth especially among young rural mothers.

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Maternal Body Mass Index (BMI) and Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) in Early Pregnancy as Predictors of Low Birth Weight Infants

Advanced Science Letters ◽

10.1166/asl.2018.12679 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (8) ◽

pp. 6203-6205

Author(s):

Yoga Dwi Oktavianda ◽

Syahru Ramadhan ◽

Thalia Mufida ◽

Ummul Mukminin ◽

Rima Irwinda

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Upper Arm ◽

Maternal Nutritional Status ◽

Arm Circumference ◽

Mid Upper Arm Circumference

Low birth weight is one of the determinants of infant mortality, morbidity, and disability, which can even have an impact on the future. Several studies have suggested that the condition of low birth weight (LBW) infants is influenced by the lack of maternal nutritional status in early pregnancy. Moreover, the prevalence of malnutrition in Indonesia is still high. Therefore, this study attempted to analyze the relationship of maternal nutritional status in early pregnancy as a predictor of LBW infants. Using a cross-sectional study design, this study involved 62 pregnant patients aged 20–35 years who had antenatal visits and a term delivery at Puskesmas Kecamatan Cakung. The measurements of body mass index (BMI) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) in early pregnancy are used to determine the maternal nutritional status. Pregnant women with BMI <18.5 or MUAC <23.5 cm are considered to have less nutritional status. Meanwhile, LBW infants are defined as babies with birth weight <2500 grams. This study proves that the risk of birth of LBW infants is increased in pregnant women with BMI <18.5 (underweight) (OR 5.37) and less MUAC (OR 20.4).

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First trimester maternal upper arm circumference correlated to placental size and neonatal anthropometry

Medical Journal of Indonesia ◽

10.13181/mji.oa.192950 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 38-41

Author(s):

Noroyono Wibowo ◽

Rima Irwinda ◽

Lazuardy Rachman

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Head Circumference ◽

First Trimester ◽

Birth Length ◽

Abdominal Circumference ◽

High Birth Weight ◽

Upper Arm ◽

Maternal Nutritional Status ◽

Arm Circumference

BACKGROUND First maternal nutrition, represented by anthropometrics, is an important factor for fetal growth. This study aimed to determine the correlation between maternal nutritional status of first trimester pregnant women with placental size and neonatal anthropometry. METHODS A retrospective cohort study (N = 134) was conducted in Jakarta and Riau during August–September 2017. Correlation between first trimester maternal nutritional status, placental size (placental weight and volume), and neonatal anthropometry (birth weight, birth length, head circumference, and abdominal circumference) were examined using Spearman correlation test. RESULTS High maternal body mass index and upper arm circumference (UAC) are weakly correlated with high birth weight (r = 0.281, p<0.001 and r = 0.271, p<0.001), birth length (r = 0.176, p = 0.022 and r= 0.238, p = 0.002), head circumference (r = 0.251, p = 0.001 and r = 0.297, p<0.001), abdominal circumference (r = 0.227, p = 0.003 and r = 0.226, p = 0.003), placental weight (r = 0.198, p = 0.01 and r = 0.228, p<0.001), and placental volume (r = 0.194, p = 0.01 and r = 0.203, p = 0.008). In addition, high maternal height is also weakly correlated with high birth weight (r = 0.157, p = 0.043) and birth length (r = 0.158, p = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS UAC can be reliably used to assess the nutritional status of pregnant women and to predict placental and newborn sizes.

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STATUS GIZI AWAL KEHAMILAN DAN PERTAMBAHAN BERAT BADAN IBU HAMIL KAITANNYA DENGAN BBLR

Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan ◽

10.25182/jgp.2009.4.1.8-12 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Yongky Yongky ◽

Hardinsyah Hardinsyah ◽

Gulardi Gulardi ◽

Marhamah Marhamah

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Economic Status ◽

First Trimester ◽

Font Size ◽

Socio Economic Status

The objectives of this research were to analyze nutritional status of pregnant women in Jakarta Timur and Bekasi and the accretion of body weight and its relationship with low birth weight. As many as 638 pregnant women had been followed since first examination until delivery. At the first trimester, most of pregnant women (53.8%) were categorized as normal nutritional status (BMI 19.8-26); underweight (BMI <19.8) 40%; and overweight (BMI > 26.01) 6.2%. The accretion of pregnant women body weight was relatively higher in high socio-economic status rather than low socio-economic status. The prevalence of low birth weight was higher among mothers from low socio-economic status. It is important for pregnant women to pay attention on her nutritional status in the early pregnancy and the accretion of body weight.

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Anthropometric measurements of a neonate vis-a-vis maternal nutritional status

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20180570 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 640

Author(s):

Surinder Singh ◽

Pancham Kumar ◽

B. R. Thakur

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Neonatal Morbidity ◽

Anthropometric Measurements ◽

Maternal Height ◽

Maternal Weight ◽

Anthropometric Indices ◽

Maternal Nutritional Status

Background: The incidence of low birth weight i.e. <2500gm babies in India is 30-40% as compared to 7.5% in the developed world. The objective of this study was to find correlation between neonatal anthropometric indices and maternal nutritional status.Methods:Out of one thousand twelve live births during the study period 529 newborns which were fulfilling the required criteria were enrolled in the study. All the enrolled newborns were assessed for weight, length, OFC, MAC, MAC/OFC and Ponderal index. Maternal nutritional status was assessed by maternal weight, maternal height and BMI. Maternal data also comprised of demographic and social factors viz. maternal age, socioeconomic status, dietary habits, maternal education, occupation, parity, residence, altitude and antenatal care. The correlation between neonatal anthropometric indices and maternal nutritional status was studied using appropriate statistical methods.Results: The study population had mean maternal weight 50.0593±7.97, mean maternal height 154.148±9.0388 and mean body mass index 21.5871±10.458 which were significantly higher than national figure (NFHS 2 data). The mean birth weight was 2822.80±447.64, mean length 48.0319±2.1963, mean OFC 33.6866±1.3510, mean MAC 8.8866±0.8349,MAC/OFC 0.2636±2.039 E-02 .The study showed 29% LBW babies. The study showed highly significant positive relationship between maternal nutritional status assessed by maternal weight, height and BMI; and neonatal anthropometry i.e. birth weight length, OFC MAC, and MAC/OFC ratio.Conclusions:Maternal nutritional status has strong linear correlation with neonatal anthropometry. Shorter and lighter mothers tend to give birth to small babies with lower anthropometric measurements. Improvement in the maternal nutritional status can lead to better neonatal anthropometric indices which can be helpful in decreasing the neonatal morbidity and mortality.

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Maternal nutritional status during pregnancy as a predictor of Ponderal index and body proportionality at birth, in term neonates

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20204524 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 1712

Author(s):

Brinda Prasanna Kumar ◽

Adarsh E. ◽

Sahana G.

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Positive Association ◽

Ponderal Index ◽

Maternal Body Mass Index ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Maternal Nutritional Status ◽

Foetal Growth ◽

Recumbent Length

Background: It is well established that maternal body mass index (BMI) and haemoglobin (Hb) level has an impact on foetal growth. Various studies have concluded that intrauterine growth as reflected by the Ponderal index (PI) is strongly influenced by various maternal factors. Therefore, we undertake this study to address the evidence gap to establish the strength of association between maternal nutritional status as indicated by her pre-pregnancy BMI and haemoglobin levels and neonatal PI.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional, observational study was conducted that included 236 normal newborns and their mothers. A predesigned questionnaire was used to collect relevant socio-demographic data and obstetric history. Details regarding the maternal pre-pregnancy weight were collected from antenatal records, maternal height was measured and BMI was calculated. Neonatal birth weight and recumbent length was measured. PI was calculated and co-related with the maternal BMI and haemoglobin values.Results: 11.9% of the mothers were underweight and 51.3% had normal BMI. Majority of the mothers (62.7%) had normal Hb levels and 0.4% were found to have severe anemia (Hb <7 mg/dl). We saw a significant positive correlation (p<0.05) between BMI and birth weight, BMI and PI that is, with decrease in BMI there was a significant decrease in the birth weight and PI of the newborn. There was no significant correlation between haemoglobin level and PI.Conclusions: Our study showed a positive association between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and birth weight, BMI and PI. Therefore, interventions aimed at improving the nutritional status of the mother have a direct impact on the foetal growth outcomes.

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Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) Pra Hamil dan Kenaikan Berat Badan Ibu Selama Hamil Berhubungan dengan Berat Badan Bayi Lahir

Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan Indonesia ◽

10.21927/jnki.2016.4(1).1-5 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eka Nurhayati

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Maternal Weight Gain ◽

Maternal Weight ◽

Retrospective Study Design ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Weight Gain During Pregnancy

Prepregnancy BMI (Body Mass Index) is used as a guide to the nutritional status of the mother before pregnancy and also determine the optimal weight gain in pregnancy. Meanwhile, weight gain during pregnancy is a decisive indicator of the nutritional status of the mother. This retrospective study design aimed to determine the relationship of pre-pregnant BMI and maternal weight gain during pregnancy with birth weight babies. The sample was 71 mothers with children aged 0-6 months were selected by purposive sampling. The results showed 67.6% most respondents in this study had pre-pregnant BMI normal and 62% of respondents experienced weight gain during pregnancy, according to the recommendations. There is a significant relationship between pre-pregnant BMI birth weight (p=0.006), as well as weight gain during pregnancy had no significant relationship with birth weight, with p=0.024.

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Food habits and Pregnancy outcomes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-132630/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Devdatt Pitale

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

Food Habits ◽

P Value ◽

Age Group ◽

Maternal Nutritional Status ◽

Nicu Admission

Abstract Introduction: Nutrition during pregnancy plays an important role for an optimum outcome of pregnancy. Women may be malnourished even before they become pregnant and this may further adversely affect the pregnancy. Maternal undernutrition can lead to poor intrauterine growth and low weight of the baby at birth. Moreover, the leading causes for maternal deaths like hemorrhage and infection are related directly or indirectly to nutrition. Aim of the Study: To study the impact of existing food habits on pregnancy outcome in a south Indian population. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted at a tertiary health care and research institute in India. From the antenatal clinic, 350 women who satisfied the following inclusion and exclusion criteria were admitted to the study. Results: The majority of pregnant women belonged to the age group of 21-25 yrs (47%) followed by the 26-30 yrs age group (40%).The number of teenage pregnancies was 30 (8%) whereas 5% of pregnant women belong the age group of 31-35 yrs.83% of the study population belonged to the low socioeconomic class. Majority of the babies (66%) had the birth weight in the range of 2.5-2.9 kgs. 29 % of babies had birth weight in the range of 3-3.5 kgs. There was a significant association (p value < 0.05) between the socioeconomic status of the mother, parity and her calorie intake. The present study found a statistically significant association between the maternal nutritional status, the birth weight of the baby and the need for NICU admission (p value < 0.05). Conclusion: Maternal food habits have an impact on the pregnancy outcome. Maternal food habits are influenced by many factors like socioeconomic status, parity, social food taboos and pregnancy itself. The pregnancy outcomes like birth weight, need for NICU admission and postnatal complications are influenced by maternal nutritional status.

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Hubungan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) awal kehamilan dengan luaran maternal neonatal

e-CliniC ◽

10.35790/ecl.4.2.2016.14375 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Rut C.F. Weku ◽

John J.E. Wantania ◽

Joice M.M Sondakh

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Neonatal Outcomes ◽

Sectio Caesarea ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Maternal Nutritional Status ◽

Maternal And Neonatal Outcomes ◽

The Relationship

Abstract: Maternal nutritional status is very important for the outcomes of pregnancy. The best indicator for measuring the nutritional status is Body Mass Index (BMI). Abnormal BMI in early pregnancy is associated with various complications for the mother as well as the baby. This study was aimed to obtain the relationship between BMI in early pregnancy and maternal and neonatal outcomes. This was a retrospective analytical study with a cross sectional study. The results showed that there was a siginificant relationship between BMI in early pregnancy and blood pressure (p=0.049), but there was no significant relationship between BMI in early pregnancy and mode of delivery (p=0.067), birth (p=0.100), infant mortality (0.377), and APGAR score (p=0.100). Conclusion: Pregnant woman with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 had a risk of hypertension in pregnancy and a sectio caesarea in delivery; and the baby showed a tendency of low birth weight, risk to death, and asphyxia.Keywords: BMI, pregnancy and maternal neonatal outcomes Abstrak: Status gizi ibu sangat penting terhadap luaran kehamilan. Indikator untuk mengukur status gizi ialah Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT). Ibu dengan IMT awal kehamilan yang tidak dalam batas normal berkaitan dengan berbagai komplikasi baik terhadap ibu maupun bayi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara IMT awal kehamilan dengan luaran maternal neonatal. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik-retrospektif dengan desain potong lintang. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa IMT awal kehamilan berhubungan bermakna dengan tekanan darah (p=0,049), tetapi tidak ditemukan hubungan bermakna antara IMT awal kehamilan dengan cara persalinan (p=0,069), berat badan lahir bayi (p=1,000), kematian bayi (p=0,377), dan APGAR skor (p=1,000). Simpulan: Ibu dengan IMT≥25 kg/m2 berisiko mengalami hipertensi dalam kehamilan, cenderung menjalani persalinan dengan seksio sesarea, dan bayinya cenderung memiliki berat badan lahir rendah, mengalami kematian, dan asfiksia. Kata kunci: IMT, kehamilan dan luaran maternal neonatal.

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Changing pattern of birth weight over a decade in rural India

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20174453 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. 4625 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vidyadhar B. Bangal ◽

Satyajit P. Gavhane ◽

Swati D. Gagare ◽

Kunal H. Aher ◽

Dhruval K. Bhavsar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Economic Status ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Childhood Mortality ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Maternal Weight ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

The Government

Background: Birth weight is one of the important determinants of neonatal wellbeing. Birth weight has many determinants that mainly include maternal nutritional status and the term of gestation. Low birth weight is associated with high neonatal and childhood mortality and morbidity. Over the years the birth weight is showing the increasing trend in developing countries like India. The study aimed at finding out the changing pattern of birth weight over a decade in rural India.Methods: A retrospective analysis of over 45,000 births that took place in Tertiary care hospital from year 2008-2017was undertaken. The socio economic determinants of birth weight were studied.Results: The incidence of low birth weight declined from 47 percent to 35 percent over ten years. The mean rise in birth weight in ten years was observed in both male (176 grams) and female (151grams).The incidence of very low birth and extremely low birth was found declined. There was positive co relationship between improved birth weight and improved socio economic status, delay in age at marriage, higher maternal weight gain during pregnancy, improved pre pregnancy nutritional status of women.Conclusions: There is steady decline in incidence of low birth weight over last ten years in study area. Improved maternal health, better nutrition, improved quality of antenatal care and various efforts and actions from the government side have contributed in improving the birth weight.

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Maternal BMI and nutritional status in early pregnancy and its impact on neonatal outcomes at birth in Bangladesh

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-019-2571-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bishwajit Bhowmik ◽

Tasnima Siddique ◽

Anindita Majumder ◽

Ibrahimu Mdala ◽

Israt A. Hossain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Vitamin B12 ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Serum Folate ◽

Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽

Neonatal Birth Weight ◽

Maternal Bmi

Abstract Background To assess the maternal characteristics and nutritional status according to body mass index (BMI) at 6–14 weeks of gestation and to examine the relationship between maternal nutritional status in early pregnancy and its impact on neonatal birth weight. Methods The investigation was conducted from April 2011 to June 2012 in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 498 primigravida pregnant women participated in the study; women with known diabetes or previous gestational diabetes (GDM) were excluded. Maternal demographic details, pregnancy history and anthropometric measurements were obtained from the mother at the recruitment (6–14 weeks), 2nd visit between 24 and 28 week of gestation and 3rd visit at delivery. Cord venous blood samples of newborns (n = 138) were collected immediately after delivery for blood glucose, insulin, lipid profile, leptin and micronutrients including serum folate, ferritin, homocysteine, vitamin D, and vitamin B12. Results The prevalence at 6–14 weeks of pregnancy of anemia (Hb, < 11 g/dl), vitamin D deficiency (< 30 nmol/l), vitamin B12 deficiency (< 200 pg/ml), high homocysteine level (> 15 μmol/l), folate deficiency (< 3 ng/ml) and iron deficiency (ferritin < 13 ng/ml) were 19.5, 46.4, 15.1, 1.2, 0.4, and 12.7% respectively. GDM was found in 18.4% women. The prevalence of GDM was higher in overweight women (28.1%) than underweight (16.7%) and normal weight women (16.0%: p < 0.05). The incidence of low birth weight (LBW) and preterm delivery were 11.6 and 5.8% respectively and was not related to maternal BMI at 6–14 weeks of pregnancy. Maternal height was positively (p = 0.02), and homocysteine was negatively associated with neonatal birth weight (p = 0.02). In addition, the newborn’s cord serum folate was positively (p = 0.03) and cord triglyceride was negatively (p = 0.03) associated with neonatal birth weight. Conclusion Multiple maternal micronutrient deficiencies were present in early pregnancy. Maternal BMI in early pregnancy was not related to preterm deliveries or LBW. LBW was associated with lower folate, elevated cord triglyceride concentrations of the neonates and mother’s height and increase in maternal homocysteine levels. The data has important implications for pregnancy care in Bangladesh and other similar communities.

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