scholarly journals Effects of replacing fish oil with palm oil in diets of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) on muscle biochemical composition, enzyme activities, and mRNA expression of growth-related genes

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Larbi Ayisi ◽  
Jinliang Zhao ◽  
Chen Yame ◽  
Andrews Apraku ◽  
Grace Debra
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Due to the continuous demand for fish coupled with decline in capture fisheries, there is the need to increase aquaculture production to meet the demand. Aquaculture is faced with high cost of feeding since fish oil and fish meal are expensive. In view of this, there are calls to explore alternatives that are cheap and reliable. Objectives This study on Oreochromis niloticus was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing fish oil (FO) with palm oil (PO) at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% on muscle fatty acid and proximate composition as well as growth-related enzyme activities and mRNA expression. Methods Oreochromis niloticus were fed five experimental diets (33% crude protein and 10% crude lipid) for 8 weeks. Feed had variation in fish oil and palm oil contents. After the 8 weeks feeding trial, five fish were sampled from each tank (15 from each treatment) and euthanized using an excess dose of tricaine methane sulfonate (MS-222 at 200 mg/L). Fatty acid and enzyme activities were analyzed using standard protocols. Also, RT-qPCR was used to quantify the expression levels of selected growth-related genes. Results Fish fed 25% PO recorded the least muscle protein content and was significantly lower than the group fed 100% PO. Paired box protein 7 (Pax-7) enzyme activity was significantly higher in the group fed 50% PO compared to the groups fed 25% PO and 100% PO, while caplain-3 (Capn-3) was significantly lower in the group fed 0% PO compared to all other groups. There was a significant difference among treatments with respect to mRNA expression of Pax-7 and Capn-3. Group fed 25% PO had significantly lower mRNA expression of Pax-7, while the group fed 75% PO recorded significantly higher mRNA expression of Capn-3 compared to groups fed 0% PO, 25% PO, and 100% PO. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that Igf-I and Igf-II mRNA expression have significant correlation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids content in muscle. Conclusion The results suggest muscle protein content could be modified if FO is replaced with PO. Also, mRNA expression of Pax-7 and Capn-3 is affected by replacing FO with PO.

scholarly journals SUBSTITUTION OF FISH OIL WITH PALM KERNEL OIL IN DIETS OF Oreochromis niloticus FRY: EFFECTS ON GROWTH, FEED UTILIZATION AND ECONOMIC ESTIMATES

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Christian Larbi Ayisi ◽  
Elliot Haruna Alhassan ◽  
Freda Sarfo
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

This study assessed the impact of replacing fish oil with palm kernel oil (PKO) in the diet of Oreochromis niloticus fry on growth, feed efficiency and proximate composition. Three isonitrogenous (30% crude protein) and isolipidic (10% crude lipid) diets were formulated using palm kernel oil as a substitute for fish oil at 0% (PKO-0), 50% (PKO-50), and 100% (PKO-100). Two hundred O. niloticus fry with initial weight of 0.80± 0.25g were purchased from Water Research Institute Upper West, Ghana and transported to the Spanish Laboratory of University for Development Studies (Ghana) where they were kept and fed two times a day on commercial diet from Ranaan feed for two weeks. The fry was then stocked in triplicate groups in 60 L tanks (50 cm x 40 cm x 40 cm) at 20 fry per tank. At the end of the eight weeks feeding trial, there was a significant difference amongst the three treatments with respect to final weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and specific growth rate. It was observed that the least mean values for feed intake, protein productive value, protein efficiency ratio, and protein intake occurred in fish fed PKO-0. There was a trend of increasing whole body moisture content as palm kernel oil increased. Fish fed PKO-0 recorded the lowest lipid content (7.48 ± 1.13%) in the whole body. From the economic analysis, it is evident that palm kernel oil is a cheaper source of lipid for tilapia. This study therefore recommends palm kernel oil as a substitute for tilapia diet.

scholarly journals The Effect of Enriched Daphnia sp. with Different Source of Oil on the Survival Rate and the Growth of Oreochromis niloticus Larvae

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Mokoginta ◽  
Dedi Jusadi ◽  
T.L. Pelawi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Lipid Level ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Fatty Acid Level ◽  
Ad Libitum

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="in" xml:lang="in">ABSTRACT<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="in" xml:lang="in">This experiment was conducted to evaluate best source of oil to enriched <em>Daphnia</em> sp. before fed it to <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em> larvae. Four treatments were used in this experiment; first, <em>Daphnia</em> sp. without encrichment, second <em>Daphnia</em> sp. enriched with fish oil, third <em>Daphnia</em> sp. enriched with corn oil and the fourth <em>Daphnia</em> sp. enriched with coconut oil. Three days old larvae fed on <em>Daphnia</em> sp. with size of </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Symbol;" lang="in" xml:lang="in"><span>£</span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="in" xml:lang="in"> 0,5 mm at the first week and 0,6 – 1,0 mm as the second week of this experiment. Larvae fed on <em>Daphnia</em> sp. 5 times daily, <em>ad libitum</em>, for 14 days. Larvae was reared in the small cages (2,25 l), and all cages was placed in the aquarium. Larvae density was 48 larvae/l. This experiment showed that the lipid level in <em>Daphnia</em> sp. enriched with oil was higher than that of no enrichment <em>Daphnia</em> sp. The highest n3- fatty acid level was found in <em>Daphnia</em> sp. enriched with fish oil, and the highest n6- fatty acid level was found in <em>Daphnia</em> sp. enriched with corn oil. Larvae fed on <em>Daphnia</em> sp. enriched with oil have a higher relative growth rate than that fed on <em>Daphnia</em> sp. without enrichment. The highest survival rate of larvae was found by feeding them with <em>Daphnia</em> sp. enriched with corn oil (<em>p</em> &lt; 0,05).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="in" xml:lang="in">Key words : <em>Daphnia</em> sp., enrichment, larvae, <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span></p><h2 style="margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="in" xml:lang="in">ABSTRAK</span></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="in" xml:lang="in">Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi sumber minyak yang terbaik bagi pengkayaan <em>Daphnia</em> sp. sebelum diberikan ke larva ikan nila, <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>. Ada 4 perlakuan dalam penelitian ini yaitu <em>Daphnia</em> sp. yang tidak diperkaya minyak; <em>Daphnia</em> sp. yang diperkaya minyak ikan; <em>Daphnia</em> sp. yang diperkaya minyak jagung; dan <em>Daphnia</em> sp. yang diperkaya minyak kelapa. Larva ikan nila, <em>Oreochromis niloticus </em>berumur 3 hari ditebar dalam hapa kecil (volume 2,25 l) sebanyak 48 ekor/l, dan seluruh hapa diletakkan dalam akuarium berukuran 100x50x40 cm. <em>Daphnia</em> sp. diperkaya terlebih dahulu dengan minyak sesuai perlakuan sebelum diberikan ke larva. Pada minggu pertama pemeliharaan larva, ukuran <em>Daphnia</em> sp. yang digunakan adalah </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Symbol;" lang="in" xml:lang="in"><span>£</span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="in" xml:lang="in"> 0,5 mm dan pada minggu ke dua 0.6 – 1.0 mm. <em>Daphnia</em> sp. diberikan sebanyak 5 kali dalam sehari secara <em>ad libitum</em> dan pemberian pakan dilakukan selama 14 hari. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa kadar lemak <em>Daphnia</em> sp. yang diperkaya minyak lebih tinggi dari <em>Daphnia</em> sp. yang tidak diperkaya, dan hal ini berpengaruh pula pada kadar lemak tubuh larva. Kadar asam lemak –n3 tertinggi terdapat pada <em>Daphnia</em> sp. yang diperkaya minyak ikan dan kadar asam lemak –n6 tertinggi terdapat pada <em>Daphnia</em> sp. yang diperkaya minyak jagung. Larva yang diberi <em>Daphnia</em> sp. yang diperkaya dengan minyak mempunyai pertambahan bobot relatif dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup yang lebih tinggi dari larva yang diberi <em>Daphnia</em> sp. yang tidak diperkaya; dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup larva yang tertinggi dihasilkan oleh perlakuan pemberian <em>Daphnia</em> sp. yang diperkaya minyak jagung (P &lt; 0,05), walaupun pertumbuhan bobot relatifnya sama dengan perlakuan lainnya (<em>p</em> &gt; 0,05).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="in" xml:lang="in">Kata kunci : <em>Daphnia</em> sp., pengkayaan, larva, <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em></span></p>

scholarly journals Acute postprandial effect of hydrogenated fish oil, palm oil and lard on plasma cholesterol, triacylglycerol and non-esterified fatty acid metabolism in normocholesterolaemic males

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie M. Cantwell ◽  
Mary A.T. Flynn ◽  
Michael J. Gibney
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Analysis ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Postprandial Response ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The majority of research has focused on the association betweentransunsaturated fatty acids (TUFA) from hydrogenated vegetable oils and heart disease even though TUFA are also produced from hydrogenated fish oil. We compared the acute effect of three solid fats on postprandial cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TAG) and NEFA concentrations in normocholesterolaemic males. Eight healthy male volunteers consumed each of the three 40g fat meals (partially hydrogenated fish oil (PHFO), palm oil and lard) in random order and blood samples were drawn at 2, 4, 6 and 8h thereafter for lipid analysis. The postprandial response in plasma TAG, TAG-rich lipoprotein-TAG (TRL-TAG), total cholesterol and plasma NEFA, measured as the area under the postprandial curve, was not significantly different between the three meals (p>0·05), which varied in MUFA, PUFA and TUFA content. There was no marked elevation of longer-chain fatty acids (C20–22,cisortransisomers) into the TRL-TAG fraction following the PHFO meal even though they provided 40% of the total fatty acids in the PHFO meal. The postprandial TRL-TAG response to PHFO was expected to be higher, as it is higher in TUFA, lower in PUFA and similar in saturated fatty acid composition compared with the lard and palm oil test meals. The absence of a higher postprandial response following ingestion of PHFO could be as a result of reduced absorption and increased oxidation of long-chain fatty acids (bothcisandtransisomers)

scholarly journals Muscle Antioxidant Enzymes Activity and Gene Expression Are Altered by Diet-Induced Increase in Muscle Essential Fatty Acid (α-linolenic acid) Concentration in Sheep Used as a Model

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Ponnampalam ◽  
Vahid Vahedi ◽  
Khageswor Giri ◽  
Paul Lewandowski ◽  
Joe Jacobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid

This study investigated the effect of dietary manipulations on muscle fatty acid composition, the activities and relative mRNA expressions of antioxidant enzymes and the relationship between muscle enzyme activity or mRNA expression and alpha linolenic acid (ALA) concentration in sheep. Eighty-four lambs blocked on liveweight were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments, lucerne pasture (Lucerne), annual ryegrass pasture (Ryegrass), feedlot pellets (Feedlot) or annual ryegrass plus feedlot pellets (RyeFeedlot). After six weeks of feeding, lambs were slaughtered and within 30 min post-mortem, samples collected from the longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle for RNA isolation and measurement of antioxidant enzyme activities. At 24 h post-mortem, LL samples were collected for determination of fatty acid concentrations. Feedlot treatment decreased ALA, eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosapentaenoic (DPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) concentrations compared with other treatments and increased linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA) compared with Lucerne and Ryegrass (p < 0.001). The activity of Glutathione peroxidase (GPX1, p < 0.001) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD2, p < 0.001) enzymes in the muscle increased with Lucerne compared to other treatments. Lucerne increased muscle gpx1 mRNA expression by 1.74-fold (p = 0.01) and 1.68-fold (p = 0.05) compared with Feedlot and other diets, respectively. The GPX1 (r2 = 0.319, p = 0.002) and SOD2 (r2 = 0.244, p = 0.009) enzyme activities were positively related to ALA. There was a positive linear relationship between muscle gpx1 (r2 = 0.102, p = 0.017) or sod2 (r2 = 0.049, p = 0.09) mRNA expressions and ALA concentration. This study demonstrates that diet can affect concentrations of ALA and other fatty acids as well as change activities and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in muscle. Increased antioxidant activity may, in turn, have beneficial effects on the performance, health and wellbeing of animals and humans.

scholarly journals Fat Encapsulation Reduces Diarrhea in Piglets Partially by Repairing the Intestinal Barrier and Improving Fatty Acid Transport

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Min Tian ◽  
Jiaming Chen ◽  
Zhihui Wu ◽  
Hanqing Song ◽  
Fei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fatty Acid Transport ◽  
Acid Transport ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding

(1) Background: Nutritional strategies to enhance gut function and reduce the piglet diarrhea rate are critical to increase the growth performance of piglets. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether dietary fat types and/or fat microencapsulation techniques are involved in regulating the fatty acid transport system and the mechanical and immunological barriers of the small intestine. (2) Methods: Three hundred twenty-four weaning piglets were randomly divided into three groups fed a soybean oil diet (SBO, control group, 6.0% soybean oil), palm oil diet (PO, 6.0% palm oil), or encapsulated palm oil diet (EPO, 7.5% encapsulated palm oil). (3) Results: A significantly lower mRNA expression of the claudin was observed in the duodenum and jejunum of the PO group than in the SBO group (p < 0.05). However, the mRNA expression and protein abundance of claudin and ZO-1 in the jejunum of the EPO group were higher (p < 0.05) than in the PO group. Porcine β-defensin (pBD) secretion was not significantly different between the SBO and PO groups (p > 0.05), while the pBD-2 levels were significantly different (p < 0.05). Compared with the PO group, the EPO group exhibited a significantly increased secretion of pBD-2 and pBD-129 in the small intestine (p < 0.05) and pBD-1 in the jejunum and ileum (p < 0.05). The protein abundances of apolipoprotein AIV (Apo AIV) and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) were significantly lower in the PO group than in the SBO group (p < 0.05). Simultaneously, the protein abundances of fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4), fatty acid translocase (CD36), and I-FABP were higher in the EPO group than in the PO group. Furthermore, the low digestibility of palm oil (PO group) might negatively regulate intestinal tight junctions, fatty acid transporters, lipoproteins, and β-defensin through the activation of the AMPK/mTORC1 and AMPK/Sirt1/NF-κB pathways. (4) Conclusions: In summary, microencapsulation techniques might alleviate the negative effects of palm oil and help to improve the intestinal fatty acid transport system and barrier function.

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