Religion and Innovation

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 346-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Bénabou ◽  
Davide Ticchi ◽  
Andrea Vindigni
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Attitudes Toward Science ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Us States ◽  
High Significance ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
And Control

In earlier work we identified a robust negative association between religiosity and patents per capita, holding across countries as well as US states. In this paper we relate 11 indicators of individual openness to innovation (e.g., attitudes toward science and technology, new versus old ideas, change, risk taking, agency, imagination, and independence in children) to 5 measures of religiosity, including beliefs and attendance. We use five waves of the World Values Survey and control for sociodemographics, country and year fixed effects. Across the 52 regressions, greater religiosity is almost uniformly associated to less favorable views of innovation, with high significance.

scholarly journals Interpersonal Insecurity and Risk-Taking Propensity Across Domains and Around the Globe

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 147470491879552
Author(s):  
Jingyi Lu ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Jiayi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Risk Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Theory ◽  
The World ◽  
Financial Domain ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Relationship

During social interactions, individuals frequently experience interpersonal insecurity, including feelings of not being loved, protected, trusted, or cared for; these feelings cause numerous behavioral consequences. The present research explores the relationship between interpersonal insecurity and risk-taking propensity in multiple risk domains and around the globe based on risk-sensitivity theory and research on group identity. In Study 1, participants ( N = 209) reported their interpersonal insecurity and risk-taking propensity across seven risk domains. The results show that risk-taking propensity generally increases with interpersonal insecurity. However, this relationship was negative in the cooperation domain and null in the financial domain. In Study 2 ( N = 128,162), data from the World Values Survey from 77 countries reveal a positive correlation between risk-taking propensity and interpersonal insecurity with in-group members but a negative relationship between risk-taking propensity and interpersonal insecurity with out-group members.

scholarly journals Religiosity and Individual Agency: Denominational Affiliation, Religious Action, and Sense of Control (SOC) in Life

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Jae-Mahn Shim
Keyword(s):  
Positive Association ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Sense Of Control ◽  
Practical Action ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

By reporting findings from Wave 6 of the World Values Survey, this paper presents a renewed understanding of the relationship between religiosity and individual agency that is defined as sense of control (SOC) in life. In doing so, it proposes two conceptual articulations of religiosity. First, it articulates religiosity to be composed of categorical (i.e., denominational affiliation) and substantive (i.e., religious action) aspects. Second, it articulates substantive religious action to be multivocal, involving individual–affective, individual–practical, and collective–practical action. The paper finds that categorical denominational affiliation has varying effects on SOC, whereas substantive religious action mediates these effects in such a way that it consistently boosts SOC. A positive association between denominational affiliation (vs. non-affiliation) and SOC becomes smaller when religious action is accounted for. A negative association becomes greater when religious action is accounted for. In sum, the paper argues for the positive mediating effect of religious action on the varying relationship between denominational affiliation and SOC.

scholarly journals Topics in National Anthems

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Radu Silaghi-Dumitrescu
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Anecdotal Evidence ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Work Attachment

<p><em>National anthems are occasionally quoted, mostly based on anecdotal evidence or arguments, to be correlated with societal features. The present study aims to identify the pervasive topics in national anthems, and then to establish whether connections may be established between these topics and some basic societal features. Upon examination of ~200 anthems, such recurring themes were identified: ancestry/past, beauty, build/work, country name, courage, democracy, enemy, ethnicity, family, man, woman, fight, flag/colours, forever/never, future, geographical references, glory, independence/freedom, joy/happiness, home/mother/father-land, law/governance, leader, love, loyalty, peace, poverty/wealth, pride, religion, revolution, sacred, sacrifice, salvation, sorrow, treason, tyrant/chains, unity, win/victory. The number of topics, as well as their bias (e.g., towards identity, or towards fight, or towards general well-being), vary widely between anthems; groups of anthems may be identified based on these tendencies. Moreover, the number of topics, their bias, and/or the date of adoption can be proven to correlate to some extent to more general societal features such as date of adoption, age of country, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, Gini coefficient, size of armed forces, inequality, inequality-adjusted human development index, and a number of parameters from the World Values Survey (WVS) database (related to religion, gender equality, attitude towards other nationalities/races, attitude towards work, attachment to democratic values etc). This set of data and the herein identified correlations may offer grounds for further, more detailed exploration of a variety of correlations between societal features and official narratives, starting with the national anthems as prime example.</em></p><p><br /><em></em></p>

scholarly journals Who Favors Education? Insights from the World Values Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 509-541
Author(s):  
Horst Feldmann
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Family Values ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Political Position ◽  
The World ◽  
Status Number ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Using World Values Survey data from 55 countries, this article provides detailed insights into the characteristics of people who place a high value on education – and into the characteristics of those who don’t. It finds that attitudes toward education vary across the following characteristics: educational attainment, income, social class, political position, postmaterialist values, religion, sex, age, ethnicity, marital status, number of children, family values and employment status. Countries’ average GDP per capita affects people’s views of education too. Whereas some results are in line with theoretical expectations and previous empirical research, others are surprising.

scholarly journals Do Perceptions About Local Environmental Quality Influence Self-Rated Health? Evidence from Ghana

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iddisah Sulemana
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Global Environmental Problems ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Poor Water Quality ◽  
The World

<p>Although climate change and other global environmental problems are of top priority among world leaders (especially for those of developed countries), local environmental problems continue to bedevil people in developing countries like Ghana. In these countries, people continue to battle with poor air quality, poor water quality and poor sewage and sanitation. In this paper, I examine the association between perceived local environmental quality and self-rated health among Ghanaians.  Empirical results from ordered probit regressions, based on data from the Wave 5 of the World Values Survey, reveal a negative association between environmental quality measure and self-rated health.</p>

scholarly journals Does Trade Openness Matter for Economic Growth in the CEE Countries?

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Njindan Iyke
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Closed Economies ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
The World ◽  
Real Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita

AbstractThis paper sets out to answer the question: Is trade openness important for economic growth in the Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries? The policyoriented measures of trade openness used in earlier studies have been argued to be subjective, while the simple outcome-oriented measures only capture one aspect of trade openness, namely: countries’ share of trade. Hence, following Squalli and Wilson (2011), the paper constructs a new outcome-oriented measure of trade openness which captures a country’s share of trade, and its interaction and interconnectedness with the rest of the world. Using fixed-effects regressions for 17 CEE countries over the period 1994 - 2014, the paper finds trade openness to be important for growth within the CEE countries. In particular, the results show that increases in trade openness is associated with increases in real GDP per capita growth within these countries. The results appear significantly the same after we dropped Croatia and Estonia - two historically closed economies.

scholarly journals Estimating the Number of Patents in the World Using Count Panel Data Models

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed H. Youssef ◽  
Mohamed R. Abonazel ◽  
Elsayed G. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
High Income ◽  
Panel Data Models ◽  
The World ◽  
Count Panel Data ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Binomial Models

In this paper, we review some estimators of count regression (Poisson and negative binomial) models in panel data modeling.  These estimators based on the type of the panel data model (the model with fixed or random effects). Moreover, we study and compare the performance of these estimators based on a real dataset application. In our application, we study the effect of some economic variables on the number of patents for seventeen high-income countries in the world over the period from 2005 to 2016. The results indicate that the negative binomial model with fixed effects is the better and suitable for data, and the important (statistically significant) variables that effect on the number of patents in high-income countries are research and development (R&D) expenditures and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita.

Invasive Shot Hole Borers Euwallacea fornicatus, E. kuroshio, and E. perbrevis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Demian F. Gomez ◽  
Jiri Hulcr ◽  
Daniel Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Invasive Insects ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control

Invasive species, those that are nonnative and cause economic damage, are one of the main threats to ecosystems around the world. Ambrosia beetles are some of the most common invasive insects. Currently, severe economic impacts have been increasingly reported for all the invasive shot hole borers in South Africa, California, Israel, and throughout Asia. This 7-page fact sheet written by Demian F. Gomez, Jiri Hulcr, and Daniel Carrillo and published by the School of Forest Resources and Conservation describes shot hole borers and their biology and hosts and lists some strategies for prevention and control of these pests. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr422

Searching for new Sources of growth. Are the Developing Countries Catching up with the Developed ones?

2015 ◽  
pp. 30-53
Author(s):  
V. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The West ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Divergence ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Relative Standing

This paper examines the trajectory of growth in the Global South. Before the 1500s all countries were roughly at the same level of development, but from the 1500s Western countries started to grow faster than the rest of the world and PPP GDP per capita by 1950 in the US, the richest Western nation, was nearly 5 times higher than the world average and 2 times higher than in Western Europe. Since 1950 this ratio stabilized - not only Western Europe and Japan improved their relative standing in per capita income versus the US, but also East Asia, South Asia and some developing countries in other regions started to bridge the gap with the West. After nearly half of the millennium of growing economic divergence, the world seems to have entered the era of convergence. The factors behind these trends are analyzed; implications for the future and possible scenarios are considered.

Optimum Structure of the Banking Market: How Many Banks Are Necessary for Russia?

2006 ◽  
pp. 75-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Moiseev
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Optimum Structure ◽  
Population Number ◽  
The Third ◽  
Banking Market ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Equilibrium Number

The number of classical banks in the world has reduced. In the majority of countries the number of banks does not exceed 200. The uniqueness of the Russian banking sector is that in this respect it takes the third place in the world after the USA and Germany. The paper reviews the conclusions of the economic theory about the optimum structure of the banking market. The empirical analysis shows that the number of banks in a country is influenced by the size of its territory, population number and GDP per capita. Our econometric estimate is that the equilibrium number of banks in Russia should be in a range of 180-220 units.

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