A community-based study to examine the effect of a youth HIV prevention programme in South Africa

The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among changes in self-reported HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) and exposure to the loveLife youth HIV prevention programmes. A cross-sectional population-based household survey was conducted using a multistage stratified cluster sampling approach. The total sample included 3123 participants, aged 18–24, 54.6% men and 45.4% women, from four provinces (Eastern Cape, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga). Results indicate a self-reported STI past-year prevalence of 2.6%, experienced genital sores or ulcers in the past year prevalence of 3.9% and an HIV self-reported prevalence of 7.4%. In multivariable analyses it was found that knowing a person living with HIV and a person who has died from AIDS, lower education, having had two or more sexual partners in the past year, not having talked with a partner about condom use, difficulty of getting condoms and not having been male circumcised were associated with having been diagnosed with an STI in the past 12 months and/or HIV. Face-to-face and multimedia youth HIV prevention programmes had limited effect.

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Relationship between sleep duration and hypertension in northeast China: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023916 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. e023916 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Meng Li ◽

Shoumeng Yan ◽

Shan Jiang ◽

Xiaoyu Ma ◽

Tianyu Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Northeast China ◽

Total Sample ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Short Sleep Duration ◽

Cross Sectional

ObjectivesPrevious studies have reported that sleep duration might increase the risk of hypertension. However, the results have been conflicting. We investigated whether sleep duration is independently associated with hypertension. We aimed to assess the relationship between sleep duration and hypertension in a population-based cross-sectional study.MethodsIn this study we used multistage stratified cluster sampling. A total of 19 407 adults aged 18–79 years were enrolled in the study. The participants were divided into three groups (<7 hours/day, 7–8 hours/day and >8 hours/day) according to self-reported sleep duration. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg or the use of anti-hypertensive medications. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to determine the association between hypertension and sleep duration adjusted for sociodemographic, body mass index, and lifestyle covariates.ResultsThe overall prevalence of hypertension was 32.6%. Among participants aged 18–44 years, individuals sleeping less than 7 hours per day had a higher risk of hypertension (OR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.46), compared with those who slept 7–8 hours per day. There were no significant associations between sleep duration and hypertension in the total sample, among middle-aged adults (45–59 years) or older adults (60–79 years).ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that short sleep duration was significantly associated with hypertension among people aged 18–44 years in northeast China.

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Socio-economic Status and Associated Factors in the Uptake of HIV Testing: Findings from the South African Population-based National Household Survey Conducted in 2017

10.21203/rs.3.rs-108686/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sean Jooste ◽

Musawenkosi Mabaso ◽

Myra Taylor ◽

Alicia North ◽

Yolande Shean ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Testing ◽

Perceived Risk ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Economic Status ◽

Household Survey ◽

Population Based ◽

Hiv Treatment ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Testing Uptake

Abstract Background: Improved understanding of barriers to HIV testing is important for reaching the first of the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets, which states that 90 percent of HIV positive individuals ought to know their HIV status. This study examined socioeconomic status (SES) factors and related covariates associated with HIV testing uptake in the general population in South Africa. Information on SES and HIV testing may impact the HIV treatment and care cascade and prevention of HIV transmission. Methods: This study used data obtained from a national cross-sectional, population-based household survey conducted in 2017 using a multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling design. A composite SES score was created using multiple correspondence analyses of household assets; households were classified into wealth quintiles and dichotomized into low SES/poorest (lowest 3 quintiles) and high SES/less-poor (highest 2 quintiles). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to analyse associations between the uptake of HIV testing and a set of socio-demographic and HIV-related variables. Results: HIV testing uptake was 73.8% and 76.7% among low and high SES household, respectively, both of which were below the first 90 target. The findings showed increased uptake of HIV testing was associated with being female and having a higher educational level independent of SES. Decreased uptake of HIV testing was associated with being from White and Indian/Asian race groups, residing in rural formal areas, alcohol consumption, and high self-perceived risk of HIV infection.Conclusions: We found that HIV testing uptake was similar for people from both low and high SES. However, interventions aimed at improving HIV testing in order to reach the first 90 target, should target males, all race groups, those with low education attainment, and those residing in rural formal areas. Reaching the first target will require efforts to improve community knowledge, and awareness about the negative impact of alcohol use and address HIV risk perception.

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Oral health status and associated lifestyle behaviors among Iranian adults: a population based household survey

10.21203/rs.2.9844/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Leila Jahangiry ◽

Raziollah Bagheri ◽

Parvin Sarbakhsh ◽

Fatemeh Darabi ◽

Mohammad Mehdi Naghibi Sistani

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Oral Health ◽

Adult Population ◽

Household Survey ◽

Population Based ◽

Oral Health Status ◽

Population Increase ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: A poor oral health can lead to serious oral diseases like periodontitis, tooth decay, pain and discomfort in teeth or gums, infection and loss of tooth. Iran will experience a dramatic aging population increase in the next decades. Despite increasing attention into healthy ageing, there is relatively less emphasis on oral health. This household survey aimed to investigate oral health status by WHO oral health assessment questionnaire among adults population in Tabriz. This knowledge may provide vital information to those who are planning strategies of oral health care for adult population. Method: A population-based household survey was conducted in order to recruit a representative sample of adults from the community. This cross-sectional study carried out among adults aged 18 to 65 years old between May and October 2016 in Tabriz (Iran). The study population was sampled using multi-stage cluster sampling design. The WHO’s oral health questionnaire (WHO’s OHQ) for adults was used for measuring oral health status and oral health behavior. Results: In this study, a total of 2310 respondents completed the survey. The mean age (SD) of the participants was 41.6 (23.4) years. About 48.8% of participants were male and 51.2% were female. 187 (8.1%) were edentulous of which 152(20.7%) were participants aged 50-65 year. 72.3% of populations were dentate in that they had 20 or more teeth. Half of adults aged 50-65 years they had 20 or more teeth. About one third of participants reported that they don’t brush their teeth daily (23% for 18-35 years old adults, 35.9 for 36-50 years,and 44.6 for 51-65 years). 39.4% of adults in 18-35 years, 34.1% in 36-50 years and 26.6 in 51-65 years had visited a dentist less than 6-month ago. One third of participants have frequent sweets meals every day and frequently consume tea with sugar. Conclusion: The combination of oral health status indicates that even though the majority of Iranian assess their teeth positively, a minority of participants display routinely dental visits. The study findings suggest that by increasing age and also dramatically Iranian population aging, poor oral health may increase the risk of adverse health outcomes.

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Association of Edentulism with Various Chronic Diseases in Mexican Elders 60+ Years: Results of a Population-Based Survey

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9040404 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 404

Author(s):

Alejandro José Casanova-Rosado ◽

Juan Fernando Casanova-Rosado ◽

Mirna Minaya-Sánchez ◽

José Luís Robles-Minaya ◽

Juan Alejandro Casanova-Sarmiento ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Angina Pectoris ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Population Based ◽

Self Report ◽

World Health ◽

Complex Nature ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

World Health Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

Objective: To determine the association of edentulism with different chronic diseases and mental disorders in Mexicans aged 60 years and over. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out using data from the World Health Survey for Mexico, in a probabilistic, multi-stage cluster sampling framework. Data for self-report of chronic diseases (diabetes, arthritis, angina pectoris and asthma), mental disorders (depression and schizophrenia) and edentulism were analyzed. Edentulism data were available for 20 of the 32 States of Mexico. Statistical analysis was performed in Stata 14.0 using the svy module for complex sampling (Complex nature under which individuals are sampled). Results: In total 4213 subjects were included, representing a population of 7,576,057 individuals. Mean age was 70.13 ± 7.82 years (range 60 to 98); 56.2% were women. Chronic diseases’ prevalence and mental disorders prevalence were as follows: diabetes 15.0% (N = 1,132,693); arthritis 13.2% (N = 1,001,667); depression 5.5% (N = 414,912); angina pectoris 4.5% (344,315); asthma 3.6% (N = 269,287); and schizophrenia 2.2% (N = 16,988). The prevalence of edentulism was 26.3%, which pertained to 1,993,463 people aged 60 years and over. Angina in women aged 60 to 69 years (p < 0.05) and depression in men aged 70 years and over (p < 0.0001) were associated with higher prevalence of edentulism. Conclusions: There was generally sparse association between edentulism on chronic diseases and mental disorders included in the study, except for women aged 60 to 69 years for angina, and in men aged 70 and over, for depression. Although our findings are misaligned with previous reports, longitudinal studies are required to test causal and temporal relationships between edentulism with chronic diseases and mental disorders.

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Validation of the German Life-Space Assessment (LSA-D): cross-sectional validation study in urban and rural community-dwelling older adults

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049926 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. e049926

Author(s):

Sandra Angelika Mümken ◽

Paul Gellert ◽

Malte Stollwerck ◽

Julie Lorraine O'Sullivan ◽

Joern Kiselev

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Total Sample ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Life Space ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Past ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

ObjectivesTo develop a German version of the original University of Alabama at Birmingham Study of Aging Life-Space Assessment (LSA-D) for measurement of community mobility in older adults within the past 4 weeks and to evaluate its construct validity for urban and rural populations of older adults.DesignCross-sectional validation study.SettingTwo study centres in urban and rural German outpatient hospital settings.ParticipantsIn total, N=83 community-dwelling older adults were recruited (n=40 from urban and n=43 from rural areas; mean age was 78.5 years (SD=5.4); 49.4% men).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe final version of the translated LSA-D was related to limitations in activities and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL/iADL) as primary outcome measure (primary hypothesis); and with sociodemographic factors, functional mobility, self-rated health, balance confidence and history of falls as secondary outcome measures to obtain construct validity. Further descriptive measurements of health included hand grip strength, screening of cognitive function, comorbidities and use of transportation. To assess construct validity, correlations between LSA-D and the primary and secondary outcome measures were examined for the total sample, and urban and rural subsamples using bivariate regression and multiple adjusted regression models. Descriptive analyses of LSA-D included different scoring methods for each region. All parameters were estimated using non-parametric bootstrapping procedure.ResultsIn the multiple adjusted model for the total sample, number of ADL/iADL limitations (β=−0.26; 95% CI=−0.42 to −0.08), Timed Up and Go Test (β=−0.37; 95% CI=−0.68 to −0.14), shared living arrangements (β=0.22; 95% CI=0.01 to 0.44) and history of falls in the past 6 months (β=−0.22; 95% CI=−0.41 to −0.05) showed significant associations with the LSA-D composite score, while living in urban area (β=−0.19; 95% CI=−0.42 to 0.03) and male gender (β=0.15; 95% CI=−0.04 to 0.35) were not significant.ConclusionThe LSA-D is a valid tool for measuring life-space mobility in German community-dwelling older adults within the past 4 weeks in ambulant urban and rural settings.Trial registration numberDRKS00019023.

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Gender-specific physical activity-related injuries and risk factors among university students in China: a multicentre population-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040865 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. e040865

Author(s):

Weicong Cai ◽

Shangmin Chen ◽

Liping Li ◽

Pengying Yue ◽

Xiaofan Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

University Students ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Past ◽

Chinese University ◽

Gender Specific

ObjectivesData on the problem of physical activity-related injury (PARI) in university students and the risk factors for PARI among different genders are rare. We conducted a multicentre population-based study to investigate the occurrence of PARI and to explore the gender-specific risk factors for PARI among Chinese university students.DesignCross-sectional study.ParticipantsA total of 5341 students in grades 1–3 at eight universities in four Chinese cities were selected to complete the online questionnaires during March and April 2017. The questionnaires assessed sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity PA) involvement, sleep duration, sedentary behaviour and PARI experiences in the past 12 months.Main outcome measuresPARI during the past 12 months.ResultsAmong the 5341 participants, 1293 suffered from at least one PARI in the past 12 months, with an overall incidence rate of 24.2% (males: 26.2%, females: 23.2%) and an injury risk of 0.38 injuries/student/year (males: 0.48, females: 0.32). Over half of the injured (57.3%) experienced a withdrawal time of PA and nearly two-fifths (39.6%) required medical attention. Irrespective of gender, Shantou and Xi’an students, sports team members and those who engaged in sports and leisure-time vigorous-intensity PA (VPA) at a higher frequency were more likely to suffer from PARI. Male students who participated in sports and leisure-time VPA for long durations had a greater likelihood of sustaining PARI, while having a chronic condition and being involved in sports and leisure-time moderate-intensity PA at a higher frequency and longer duration were potential contributors to PARI among females.ConclusionsThe occurrence of PARI and its risk factors differed by gender, which provides a direction towards developing targeted and effective gender-specific preventative programmes to protect Chinese university students from PARI.

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Falls among the elderly: risk factors in a population-based study

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia ◽

10.1590/1809-4503201400030011 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 705-718 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Iara Guimarães Rodrigues ◽

Gustavo Pereira Fraga ◽

Marilisa Berti de Azevedo Barros

Keyword(s):

The Elderly ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Elderly Adults ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Policies And Programs

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to identify factors associated with the occurrence of falls among elderly adults in a population-based study (ISACamp 2008). Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out with two-stage cluster sampling. The sample was composed of 1,520 elderly adults living in the urban area of the city of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. The occurrence of falls was analyzed based on reports of the main accident occurred in the previous 12 months. Data on socioeconomic/demographic factors and adverse health conditions were tested for possible associations with the outcome. Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated and adjusted for gender and age using the Poisson multiple regression analysis. Results: Falls were more frequent, after adjustment for gender and age, among female elderly participants (PR = 2.39; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.47 - 3.87), elderly adults (80 years old and older) (PR = 2.50; 95%CI 1.61 - 3.88), widowed (PR = 1.74; 95%CI 1.04 - 2.89) and among elderly adults who had rheumatism/arthritis/arthrosis (PR = 1.58; 95%CI 1.00 - 2.48), osteoporosis (PR = 1.71; 95%CI 1.18 - 2.49), asthma/bronchitis/emphysema (PR = 1,73; 95%CI 1.09 - 2.74), headache (PR = 1.59; 95%CI 1.07 - 2.38), mental common disorder (PR = 1.72; 95%CI 1.12 - 2.64), dizziness (PR = 2.82; 95%CI 1.98 - 4.02), insomnia (PR = 1.75; 95%CI 1.16 - 2.65), use of multiple medications (five or more) (PR = 2.50; 95%CI 1.12 - 5.56) and use of cane/walker (PR = 2.16; 95%CI 1.19 - 3,93). Conclusion: The present study shows segments of the elderly population who are more prone to falls through the identification of factors associated with this outcome. The findings can contribute to the planning of public health policies and programs addressed to the prevention of falls.

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Prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity among Tibetan adolescents aged 12-17 years

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980021000215 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Yunfei Zhang ◽

Jiahong Sun ◽

Min Zhao ◽

Costan G. Magnussen ◽

Xi Bo

Keyword(s):

Sampling Method ◽

Total Sample ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Clear Trend ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Study Participants

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity among Tibetan adolescents aged 12-17 years. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Shigatse city of Tibet municipality, with an average altitude of more than 4000 m. Subjects: Study participants included 2,642 adolescents aged 12-17 years selected from 6 schools using a convenient cluster sampling method. Results: The prevalence of thinness/overweight/obesity among Tibetan adolescents was 9.4%/5.4%/1.4% (China definition), 14.7%/4.4%/0.7% (IOTF definition), and 2.8%/5.7%/0.9% (WHO definition). The prevalence of thinness and overweight was significantly different between both sexes based on each of three BMI classification criteria (P <0.001). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of obesity between both sexes according to each of three BMI criteria. There was no clear trend in the prevalence of thinness across ages according to the China or IOTF definition (both P >0.05), whereas an upward trend was observed for thinness in boys according to the IOTF definition (P for trend <0.05). In contrast, the prevalence of thinness tended to decrease with increasing age in girls according to the IOTF definition, and in total sample according to the WHO definition (P for trend <0.05). Conclusions: Among Tibetan adolescents, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is relatively low, while the prevalence of thinness is high, especially in boys. These data suggest urgent attention is needed to control adolescent thinness in Tibet.

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Prevalence of household falls in long-lived adults and association with extrinsic factors

Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/1518-8345.1646.2900 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Silviane Galvan Pereira ◽

Claudia Benedita dos Santos ◽

Marlene Doring ◽

Marilene Rodrigues Portella

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Household Survey ◽

Population Based ◽

Multiple Model ◽

Human Beings ◽

Extrinsic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Selection Of Variables

Resume Objective: to identify the prevalence of falls among older adults and the extrinsic factors associated with them. Method: population-based cross-sectional study with 350 older adults. A household survey was conducted using a questionnaire addressing socio-demographic, clinical, and environmental characteristics. Data were analyzed using Stata Software V.10. Pearson’s chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used with stepwise criteria for selection of variables in the model, with measures of effect expressed in Prevalence Ratio. For input into the multiple model, the variables with p ≤ 0.20 were considered. All ethical care regarding research on human beings has been observed and respected. Results: the prevalence of falls was 46.9%. The extrinsic factors associated with falls were: stairs, uneven floor and pets in the main entrance, lack of anti-slip loose throw rugs and slippery floor in the kitchen, lack of anti-slip loose throw rugs and objects on the floor in the room, lack of grab bars in the shower, lack of grab bars in the toilet and switch away from the bathroom door (p <0.05). Conclusion: falls are frequent in long-lived adults. The identification of the extrinsic factors associated with the occurrence of this event can help in its prevention.

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Knowledge, attitudes and intention regarding mHealth in generation Y: evidence from a population based cross sectional study in Chakaria, Bangladesh

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016217 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. e016217 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M Shafiqur Rahman ◽

Syed Hanifi ◽

Fatema Khatun ◽

Mohammad Iqbal ◽

Sabrina Rasheed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Sex Education ◽

Mobile Phones ◽

Generation Y ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Age Groups ◽

Household Survey ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Level Of Knowledge

Background and objectivesmHealth offers a new opportunity to ensure access to qualified healthcare providers. Therefore, to better understand its potential in Bangladesh, it is important to understand how young people use mobile phones for healthcare. Here we examine the knowledge, attitudes and intentions to use mHealth services among young population.DesignPopulation based cross sectional household survey.Setting and participantsA total of 4909 respondents, aged 18 years and above, under the Chakaria Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) area, were interviewed during the period November 2012 to April 2013.MethodsParticipants younger than 30 years of age were defined as young (or generation Y). To examine the level of knowledge about and intention towards mHealth services in generation Y compared with their older counterparts, the percentage of the respective outcome measure from a 2×2 contingency table and adjusted odds ratio (aOR), which controls for potential confounders such as mobile ownership, sex, education, occupation and socioeconomic status, were estimated. The aOR was estimated using both the Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel approach and multivariable logistic regression models controlling for confounders.ResultsGeneration Y had significantly greater access to mobile phones (50%vs40%) and better knowledge about its use for healthcare (37.8%vs27.5%;aOR 1.6 (95% CI1.3 to 2.0)). Furthermore, the level of knowledge about two existing mHealth services in generation Y was significantly higher compared with their older counterparts, with aOR values of 3.2 (95% CI 2.6 to 5.5) and 1.5 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.8), respectively. Similarly, generation Y showed significantly greater intention towards future use of mHealth services compared with their older counterparts (aOR 1.3 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.4)). The observed associations were not modified by sociodemographic factors.ConclusionThere is a greater potential for mHealth services in the future among young people compared with older age groups. However, given the low overall use of mHealth, appropriate policy measures need to be formulated to enhance availability, access, utilisation and effectiveness of mHealth services.

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