scholarly journals In vivo efficacy of lasalocid and pyrimethamine treatments against Anophryoides haemophila, a ciliate pathogen of American lobster Homarus americanus

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
F. ATHANASSOPOULOU (Φ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ) ◽  
A. E. CRIBB ◽  
R. J. CAWTHORN ◽  
R. MacMILLAN ◽  
G. BALDAS (Γ. ΜΠΑΛΝΤΑΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Uninfected Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
American Lobster ◽  
In Vivo Efficacy ◽  
Repeated Doses ◽  
The Mean

Lasalocid and pyrimethamine was administered to American lobsters infected with A. haemophila. Lasalocid was found to be toxic and acute mortality was observed, when administered in vivo in both infected and uninfected lobsters. Pyrimethamine was found very efficient to treat these ciliates at repeated doses. The mortality was very low and the mean haemocyte counts remained higher than the uninfected control group. The drug seems to delay the appearance of the ciliates in the haemolymph and to lower the spread of these parasites in the epipodite and the hepatopancreas. In uninfected animals treated with this drug, haemocyte counts were similar to uninfected control group. Furthermore, no pathology was observed, when the drug was administered to uninfected lobsters. Since there is no effective treatment for the control of bumper car disease, on the basis of the results of the present study, we suggest that pyrimethamine is a good drug for the treatment of A. haemoplila infection in lobsters.

scholarly journals In Vivo Therapeutic Effect of Triclabendazole + Levamisole on Hydatid Cyst in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Peyman Sadeghi ◽  
Yagoob Garedaghi ◽  
Mirhadi Khayatnouri ◽  
Hosein Hashemzade Farhang ◽  
Ramin Kaffash Elahi
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Hydatidosis is a global disease and one of the most dangerous zoonotic diseases which is found in areas where humans, dogs, and herbivores are in close contact with each other. Methods: In this study, a total of 64 rats were divided into control and case groups, and then 3000 protoscolices were injected into the peritoneal cavity. After 2 months, rats in the case group were given triclabendazole + levamisole at a dose of 6 mg + 4.41 mg/mL orally for 60 days, respectively. Then, after 6 months of infection, the rats of the control and case groups were killed by anesthesia and then an autopsy was performed and the viscera were carefully examined for hydatid cyst infection. Results: The results showed that in the control group, 3 cysts were observed in the liver, 10 in the kidney, and 88 in the lung. The mean number of hydatid cysts in this group was determined to be 33.6. In the case group, 2 cysts were observed in the liver, 6 in the kidney, and 64 in the lungs. The mean number of hydatid cysts in the viscera was 24 in the case group. Conclusions: Statistical analysis of the results obtained from the case and control groups showed that the therapeutic efficacy of triclabendazole + levamisole was 31%, which is not enough to treat cases of hydatid cyst.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Identification, Acute, and Sub-Acute Oral Toxicity Studies of the Foliar Extract of Withania frutescens

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelfattah EL Moussaoui ◽  
Mohammed Bourhia ◽  
Fatima Zahra Jawhari ◽  
Hamza Mechchate ◽  
Meryem Slighoua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Repeated Doses

Withania frutescens (W. frutescens) is a medicinal plant widely used to treat several diseases. This work aims to study phytochemical composition as well as acute and subacute toxicity of W. frutescens hydroethanolic extract in mice. The phytochemical composition of W. frutescens extract was performed using gas chromatographic analysis. Acute toxicity was studied in vivo with oral administration of single doses 400 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg for 14 days. Subacute toxicity was studied with the administration of repeated doses of 400 mg/kg/day and 2000 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Phytochemical analysis of W. frutescens hydro-ethanolic extract confirmed the presence of interesting chemical compounds. Acute toxicity results showed no toxic symptoms in mice treated with an increasing dose up to a maximum of 2000 mg/kg. Alongside acute toxicity, subacute data showed no clinical symptoms nor biochemical or histological alteration in mice treated with an increasing dose up to a maximum of 2000 mg/kg compared to the control group (p < 0.05). This study shows no toxic effects in animals treated with W. frutescens extract, and, therefore, this plant can be considered safe in animals up to 2000 mg/kg under both acute and subacute toxicity conditions.

scholarly journals Assessment of the In Vivo Efficacy of WCK 5222 (Cefepime-Zidebactam) against Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in the Neutropenic Murine Lung Infection Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay M. Avery ◽  
Kamilia Abdelraouf ◽  
David P. Nicolau
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Lung Infection ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Bacterial Burden ◽  
In Vivo Efficacy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Murine Lung ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT We evaluated the in vivo efficacy of human-simulated WCK 5222 (cefepime-zidebactam) against cefepime-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains (n = 13) in the neutropenic murine lung infection model. Twelve isolates were meropenem resistant. In control animals and those that received cefepime or zidebactam alone, the mean bacterial growth at 24 h was >2 log10 CFU/lung compared with 0-h controls (6.32 ± 0.33 log10 CFU/lung). WCK 5222 produced a decline in the bacterial burden for all isolates (mean reduction, −3.34 ± 0.85 log10 CFU/lung) and demonstrated remarkable potency.

scholarly journals Terminalia ferdinandiana inhibited the increased of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and prevent collagen decreased in mice skin exposed to UV-B

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Shalihaty Emy ◽  
Ida Sri Iswari ◽  
Ni Wayan Winarti
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Kakadu Plum ◽  
Terminalia Ferdinandiana

Kakadu cream contained 0,1% Kakadu plum (Terminalia ferdinandiana) extract with a high content of phenolic compound, flavonol, tocopherol, luthein, chlorophyll, and ellagic acid has potential to prevent the Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) effect on skin aging acceleration. To date, there’s no in vivo experiment on the effect of kakadu plum extract on collagen nor matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1). This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Kakadu cream administration in inhibiting the increase of MMP-1 expressions and prevent the decrease of collagen amount in mice (Mus musculus) skin exposed to UV-B.   An experimental study with a post-test only control group design was employed in 36 male mice, 6-8 weeks old, weighing 20-25 grams. The samples were divided randomly into two groups, a control group given base cream and the study group, given Kakadu cream 0,1% on their shaved backs, 1 cm2 in size as the UV-B exposure's location. The UV-B irradiation was done three times a week for 4 weeks. The base and Kakadu cream were given twice a day. Comparative analysis was carried out to compare MMP-1 expression and collagen amount in both groups.   The results show that the mean of MMP-1 expression on the study group was significantly lower compared to control group (p<0.001). The mean collagen amount was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (p< 0,001).   From the results, can be concluded that Kakadu cream inhibited the increase MMP-1 expression and prevent the decrease of collagen amount in mice skin exposed to UV-B.

scholarly journals In-vivo Study on Organometallic Compounds as Anticancer Agents

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
F. Z. Mohammed ◽  
Elsherbiny H. Elsayed ◽  
Atef E. Abd Elbaky ◽  
H. M. Shalaby
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Copper Complexes ◽  
Organometallic Compounds ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anticancer Effect ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Benzaldehyde Thiosemicarbazone

This study aims to study the in-vivo anticancer effect of the synthesized copper complexes of 2,3-dihydroxy benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (3a,b), followed by evaluating their antioxidant activity.  Materials and methods: A total number of 80 adult female swiss albino mice weighing 20-25 gm were divided into 8 groups (10 mice /each group).  The acute toxicity was estimated by intraperitoneal injection of the compounds (3a, b). Results:  We found that, 5 mg /kg and 10 mg /kg were considered to be the most effective dose of compounds 3a & 3b, respectively. The mean volume of EAC in the positive control group was found to be 4.2 ±0.5 (mL), this value was significantly decreased by 100%, (p<0.001) for 3a & 3b treated groups, respectively.

scholarly journals Use of microporous hydroxyapatite material in regenerative treatment of periodontal tissues in dogs: a clinical study

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 5985-2018
Author(s):  
IZABELA POLKOWSKA ◽  
ANNA ŚLÓSARCZYK ◽  
ALEKSANDRA SOBCZYŃSKA-RAK ◽  
MAGDALENA GOŁYŃSKA ◽  
TOMASZ SZPONDER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Respective Control Group ◽  
The Mean

One of the biomaterials used in veterinary dentistry is hydroxyapatite (HAp). It aids the biological process of bone reconstruction and provides the basis on which damaged tissues can be rebuilt. It is also exceptionally osteoconductive and bioactive towards bone and other tissues. The aim of the present study was to verify the usefulness of hydroxyapatite microporus ceramics for the treatment of periodontal diseases and post-extraction defects. The study was performed on 40 dogs. Dogs were qualified for the in vivo test: 2 study groups and 2 control groups (K1, K2) were created. Group G1 comprised 10 dogs diagnosed with periodontitis with 4-8 mm gingival pockets and mobility of mandibular/maxillary incisors. In order to avoid extraction, hydroxyapatite implantation into the bone pockets was performed. Group G2 comprised 10 dogs that required the extraction of maxillary canines, following which biomaterial was introduced into the post-extraction cavities. Control groups were performed without using of microporous hydroxyapatite. In group G1, animals displayed significant shallowing of gingival pockets. The mean depth of pockets was significantly reduced in those dogs and considerably better reconstruction of periodontal tissues was observed when compared to the control group K1. In group G2, significantly faster healing of bone cavities was stated when compared to the respective control group K2. The study confirmed the validity of using microporous hydroxyapatite granules and shaped blocks in reconstructive periodontal treatment as well as prevention of oronasal fistulas after canines extraction and facilitation of the post-extraction healing process..

In vivo muscle protein synthesis rates in the American lobster Homarus americanus during the moult cycle and in response to 20-hydroxyecdysone

1996 ◽  
Vol 199 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Haj ◽  
S Clarke ◽  
P Harrison ◽  
E Chang
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Moult Cycle ◽  
American Lobster ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Ks Values ◽  
Ribosomal Activity

Simultaneous measurements of in vivo rates of protein synthesis (Ks) in claw, leg and abdominal muscles were made in the American lobster Homarus americanus at three stages of the moult cycle. Ks values are significantly elevated during the premoult (stage D2-D3) and fall during the intermoult (stage C4) periods in all three muscles. Postmoult (stage A/B) levels are not significantly elevated above intermoult levels. Intermoult levels are between 0.3 and 0.4 % protein synthesized per day. In the premoult animals, the ribosomal activity (milligrams protein synthesized per microgram RNA per day) of the claw, abdominal and leg muscles is elevated three- to fivefold. The claw muscle maintains an elevated ribosomal activity into the postmoult stage whereas, by this stage, that of the other muscle tissues has fallen to intermoult levels. The RNA/protein ratios of the three muscle groups from intermoult, premoult and postmoult animals do not show any significant differences. 18S ribosomal RNA levels fluctuate slightly, with no consistent pattern over the moult cycle. In vivo injection of premoult concentrations of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE) into intermoult lobsters results in elevated Ks values and ribosomal activity for the muscles after 3 days. RNA/protein ratios remain constant in the muscles in response to injections of 20-HE in vivo. In vitro preparations of leg muscle treated with 20-HE did not show similar elevated rates of protein synthesis.

Effects of Phototherapy on Platelet Counts in Low-Birthweight Infants and on Platelet Production and Life Span in Rabbits

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-512
Author(s):  
Harold M. Maurer ◽  
Melvin Fratkin ◽  
Nancy B. McWilliams ◽  
Barry Kirkpatrick ◽  
David Draper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Platelet Production ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
The Mean ◽  
To Receive

The effects of conventional phototherapy on platelets in vivo were studied in rabbits and in low-birthweight infants. Rabbits were divided into three groups and individually treated continuously for 96 hours, with blue light, daylight, or no phototherapy. Incorporation of selenomethionine Se 75 was used to evaluate platelet production and life span. Platelet turnover was significantly increased in the blue-light phototherapy group, and was also increased in the daylight group but to a lesser degree. Daily platelet counts and hematocrits were performed in infants weighing less than 2,000 gm at birth randomized at 24 ± 12 hours of life to receive daylight phototherapy continuously for 96 hours (31 infants) or no phototherapy (26 infants). In 12 treated infants (38.7%) platelet counts fell below 150,000/cu mm whereas this occurred in only 3 (11.5%) of the controls. These two lower platelet count subgroups differed significantly in mean gestational age and birthweight with the phototherapy group being the more mature. Pre-phototherapy, the mean platelet count of these 12 infants was lower than the mean of the entire control group, suggesting that these infants had borderline marrow reserve before phototherapy was given. These results suggest that phototherapy increases the rate of platelet turnover. When bone marrow compensation is inadequate, the platelet count may fall.

scholarly journals Experimental Infection and Detection of Necrotizing Hepatopancreatitis Bacterium in the American LobsterHomarus americanus

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz A. Avila-Villa ◽  
Teresa Gollas-Galván ◽  
Marcel Martínez-Porchas ◽  
Fernando Mendoza-Cano ◽  
Jorge Hernández-López
Keyword(s):  
Penaeid Shrimp ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
American Lobster ◽  
Intracellular Bacteria ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Crustacean Species ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Mass Mortalities

Necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacterium (NHPB) is an obligated intracellular bacteria causing severe hepatopancreatic damages and mass mortalities in penaeid shrimp. The worldwide distribution of penaeid shrimp as alien species threatens the life cycle of other crustacean species. The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the possibility of experimentally infecting the American lobster (Homarus americanus) with NHPB extracted from shrimp hepatopancreas. Homogenates from infected shrimp were fed by force to lobsters. Other group of lobsters was fed with homogenates of NHPB-free hepatopancreas. After the 15th day from initial inoculation, the presence of NHPB was detected by polymerase chain reaction in feces and hepatopancreas from lobsters inoculated with infected homogenates. Necrotized spots were observed in the surface of lobster hepatopancreas. In contrast, lobsters fed on NHPB-free homogenates resulted negative for NHPB. Evidence suggests the plasticity of NHPB which can infect crustacean from different species and inhabiting diverse latitudes. Considering the results, the American lobster could be a good candidate to maintain available NHPBin vivo.

Soybean-Derived Phytoestrogens Regulate Prostaglandin Secretion in Endometrium During Cattle Estrous Cycle and Early Pregnancy

2005 ◽  
Vol 230 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Wolawek-Potocka ◽  
Mamadou M. Bah ◽  
Anna Korzekwa ◽  
Mariusz K. Piskula ◽  
Wieslaw Wiczkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Vivo Experiment ◽  
The Mean

Phytoestrogens acting as endocrine disruptors may induce various pathologies in the female reproductive tract. The purpose of this study was to determine whether phytoestrogens present in the soybean and/or their metabolites are detectable in the plasma of cows fed a diet rich in soy and whether these phytoestrogens influence reproductive efficiency and prostaglandin (PG) synthesis during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy in the bovine endometrium. In in vivo Experiment 1, we found significant levels of daidzein and genistein in the fodder and their metabolites (equol and p-ethyl-phenol) in bovine serum and urine. The mean number of artificial inseminations (Als) and pregnancy rates in two kinds of herds, control and experimental (cows fed with soybean 2.5 kg/day), were almost double in the soy-diet herd in comparison with the control animals. In in vivo Experiment 2, three out of five heifers fed soybean (2.5 kg/day) became pregnant whereas four out of five heifers in the control group became pregnant. The concentrations of a metabolite of PGF2α (PGFM) were significantly higher in the blood plasma of heifers fed a diet rich in soybean than those in the control heifers throughout the first 21 days after ovulation and AI. The higher levels of PGFM were positively correlated with equol and p-ethyl phenol concentrations in the blood. In in vitro experiments, the influence of isoflavones on PG secretion in different stages of the estrous cycle was studied. Although all phytoestrogens augmented the output of both PGs throughout the estrous cycle, equol and p-ethyl-phenol preferentially stimulated PGF2α output. The results obtained lead to the conclusion that soy-derived phytoestrogens and their metabolites disrupt reproductive efficiency and uterus function by modulating the ratio of PGF2α to PGE2, which leads to high, nonphysiological production of luteolytic PGF2α in cattle during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy.

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