Effect of salt stress on accumulation of proline and soluble sugars in cladodes and roots of two Opuntia species existing in Algerian steppe

Elucidating the mechanisms of abiotic stress tolerance in different species will help to develop more resistant plant varieties, contributing to improve agricultural production in a climate change scenario. Basic responses to salt stress, dependent on osmolyte accumulation and activation of antioxidant systems, have been studied in Nerium oleander, a xerophytic species widely used as ornamental. Salt strongly inhibited growth, but the plants survived one-month treatments with quite high NaCl concentrations, up to 800 mM, indicating the the species is relatively resistant to salt stress, in addition to drought. Levels of proline, glycine betaine and soluble sugars increased only slightly in the presence of salt; however, soluble sugar absolute contents were much higher than those of the other osmolytes, suggesting a functional role of these compounds in osmotic adjustment, and the presence of constitutive mechanisms of response to salt stress. High salinity generated oxidative stress in the plants, as shown by the increase of malondialdehyde levels. Antioxidant systems, enzymatic and non-enzymatic, are generally activated in response to salt stress; in oleander, they do not seem to include total phenolics or flavonoids, antioxidant compounds which did not accumulate significantly in salt-trated plants

Download Full-text

The influence of salt stress on the morpho physiological and biochemical parameters of durum wheat varieties (Triticum durum Desf.)

Journal of Biological Research - Bollettino della Società Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale ◽

10.4081/jbr.2020.7966 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 93 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nadia Chiahi ◽

Louhichi Brinis

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Mediterranean Countries ◽

Agricultural Yield ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

Wheat is an important cereal in terms of human consumption in many countries of the world. It is grown mainly in arid and semi-arid Mediterranean countries. In these areas, salinity of soils and irrigation water is one of the limiting factors in plant productivity and agricultural yield. The present work consisted in evaluating the morpho-physiological and biochemical behavior of two durum wheat varieties V1 (Gta dur), V2 (Vitron) subjected to increasing concentrations of NaCl during the germination phase and the growth phase in the laboratory. The results obtained showed several revelations in terms of morphological imbalance (leaf area, germination percentage, root length, physiological variation, decrease or increase of assimilating pigments, Relative Water Content (RWC), etc), and biochemical bioaccumulation (proline, soluble sugars, proteins and elevation of activity of CAT antioxidant enzymes). At the level of treatments, the development of the seedlings of two varieties was better on soil salty and sprinkled with water than in the presence of saline concentrations. A certain tolerance of the two genotypes was particularly marked in the Vitron variety against salt stress.

Download Full-text

Free proline, soluble sugars and soluble proteins concentration as affected by salt stress in two sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) cultivars differing in their salt tolerance

International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences ◽

10.4314/ijbcs.v5i6.23 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

CB Gandonou ◽

F Bada ◽

J Abrini ◽

N Skali-Senhaji

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Soluble Proteins ◽

Free Proline ◽

Saccharum Sp

Download Full-text

Improved tolerance of maize plants to salt stress by arbuscular mycorrhiza is related to higher accumulation of soluble sugars in roots

Mycorrhiza ◽

10.1007/s00572-002-0170-0 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 185-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 246

Author(s):

Tian C. ◽

Li X. ◽

Tang C. ◽

Rengel Z. ◽

Feng G. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Maize Plants

Download Full-text

Silicon ameliorates the adverse effects of salt stress on sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia) seedlings

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/665/2017-pse ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (No. 12) ◽

pp. 545-551 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wu Guo-Qiang ◽

Liu Hai-Long ◽

Feng Rui-Jun ◽

Wang Chun-Mei ◽

Du Yong-Yong

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Membrane Permeability ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Organic Solutes ◽

Relative Membrane Permeability

The objective of this study was to investigate whether the application of silicon (Si) ameliorates the detrimental effects of salinity stress on sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia). Three-week-old seedlings were exposed to 0 and 100 mmol/L NaCl with or without 1 mmol/L Si for 7 days. The results showed that salinity stress significantly reduced plant growth, shoot chlorophyll content and root K+ concentration, but increased shoot malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, relative membrane permeability (RMP) and Na+ concentrations of shoot and root in sainfoin compared to the control (no added Si and NaCl). However, the addition of Si significantly enhanced growth, chlorophyll content of shoot, K+ and soluble sugars accumulation in root, while it reduced shoot MDA concentration, RMP and Na+ accumulation of shoot and root in plants under salt stress. It is clear that silicon ameliorates the adverse effects of salt stress on sainfoin by limiting Na+ uptake and enhancing selectivity for K+, and by adjusting the levels of organic solutes. The present study provides physiological insights into understanding the roles of silicon in salt tolerance in sainfoin.

Download Full-text

Transcriptome Profiling of the Salt Stress Response in the Leaves and Roots of Halophytic Eutrema salsugineum

Frontiers in Genetics ◽

10.3389/fgene.2021.770742 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Chuanshun Li ◽

Yuting Qi ◽

Chuanzhi Zhao ◽

Xingjun Wang ◽

Quan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Lignin Biosynthesis ◽

Sugar Metabolism ◽

Transcriptome Profiling ◽

Salt Stress Response ◽

Salt Shock ◽

Eutrema Salsugineum ◽

Leaves And Roots

Eutrema salsugineum can grow in natural harsh environments; however, the underlying mechanisms for salt tolerance of Eutrema need to be further understood. Herein, the transcriptome profiling of Eutrema leaves and roots exposed to 300 mM NaCl is investigated, and the result emphasized the role of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis, autophagy, peroxisome, and sugar metabolism upon salt stress. Furthermore, the expression of the lignin biosynthesis and autophagy-related genes, as well as 16 random selected genes, was validated by qRT-PCR. Notably, the transcript abundance of a large number of lignin biosynthesis genes such as CCoAOMT, C4H, CCR, CAD, POD, and C3′H in leaves was markedly elevated by salt shock. And the examined lignin content in leaves and roots demonstrated salt stress led to lignin accumulation, which indicated the enhanced lignin level could be an important mechanism for Eutrema responding to salt stress. Additionally, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) assigned in the autophagy pathway including Vac8, Atg8, and Atg4, as well as DEGs enriched in the peroxisome pathway such as EsPEX7, EsCAT, and EsSOD2, were markedly induced in leaves and/or roots. In sugar metabolism pathways, the transcript levels of most DEGs associated with the synthesis of sucrose, trehalose, raffinose, and xylose were significantly enhanced. Furthermore, the expression of various stress-related transcription factor genes including WRKY, AP2/ERF-ERF, NAC, bZIP, MYB, C2H2, and HSF was strikingly improved. Collectively, the increased expression of biosynthesis genes of lignin and soluble sugars, as well as the genes in the autophagy and peroxisome pathways, suggested that Eutrema encountering salt shock possibly possess a higher capacity to adjust osmotically and facilitate water transport and scavenge reactive oxidative species and oxidative proteins to cope with the salt environment. Thus, this study provides a new insight for exploring the salt tolerance mechanism of halophytic Eutrema and discovering new gene targets for the genetic improvement of crops.

Download Full-text

Antioxidant defense and secondary metabolites concentration in hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) plants as affected by salt stress

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2021.117.2.2065 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 117 (2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Zhaleh SOHEILIKHAH ◽

Nasser KARIMI ◽

Masoud MODARRESI ◽

Seyed Yahya SALEHI-LISAR ◽

Ali MOVAFEGHI

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Plant Production ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Alcoholic Extract ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Hoagland Nutrient Solution ◽

Hyssopus Officinalis

Salt stress is one of the major limiting factors for plant production, and the quality of medicinal plants is also affected by soil salinity. Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) plants were cultivated for four weeks in perlite: sand and irrigated with Hoagland nutrient solution containing 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM NaCl. Plants growth was decreased by salt stress while the leaf relative water content was not affected, and the chlorophyll content decreased only by the highest salt concentration (200 mM). Sodium was accumulated at small amounts, indicating a high ability of this species to exclude salt. Soluble sugars and proline were accumulated up to 1.6 and 4.5 fold, respectively. The antioxidant enzymes activity (peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase) were increased by the salt treatments, particularly in the leaves. The levels of secondary metabolites (saponins, phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and iridoids) were all increased under salt stress, and the total antioxidant capacity of alcoholic extract of the leaves and roots was significantly higher in the salt-treated compared with control plants. Our results showed that hyssop is a salt-tolerant species, and the quality of this medicinal plant is improved when grown under saline conditions.

Download Full-text

Effect of Salt Stress on Growth, Physiological Parameters, and Ionic Concentration of Water Dropwort (Oenanthe javanica) Cultivars

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.660409 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Sunjeet Kumar ◽

Gaojie Li ◽

Jingjing Yang ◽

Xinfang Huang ◽

Qun Ji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽

High Accumulation ◽

Oenanthe Javanica ◽

Leaves And Roots ◽

Water Dropwort ◽

Number Of Branches

Salt stress is an important environmental limiting factor. Water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica) is an important vegetable in East Asia; however, its phenotypic and physiological response is poorly explored. For this purpose, 48 cultivars of water dropwort were grown hydroponically and treated with 0, 50, 100, and 200 mm NaCl for 14 days. Than their phenotypic responses were evaluated, afterward, physiological studies were carried out in selected sensitive and tolerant cultivars. In the present study, the potential tolerant (V11E0022) and sensitive (V11E0135) cultivars were selected by screening 48 cultivars based on their phenotype under four different levels of salt concentrations (0, 50, 100, and 200 mm). The results depicted that plant height, number of branches and leaves were less effected in V11E0022, and most severe reduction was observed in V11E0135 in comparison with others. Than the changes in biomass, ion contents, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and activities of antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants were determined in the leaves and roots of the selected cultivars. The potential tolerant cultivar (V11E0022) showed less reduction of water content and demonstrated low levels of Na+ uptake, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in both leaves and roots. Moreover, the tolerant cultivar (V11E0022) showed high antioxidant activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and high accumulation of proline and soluble sugars compared to the sensitive cultivar (V11E0135). These results suggest the potential tolerance of V11E0022 cultivar against salt stress with low detrimental effects and a good antioxidant defense system. The observations also suggest good antioxidant capacity of water dropwort against salt stress. The findings of the present study also suggest that the number of branches and leaves, GSH, proline, soluble sugars, APX, and CAT could serve as the efficient markers for understanding the defense mechanisms of water dropwort under the conditions of salt stress.

Download Full-text

Exogenous melatonin improves salt stress adaptation of cotton seedlings by regulating active oxygen metabolism

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.10486 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e10486

Author(s):

Dan Jiang ◽

Bin Lu ◽

Liantao Liu ◽

Wenjing Duan ◽

Li Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Lipid Membrane ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Oxygen Metabolism ◽

Membrane Lipid ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽

Exogenous Melatonin ◽

Cotton Seedling

Melatonin is a small-molecule indole hormone that plays an important role in participating in biotic and abiotic stress resistance. Melatonin has been confirmed to promote the normal development of plants under adversity stress by mediating physiological regulation mechanisms. However, the mechanisms by which exogenous melatonin mediates salt tolerance via regulation of antioxidant activity and osmosis in cotton seedlings remain largely unknown. In this study, the regulatory effects of melatonin on reactive oxygen species (ROS), the antioxidant system, and osmotic modulators of cotton seedlings were determined under 0–500 µM melatonin treatments with salt stress induced by 150 mM NaCl treatment. Cotton seedlings under salt stress exhibited an inhibition of growth, excessive hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2−), and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulations in leaves, increased activity levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and elevated ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) content in leaves. However, the content of osmotic regulators (i.e., soluble sugars and proteins) in leaves was reduced under salt stress. This indicates high levels of ROS were produced, and the cell membrane was damaged. Additionally, osmotic regulatory substance content was reduced, resulting in osmotic stress, which seriously affected cotton seedling growth under salt stress. However, exogenous melatonin at different concentrations reduced the contents of H2O2, O2−, and MDA in cotton leaves, increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of reductive substances (i.e., AsA and GSH), and promoted the accumulation of osmotic regulatory substances in leaves under salt stress. These results suggest that melatonin can inhibit ROS production in cotton seedlings, improve the activity of the antioxidant enzyme system, raise the content of osmotic regulation substances, reduce the level of membrane lipid peroxidation, and protect the integrity of the lipid membrane under salt stress, which reduces damage caused by salt stress to seedlings and effectively enhances inhibition of salt stress on cotton seedling growth. These results indicate that 200 µM melatonin treatment has the best effect on the growth and salt tolerance of cotton seedlings.

Download Full-text

Contrasting Effects of NaCl and NaHCO3 Stresses on Seed Germination, Seedling Growth, Photosynthesis, and Osmoregulators of the Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9080409 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 409

Author(s):

Yu ◽

Hou ◽

Zhang ◽

Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Common Bean ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Alkaline Salt ◽

The Common

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), the most important food legume for human nutrition globally, contributes greatly to the improvement of soil fertility in semi-dry lands where most of the soil is already salinized or alkalized, such as in the Songnen Plain of China. In this study, we investigated the effects of salt stress (neutral and alkaline) on the salt-tolerant common bean. Seed germination, seedling growth, photosynthesis, and osmotic adjustment were assessed. Neutral and alkaline salt growth environments were simulated using NaCl and NaHCO3, respectively. The results indicated that at ≥60 mmol·L−1, both NaCl and NaHCO3 caused significant delays in seedling emergence and decreased seedling emergence rates. NaHCO3 stress suppressed seedling survival regardless of concentration; however, only NaCl concentrations >60 mmol·L−1 had the same effect. Alkaline salt stress remarkably suppressed photosynthesis and seedling establishment. The common bean compensated for the increase in inorganic anion concentration (influx of Na+) by synthesizing more organic acids and soluble sugars. This adaptive mechanism enabled the common bean to balance the large inflow of cations for maintaining a stable cell pH environment under alkaline salt stress.

Download Full-text