THE JUSTIFICATION OF THE SCHEME AND INDICATORS POWER HEAT FLOW IN THE HEAT REGULATION DEVICE OF MOBILE MACHINES

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 576-582
Author(s):  
Глемба ◽  
K. Glemba ◽  
Гриценко ◽  
A. Gritsenko ◽  
Аверьянов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Thermal State ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Heat Removal ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Operator ◽  
Weight Changes

Identifies the main factors influencing the process of formation of the thermal state of the human body. Calculated structural parameters of thermally regulating the local device. Experimental relationships between indicators of the thermal state of the human operator and the device settings. A method of calculating the power, the dependence of the heat flux conductive panels and deficit (excess) heat in the human body. Justified and selected method of controlling the heat removal from the surface of the body of the human operator using a local thermally regulating device. We present graphical dependence of changes in the average power density of the heat flow for a given rate of decline of temperature and of total body weight; changes in power density of the heat flow and human growth. To obtain comfortable temperatures the body requires an average power density of the heat flow from the surface of the human body 268 W/m2, full capacity of the heat flow will amount to 486 watts.

Wind Chill*

1948 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 487-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold Court
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Convective Heat ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Empirical Formula ◽  
Heat Removal ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Heat ◽  
Wind Chill ◽  
Convective Heat Loss

The rate of heat removal from the human body by wind and low temperature was termed Wind Chill by Siple and expressed by an empirical formula. This paper discusses the formula critically, pointing out that this measure of the convective heat loss may be less than three-quarters of the total heat lost by the body. Siple's formula is compared with those of others, and the use of the formula is discussed.

scholarly journals БЕЗКОНТАКТНЕ ЕЛЕКТРОЖИВЛЕННЯ ІМПЛАНТАТІВ

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Володимир Петрович Олійник ◽  
Дар’я Вікторівна Теличко
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Thermal State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Alternating Magnetic Field ◽  
Artificial Organs ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
The Impact

The issues of long-term implants using in the human body are considered. Particular attention is paid to the problem of contactless supply of power to artificial organs with significant energy consumption. Using non-contact energy supply to a fully implanted technical device reduces the risk of infections getting into the patient's body as compared to the use of a power line that is output through internal tissues to the skin surface. The well-known developments of artificial heart apparatus were used as the object of analysis. Their main technical characteristics are considered. The maximum power consumption of these devices is about 20 watts, including models AbioCor. The design of the AbioCor was produced as a fully implanted contactless power unit, but the project was not completed. Although the principle of contactless power supply is undoubtedly an innovative step in the development of implant designs. As a result of the technical implementation of this principle, the following was obtained: it is advisable to use an alternating magnetic field with an inductive coupling between an external and an internal inductor for non-contact energy supply of implants; the use of frequencies of an alternating magnetic field of ~ 100 kHz makes it possible to obtain a compromise solution between the required depth of penetration into biotissues, insignificant heat formation in them and the size and mass of inductors. Under such conditions, the location in the body of the receiving inductor can be determined by medical recommendations. Evaluation experiments were carried out to determine the effective scheme of inclusion of the transmitting and receiving circuits, and the effect on the transmission coefficient of the electrophysical properties of the environment between them. It is shown that for working out of technical solutions of hardware realization of contactless power supply, implantation elements can be placed in saline solution as a model of bioenvironment. It is recommended to use serial element base and circuit solutions used for contactless power supply of radio electronic devices. Also, a quantitative assessment of the additional heat load of the implant on the human body was carried out, since part of the energy of the apparatus and its work, in accordance with the efficiency, inevitably goes into the heat eventually. A simplified calculation of the impact of implant energy losses on the thermal state of the body showed that overheating by 1 °C would be achieved provided the complete insulation of the area, on average, 8.6 hours. This proves the non-critical overheating of the body with implants, and allows the maintenance of a stable body temperature by physiological mechanisms.

Prediction of Burn Injuries during Testing of Special Protective Clothing for Firefighters at the Thermomanequin Test Bench

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
V.I. Loginov ◽  
◽  
K.E. Arkhireev ◽  
I.D. Ignatova ◽  
D.A. Nekrasov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Thermal State ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
The Body ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Temperature Fields

Ensuring safety of the personnel when exposed to thermal factors of a fire, including through the use of various types of special protective clothing, is an important component of the firefighter occupational safety. Quality control of special protective clothing of the firefighters takes place in several stages. The final stage is to conduct tests on the Thermomanequin test bench when the workwear is in the working position on a full-size manequin, and it is exposed to the radiation heat flow and open flame. During the tests, the thermal parameters of the undersuit space are monitored — the temperature on the dummy surface and the passing heat flux. To measure the parameters of the thermal state of the undersuit space during the experiment at the Thermomanequin test bench, a special program was developed that allows the results (temperature and heat flow) to be displayed on a computer monitor in real time in tabular, graphical forms, as well as in the form of a color fill on the monitor on the body of the manequin. The program and the results of tests conducted at the test bench do not allow predicting burn injuries. For the possibility of conducting experiments on predicting burn injuries at the Thermomanequin test bench, according to the international standards requirements, the program for calculating burn injuries based on the values of the passing heat flow, interfaced with the programs for measuring the passing heat flow, was developed. The developed program allows using experimental data on heat fluxes from the sensors, to calculate non-stationary temperature fields; by the temperatures at the boundaries of the conjugation of the epidermis with the dermis and the dermis with the subcutaneous tissue, calculate the reduced parameter of the burn injury and determine the time to reach the values at these boundaries that characterize the occurrence of the second and third degree burns respectively.

scholarly journals Physiological mechanisms of thermoregulation, their disorders in cerebral autonomic dysregulation

1999 ◽  
Vol XXXI (1-4) ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
R. T. Gaifutdinov ◽  
М. F. Ismagilov ◽  
D. R. Khasanova
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Thermal State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Autonomic Dysregulation ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Physical Sense

Body temperature reflects the state of homeostasis, the intensity of bioenergetic processes and the thermal state of the human body as a whole. In the physical sense, body temperature is a measure of the amount of thermal energy in the body, determines the rate of chemical reactions, affecting all biological functions of the body.

scholarly journals Antenna/Body Coupling in the Near-Field at 60 GHz: Impact on the Absorbed Power Density

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7392
Author(s):  
Massinissa Ziane ◽  
Ronan Sauleau ◽  
Maxim Zhadobov
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Near Field ◽  
The Body ◽  
Equivalent Model ◽  
60 Ghz ◽  
Incident Power Density ◽  
The Impact

Wireless devices, such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops, are intended to be used in the vicinity of the human body. When an antenna is placed close to a lossy medium, near-field interactions may modify the electromagnetic field distribution. Here, we analyze analytically and numerically the impact of antenna/human body interactions on the transmitted power density (TPD) at 60 GHz using a skin-equivalent model. To this end, several scenarios of increasing complexity are considered: plane-wave illumination, equivalent source, and patch antenna arrays. Our results demonstrate that, for all considered scenarios, the presence of the body in the vicinity of a source results in an increase in the average TPD. The local TPD enhancement due to the body presence close to a patch antenna array reaches 95.5% for an adult (dry skin). The variations are higher for wet skin (up to 98.25%) and for children (up to 103.3%). Both absolute value and spatial distribution of TPD are altered by the antenna/body coupling. These results suggest that the exact distribution of TPD cannot be retrieved from measurements of the incident power density in free-space in absence of the body. Therefore, for accurate measurements of the absorbed and epithelial power density (metrics used as the main dosimetric quantities at frequencies > 6 GHz), it is important to perform measurements under conditions where the wireless device under test is perturbed in the same way as by the presence of the human body in realistic use case scenarios.

Correction of Posture Deviations in the Sagittal Plane Using the Pilates Method

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Alexandru Cîtea ◽  
George-Sebastian Iacob
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Pilates Method ◽  
The Relationship

Posture is commonly perceived as the relationship between the segments of the human body upright. Certain parts of the body such as the cephalic extremity, neck, torso, upper and lower limbs are involved in the final posture of the body. Musculoskeletal instabilities and reduced postural control lead to the installation of nonstructural posture deviations in all 3 anatomical planes. When we talk about the sagittal plane, it was concluded that there are 4 main types of posture deviation: hyperlordotic posture, kyphotic posture, rectitude and "sway-back" posture.Pilates method has become in the last decade a much more popular formof exercise used in rehabilitation. The Pilates method is frequently prescribed to people with low back pain due to their orientation on the stabilizing muscles of the pelvis. Pilates exercise is thus theorized to help reactivate the muscles and, by doingso, increases lumbar support, reduces pain, and improves body alignment.

Amelioration of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury by Citrus Leaf Extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-431
Author(s):  
Jin Xuezhu ◽  
Li Jitong ◽  
Nie Leigang ◽  
Xue Junlai
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Citrus Leaf ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role of citrus leaf extract in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury and its potential molecular mechanism. Carbon tetrachloride was used to construct hepatic injury animal model. To this end, rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, carbon tetrachloride-treated, and two carbon tetrachloride + citrus leaf extract-treated groups. The results show that citrus leaf extract treatment significantly reversed the effects of carbon tetrachloride on the body weight changes and liver index. Besides, treatment with citrus leaf extract also reduced the levels of serum liver enzymes and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. H&E staining and western blotting suggested that citrus leaf extract could repair liver histological damage by regulating AMPK and Nrf-2.

Representation of a Human Body: A Comparison Study between Balinese and Javanese Traditional House

Humaniora ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Ayu Wulandari ◽  
Ade Ariyani Sari Fajarwati
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Architectural Drawing ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Head Area

The research would look further at the representation of the human body in both Balinese and Javanese traditional houses and compared the function and meaning of each part. To achieve the research aim, which was to evaluate and compare the representation of the human body in Javanese and Balinese traditional houses, a qualitative method through literature and descriptive analysis study was conducted. A comparative study approach would be used with an in-depth comparative study. It would revealed not only the similarities but also the differences between both subjects. The research shows that both traditional houses represent the human body in their way. From the architectural drawing top to bottom, both houses show the same structure that is identical to the human body; head at the top, followed by the body, and feet at the bottom. However, the comparative study shows that each area represents a different meaning. The circulation of the house is also different, while the Balinese house is started with feet and continued to body and head area. Simultaneously, the Javanese house is started with the head, then continued to body, and feet area.

scholarly journals Enhanced Power Extraction with Sediment Microbial Fuel Cells by Anode Alternation

Fuels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-178
Author(s):  
Marzia Quaglio ◽  
Daniyal Ahmed ◽  
Giulia Massaglia ◽  
Adriano Sacco ◽  
Valentina Margaria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Power Extraction ◽  
Harvesting Technique ◽  
Harvesting Method ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices ◽  
Efficient Power

Sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) are energy harvesting devices where the anode is buried inside marine sediment, while the cathode stays in an aerobic environment on the surface of the water. To apply this SCMFC as a power source, it is crucial to have an efficient power management system, leading to development of an effective energy harvesting technique suitable for such biological devices. In this work, we demonstrate an effective method to improve power extraction with SMFCs based on anodes alternation. We have altered the setup of a traditional SMFC to include two anodes working with the same cathode. This setup is compared with a traditional setup (control) and a setup that undergoes intermittent energy harvesting, establishing the improvement of energy collection using the anodes alternation technique. Control SMFC produced an average power density of 6.3 mW/m2 and SMFC operating intermittently produced 8.1 mW/m2. On the other hand, SMFC operating using the anodes alternation technique produced an average power density of 23.5 mW/m2. These results indicate the utility of the proposed anodes alternation method over both the control and intermittent energy harvesting techniques. The Anode Alternation can also be viewed as an advancement of the intermittent energy harvesting method.

Embodying the culture of achievement: Culture between illness and perfection is a ‘thin line’ – obtaining the ideal female body as an act of achievement

2021 ◽  
pp. 1354067X2110040
Author(s):  
Josefine Dilling ◽  
Anders Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Female Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thin Line ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Body Ideals

In this article, we argue that certain behaviour connected to the attempt to attain contemporary female body ideals in Denmark can be understood as an act of achievement and, thus, as an embodiment of the culture of achievement, as it is characterised in Præstationssamfundet, written by the Danish sociologist Anders Petersen (2016) Hans Reitzels Forlag . Arguing from cultural psychological and sociological standpoints, this article examines how the human body functions as a mediational tool in different ways from which the individual communicates both moral and aesthetic sociocultural ideals and values. Complex processes of embodiment, we argue, can be described with different levels of internalisation, externalisation and materialisation, where the body functions as a central mediator. Analysing the findings from a qualitative experimental study on contemporary body ideals carried out by the Danish psychologists Josefine Dilling and Maja Trillingsgaard, this article seeks to anchor such theoretical claims in central empirical findings. The main conclusions from the study are used to structure the article and build arguments on how expectations and ideals expressed in an achievement society become embodied.

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