scholarly journals Improper Disposal of Non-biodegradable Chewing Gum is One of the Biggest Threats to Our Ecology: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 916-927
Author(s):  
Amit Saha Roy
Keyword(s):  
Chewing Gum ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Gum Chewing ◽  
Hydrophobic Polymers ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Stress Relieving ◽  
Long Time

One of the oldest habits of human beings is chewing gum. It has continued from ancient civilizations to the current time. Gum chewing provides a relaxing experience that individuals enjoy for a long time. The non-food item, chewing gum, has a long history. The gradual progression of its development has provided us with a greater flavour as well as extra medicinal properties. Chewing gum is known for its stress-relieving qualities as well as its ability to keep our mouths fresh. Soon, ‘chewing gum’ will be included as part of the drug delivery mechanism. Unfortunately, it has had some negative consequences. Modern chewing gum is made of non-biodegradable hydrophobic polymers together with artificial sweeteners and flavours. So, chewing this sort of synthetic material over a long time could produce some adverse effects. After chewing, most individuals throw the waste part of chewing gum everywhere, resulting in environmental trash known as 'gum pollution. Each year, chewing gum generates more than 105 tonnes of "plastic" garbage. Thus, the discarded non-biodegradable residue of the gum produces plastic pollution. Every year, enormous sums of money are spent to clean up the abandoned gum from the streets. Again, it has a high potential to trap bacteria inside. Therefore, this widespread habit causes an additional nuisance in this pandemic situation. As a result, the waste part of the gum has multiple dimensions to pollute our environment. Gum disposal has become a major problem all across the world. Gum litter can only be reduced by properly disposing of gum. As a result, it's time to reconsider the role of chewing gum in terms of human health and the environment. This article emphasizes the importance of proper waste (gum) disposal and calls for increased awareness to safeguard our environment from "gum pollution."

A Review on Profit, Probable Hazard, and Ecological Impacts of Commonly used Chewing Gum

2021 ◽  
pp. 459-470
Author(s):  
Sanϳay Roy
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Chewing Gum ◽  
Artificial Sweetener ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Medical Outcomes ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Near Future

One of the oldest habits of human beings is to chew gum that was continuing from ancient civilizations to the modern world. Chew the gum could be a quiet pleasure that charming people for a long time. The non-food item chewing gum has a long history. The stepwise progress of its development has given us better flavour and additional medicative values. The stress-releasing properties and different medical outcomes have to make chewing gum popular for everyone. Chew the gum isn’t bring solely stripling pleasure, in near future ‘chewing gum’ perhaps use as a part of the drug delivery system. Unfortunately, it has also produced some negative effects. Modern chewing gum is made by non-biodegradable hydrophobic polymer together with artificial sweetener and flavour. So chew this sort of synthetic materials over a long time could produce some adverse effects. Again, because of our irresponsible attitude to toss the waste part of chewing gum anywhere creates some kind of serious environmental litter known as ‘gum pollution’. Therefore this widespread habit causes some sort of nuisance. Thus it’s the time to think how chewing gum offers us additional pleasure and benefits while not hampering human health and surroundings.

Effect of Chewing Gum on Bowel Motility in Women Undergoing Post-Operative Cesarean Section

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr.Randa Mohammed AboBaker
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Chewing Gum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Bowel Motility ◽  
Gum Chewing ◽  
Significant Difference

Postoperative Ileus (POI) is one of the most common problems after obstetrics, gynecologic and abdominal surgeries. Sham feeding, such as gum chewing, accelerates the return of bowel function and the length of hospital stay. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of chewing gum on bowel motility in women undergoing post-operative cesarean section. Intervention study was used at the Postpartum Department of Maternity and Children Hospital, KSA. A randomized controlled clinical trial research design. Through a convenience technique, 80 post Caesarian Section (CS) women were included in the study. Data were collected through three tools: Tool (I): Socio-demographic data and reproductive history interview schedule. Tool (II): Postoperative Assessment Sheet. Tool (III): Outcomes of gum chewing and the length of hospital stay.  Method: subjects were assigned randomly into two groups of (40) the experimental and (40) the control. Subjects in the study group were asked to chew two pieces of sugarless gum for 30 min/three times daily in the morning, noon, and evening immediately after recovery from anesthesia and in Postpartum Department; while subjects in the control group followed the hospital routine care. Each woman in both groups was tested abdominally using a stethoscope to auscultate the bowel sounds and asked to report immediately the time of either passing flatus or stool. Results: illustrated that a highly statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups concerning their gum chewing outcomes. Where, P = 0.000. The study concluded that gum chewing is safe, well tolerated and appears to be effective in reducing the incidence and consequences of POI following CS.

Impact of Job Stress and Social Support on Job Satisfaction among Academic Staff

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumari Kumkum ◽  
R. N. Singh ◽  
Yogershi Rajpoot
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Job Stress ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Four Dimensions

There may be so many negative consequences of stress for human beings and dissatisfaction among employees happens to be one of the major problems. It indicates negative feelings that individuals have regarding their jobs or its facets. On the other hand, social support is assumed to be mitigating the relationship between negative aspects of the work environment and job satisfaction. Job stress is said to be associated with job dissatisfaction as well as experience of strain. In view of the above, this study examined the role of job stress and social support in job satisfaction. The sample consisted of 30 school teachers from different school of Varanasi (U.P.). The job stress, job satisfaction and social support scales were administered on the participants. The responses of the participants were converted into scores for statistical analyses. The scores of participants on the scales were correlated. The findings revealed that job stress led to increased job satisfaction. It is against the proposed hypothesis and it appears as if the social support received by the participants is a factor behind it. Two of the four dimensions of social support were found to exert positive impact on job satisfaction but the other two dimensions were not found to be correlated with it. The findings are thoroughly discussed and interpreted.

The benefits and disadvantages of the law on the expansion of the jurisdiction of the DIFC Court

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-232
Author(s):  
Tareq Na’el Al-Tawil ◽  
Prabhakar Gantasala ◽  
Hassan Younies
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Limited Volume ◽  
Financial Centre ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Law

Purpose This paper aims to discuss the benefits and disadvantages of the law on the expansion of the jurisdiction of the Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC) Court. The major role of DIFC Courts in the Arab community is to handle cases related to commerce and business. For a long time, the court had been acting only in their geographical area until a new law was enacted to extend their jurisdiction all over the world. Afterward, a lot of criticism emerged as for why and how the court will benefit from such actions. The law has drawn a harsh response, although most benefits have also been experienced since the court received quite a large number of new signings. Interaction at the world business forum has benefited the economy of Dubai thanks to the law. Design/methodology/approach The following study focuses on a description of such benefits and drawbacks. The study does not evaluate a factual process of expansion but indicates the most distinct evidence of positive, as well as negative consequences of the expansion. Findings It is appropriate to make a general comment on the fact that the expansion of DIFC Court is not sufficiently effective at the current stage. Needless to say, it contains numerous positive aspects, but the gaps are evidently essential because they place the entire Court in a hard circumstance. The Court does not have a well-developed legal framework for its new area of jurisdiction as long as its limited volume of prior precedent is a distinct sign of the Court’s dependence on the UAE’s Law. In such way, DIFC Court will not be able to address issues within new fields of jurisdiction, as it simply lacks an expertise and international law in its legal framework. Moreover, the jurisdiction over new areas of international business was not verified with a plain system of mediation, which is why a current expansion of DIFC Court has to be recognized as redundant. However, its advantages are tending to produce their effects provided that the Court manages to address its current problems. Originality/value The study has described the basic benefits and drawbacks of DIFC Court expansion. To speak about the main benefits, they can be depicted as appliance of the common law, unification of English language for proceedings, presence of a preliminary arbitration and guarantees of award enforcement. In a similar way, the drawbacks of the expansion have been issued. The study has identified such drawbacks as lack of international and sophisticated expertise, untested legal framework, strong influence of forum non conveniens, and existence of a limited volume of prior precedent. The paper has not assessed a success of a factual expansion of DIFC Court jurisdiction, but it has managed to fulfill its primary purpose. Thus, the paper has identified a certain tendency concerning the expansion.

Adolescência, mídia e drogas: O condicionamento do humano através de mecanismos midiáticos

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marciano Tribess
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Aldous Huxley ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Society Of The Spectacle ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Michel Henry ◽  
The Media

This book presents the influence exerted by the media on children and adolescents in relation to the early experimentation with psychoactive substances. And the pedagogical-theological intervention as a preventive strategy. The influence on the human being through media mechanisms that condition him to the action expected by the conditioning, has been studied for a long time, by several authors such as Aldous Huxley with his book "Admirável Mundo Novo" that already addressed the conditionality of the human since the decade of 30. In the following decades, other theorists such as Edgar Morin and Guy Debord, analyzed how the human being is conditioned through mass culture and the society of the spectacle. The reality presented in relation to the conditioning of children and adolescents through the media has propelled the author, to seek preventive ways regarding the conditionality of human beings through the media. For that, it analyzed theorists like Paulo Freire and Michel Henry and their discoveries about the mediation of knowledge and the analysis of the Words of Christ and how they can contribute in the elaboration of pedagogical-theological interventions.

scholarly journals Role of Statues in the Artistic Commemoration of African Political Leaders: Analysis of 20 Selected National Statues in African Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-77
Author(s):  
Kamau Wango
Keyword(s):  
Public Art ◽  
The Political ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Visual Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Artistic commemoration of leaders and other iconic personalities has been in existence for centuries. Statues in particular have been used as a fitting avenue for the commemoration of political leaders and other luminaries in many fields. The premise upon which statues are made is that the subjects featured initiated and attained, in their lifetimes, concrete achievements that significantly impacted upon the lives of their fellow human beings. Other criteria for commemoration include proven integrity, dedication and selflessness in the service of the country and citizens. Statues as an integral part of public art have often generated substantial controversy on various fronts in many countries. Some of these gravitate around issues such as disputed likeness, queries about the fundamental achievements cited of the subject, at times open protests on the actions, character and integrity of the subject as well as the location of the statues. Other areas of contention include the implication of the presence of statues upon the political psyche of the country and their long-time impact on history, the youth and posterity. This paper examines the extent to which African countries have embraced this mode of artistic rendition to commemorate African political leaders in a way that is commensurate to their achievements. It is outside the scope of this paper to delve into the intricate web of back-and-forth arguments about the ‘concreteness’ of the legacies of the featured leaders who are mainly founding political figures of the respective countries. The paper, however, analyses the artistic essence of the selected statues in terms of their visual impact and whether they are indeed useful in articulating the legacies of the subjects and further, whether they ultimately bear ‘enduring visual value’ that spurs conversation and insight into these legacies. Statues must, at the very least, spur debate and conversation into the legacy of the featured subject. It becomes a form of constant interrogation as history itself takes its course; controversy is not necessarily a negative occurrence since it forms part of this discourse. The concept of immortalization, which is what initiators of statues often hope for is much harder to achieve and difficult to define. The paper examines 20 statues of African political leaders in different African Countries.

scholarly journals Defining Human Factor and Ergonomic and its related issues in Malaysia Pineapple Plantations

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 05047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Fazrina Mohamad Salleh ◽  
Ezrin Hani Sukadarin
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Human Factors Engineering ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Industrial Ergonomics ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
English Articles ◽  
Selection Of

Human factor and ergonomic has been a standardized as synonymous for a long time and has great potential to contribute in designing all kinds of systems with people. However, some opinions draw precisely distinctions among these terms. Numerous studies have been conducted in their attempt to understand the concept of human factor and ergonomic. The meaning of each term must be clearly understood before using them in any research to understand how human beings interact with surroundings. So, this paper seeks to review the definition of human factor and ergonomic. English articles and books dated as far 1970 were compiled from Taylor and Francis Online, Google Scholar and Science Direct. The keywords used in the selection of the articles are human factors, human factors engineering, ergonomics, industrial ergonomics, reviews, definition, difference and risk factors. A risk model related to each term is also provided to have more understanding towards it. Based on the finding of the literature review of human factor and ergonomic issue in pineapple plantation were explore and are categorized accordingly.

THE EFFECT OF ALUMINUM ELECTROPOLISHING ON NANO-PORES ARRANGEMENT IN ANODIC ALUMINA MEMBRANES

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (18n19) ◽  
pp. 3267-3277 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. RAHIMI ◽  
S. H. TABAIAN ◽  
S. P. HOVEYDA MARASHI ◽  
M. AMIRI ◽  
M. M. DALALY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Anodic Alumina ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Nanoporous Anodic Alumina ◽  
Alumina Membranes ◽  
Stress Relieving

Surface conditions of aluminum can influence the final arrangement of nano-pores in fabrication of ordered nanoporous anodic alumina membranes (AAMs). This study is mainly focused on the different applied voltages of aluminum electropolishing by keeping all the other parameters constant. After heat treatment (stress relieving and annealing at 500°C) of pure aluminum sheets, the samples were electropolished at different voltages (10-60V) to obtain desirable surface smoothness, while the temperature of the container was kept constant. The current-time curves were recorded during electropolishing process. The surface roughness obtained in each applied voltage was examined using optical microscope and atomic force microscope (AFM). The process was followed by two-step anodization in order to reach ordered nano-pores. Finally, the influence of surface roughness on regularity of nano-pores was observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM images were analyzed to investigate the morphology and the degree of self ordering of pores of the samples by using a new designed analytical method aiming MATLAB and fast Fourier transform (FFT) technique. It was concluded that the electropolishing voltage and the resulted surface roughness and also formed defects can competitively affect the arrangement of membrane's nano-pores. A desired smoothness obtained from electropolishing voltage of 30V. Also 40V provided the best order with respect to the other voltages.

Pengaruh mengunyah permen karet xylitol terhadap timbulnya motilitas usus pasca operasi dengan general anestesi

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Djunizar Djamaludin ◽  
Eka Yudha Chrisanto
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chewing Gum ◽  
P Value ◽  
Bowel Motility ◽  
Bowel Sounds ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Gum Chewing ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Intestine Motility

Xylitol gum chewing to achieve early postoperative restoration of bowel motility after surgery under general anesthesiaBackground: The problem that is often encountered in the use of general anesthesia in major surgery is the Post-Operative Ileus (POI). POI is a temporary loss of gastrointestinal propulsion activity characterized by no sounding of bowel sounds and abdominal discomfort and distension. Providing nutrition oral or enteral  when bowel sounds begin to sound has a weakness where it was reported that in this intervention the incidence of bloating, nausea and vomiting was mostly experienced by patients who were intolerant of the presence of food in their stomach.Purpose: Knowing the effect of Xylitol gum chewing to achieve early postoperative restoration of bowel motility after surgery under general anesthesiaMethod: A quasi-experimental method with pre-test and post-test in two groups of 20 patients as participants at A. Dadi Tjokro Dipo Hospital Bandar Lampung City recruited and taken by purposive sampling technique, 10 participants as intervention group (treat by chewing xylitol gum) and other of 10 participants as control group.Results: Finding that by a treat of Xylitol gum chewing in postoperative restoration of bowel motility after surgery under general anesthesia took after 2.3 hours while the patients who did not chew xylitol gum occurred 6.8 hours. T-Test showed that p-value was 0.00 that indicated the p-value < 0.05.Conclusion: There was a difference in the occurring time of the intestine motility between control and experiment groups. It is gained that difference is 4.39 hours with p-value = 0.00 which indicated p < 0.05, that there was an effect of chewing gum containing xylitol on the occurrence of post-operative intestine motility after general anesthesia surgery at A Dadi Tjokor Dipo Hospital of Bandar Lampung City. The present study suggests chewing gum is an alternative method to stimulate intestine motility for early post-operation feeding as a low-cost, safe, and tolerable treatment when without contra indication.Keywords:  Xylitol gum chewing; Postoperative restoration; Bowel motility; Surgery; General anesthesiaPendahuluan: Masalah yang sering dijumpai dalam penggunaan general anestesi pada pembedahan mayor yaitu Post-Operative Ileus (POI). POI adalah hilangnya aktivitas daya dorong saluran cerna untuk sementara yang ditandai dengan tidak terdengarnya bising usus dan rasa tidak nyaman serta distensi abdomen. Memberikan nutrisi secara oral maupun enteral pada saat bising usus mulai terdengar merupakan memiliki kelemahan dimana dilaporkan bahwa pada intervensi ini kejadian kembung, mual dan muntah paling banyak dialami oleh pasien yang tidak toleran terhadap adanya makanan dalam lambungnyaTujuan: Diketahuinya pengaruh mengunyah permen yang mengandung xylitol terhadap timbulnya motilitas usus pada pasien pasca operasi dengan general anestesi.Metode: Penelitian eksperimen semu dengan pre-test dan post-test group. Jumlah pasien yang akan menjalani operasi elektif dengan menggunakan anestesi umum sebanyak 20 pasien di RSUD A. Dadi Tjokro Dipo Kota Bandar Lampung. Sampel diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling, 10 pasien pasca operasi mengunyah permen karet xylitol dan 10 pasien pasca operasi tidak mengunyah permen karet xylitol.Hasil: Didapatkan motilitas usus timbul 2,3 jam setelah mengunyah permen karet dan 6,8 jam bila tidak mengunyah. Hasil uji t-test  didapatkan bahwa p value=0,00 yang berarti nilai p<0,05.Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan waktu timbulnya motilitas usus pada kelompok kontrol dan kelompok eskperimen sebesar 4,39 jam dan didapatkan nilai p=0,00 yang berarti nilai p<0,05 sehingga Ho ditolak. Oleh karena itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh pemberian permen karet yang mengandung xylitol terhadap timbulnya motilitas usus pasca operasi dengan general anestesi di RSUD A. Dadi Tjokro Dipo Kota Bandar Lampung. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mengunyah permen karet adalah metode alternatif untuk merangsang motilitas usus untuk pemberian makan pasca operasi awal sebagai pengobatan yang berbiaya rendah, aman, dan dapat ditoleransi..

Lessons from Covid 19 experience for African governments: towards environmental sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
Peter Bisong Bisong
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Life Changes ◽  
Philosophical Methods ◽  
Long Time

Covid 19 is an unfortunate situation that nevertheless could be said to have produced environmentally beneficial results. It has forced Africans and humanity in general to change attitudes and lifestyles that were hitherto inimical to the environment to ones that could restore the environment. For the sake of survival, consumerism which is one of the greatest hallmarks of Africans and a source of depletion of earth resources has given way to frugality; transportation activities that is one of the greatest sources of global warming have significantly reduced and most importantly human population which has terrifically posed as a threat to the survival of the environment is being forcefully checked. These and many other life changes in human beings, though accidental, are healing the environment, and the paper argues that if they are sustained, the environment will totally be restored to sound health. Most of these changes will naturally be sustained even after the Covid 19 pandemic, for as Aristotle acknowledged, actions perpetrated for a long time become habituated. However, I believe that if conscious efforts are also made to sustain these changed attitudes, then the environmental crisis currently enveloping the globe will be halted. The paper using philosophical methods of criticality and argumentation concludes that Covid 19 though tragic for humans, nevertheless has lessons that could be useful for the present drive to sustain the environment and by that prevent future pandemic that could be environmentally related. The paper argues vehemently that African governments must steer their developmental agenda towards environmental sustenance in line with Covid 19 seeming directives to humanity.

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