scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Salt Stress Tolerance in Jojoba (Simmondsia Chinensis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-57
Author(s):  
Budour A. Alghamdi ◽  
Sameera O. Bafeel ◽  
Sherif Edris ◽  
Ahmed Atef ◽  
Mohammed Al-Matary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Simmondsia Chinensis ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Sod Activity

The aim of this study was todetect the expression profiles of salt-related genes in the leaf transcriptome of Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) to decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying salt stress tolerance in this plant species. The analyzed RNA-Seq data identified numerous differentially expressed genesthat were mostly upregulated under salt (NaCl) stress conditions. The genes varied in their ability to limit cellular damage under stress conditions by regulatingthe production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Some genes demonstrated the use of methylation/demethylation followed by intergenerational transmission of a “stress memory”. Other genes are known for their potential to produce proteins with superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, the ability to detoxify metal ions and to produce molecular chaperones. Additional activities include regulating signal transductionandthe ion transport processes, the reprogramming of selective gene expression andthe maintenance of balanced sucrose content, ethylene signaling and homeostasis, the regulating of plasmodesmal permeability, ubiquitination,and selective protein degradation. Moreover, genes were also identified to be associated with cell wall remodeling, alleviating chlorophyll content, and accumulatinglower levels of sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-), as well as increased levels of lignin that function to support a plant’s integrity under salt stress. Overall, these data provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms at play during conditions of salt stress. These mechanisms ensure a plant’s survival and help to maintain its natural chemical compounds. These findings may be beneficial in furthering the use of this economically important plant.

scholarly journals PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING SALT STRESS TOLERANCE IN JOJOBA (SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 1953-1982
Author(s):  
B.A. ALGHAMDI ◽  
S.O. BAFEEL ◽  
S. EDRIS ◽  
A. ATEF ◽  
M. AL-MATARY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Simmondsia Chinensis ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance

scholarly journals Transcriptome Changes Reveal the Molecular Mechanisms of Humic Acid-Induced Salt Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 782
Author(s):  
Joon-Yung Cha ◽  
Sang-Ho Kang ◽  
Myung Geun Ji ◽  
Gyeong-Im Shin ◽  
Song Yi Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Genes Encoding

Humic acid (HA) is a principal component of humic substances, which make up the complex organic matter that broadly exists in soil environments. HA promotes plant development as well as stress tolerance, however the precise molecular mechanism for these is little known. Here we conducted transcriptome analysis to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which HA enhances salt stress tolerance. Gene Ontology Enrichment Analysis pointed to the involvement of diverse abiotic stress-related genes encoding HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINs and redox proteins, which were up-regulated by HA regardless of salt stress. Genes related to biotic stress and secondary metabolic process were mainly down-regulated by HA. In addition, HA up-regulated genes encoding transcription factors (TFs) involved in plant development as well as abiotic stress tolerance, and down-regulated TF genes involved in secondary metabolic processes. Our transcriptome information provided here provides molecular evidences and improves our understanding of how HA confers tolerance to salinity stress in plants.

scholarly journals Knockdown of Cytochrome P450 Genes Gh_D07G1197 and Gh_A13G2057 on Chromosomes D07 and A13 Reveals Their Putative Role in Enhancing Drought and Salt Stress Tolerance in Gossypium hirsutum

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Odongo Magwanga ◽  
Pu Lu ◽  
Joy Nyangasi Kirungu ◽  
Qi Dong ◽  
Xiaoyan Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Tetraploid Cotton ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Drought And Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Responsive Genes

We identified 672, 374, and 379 CYPs proteins encoded by the CYPs genes in Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium raimondii, and Gossypium arboreum, respectively. The genes were found to be distributed in all 26 chromosomes of the tetraploid cotton, with chrA05, chrA12, and their homeolog chromosomes harboring the highest number of genes. The physiochemical properties of the proteins encoded by the CYP450 genes varied in terms of their protein lengths, molecular weight, isoelectric points (pI), and even grand hydropathy values (GRAVY). However, over 99% of the cotton proteins had GRAVY values below 0, which indicated that the majority of the proteins encoded by the CYP450 genes were hydrophilic in nature, a common property of proteins encoded by stress-responsive genes. Moreover, through the RNA interference (RNAi) technique, the expression levels of Gh_D07G1197 and Gh_A13G2057 were suppressed, and the silenced plants showed a higher concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with a significant reduction in the concentration levels of glutathione (GSH), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and proline compared to the wild types under drought and salt stress conditions. Furthermore, the stress-responsive genes 1-Pyrroline–5-Carboxylate Synthetase (GhP5CS), superoxide dismutase (GhSOD), and myeloblastosis (GhMYB) were downregulated in VIGS plants, but showed upregulation in the leaf tissues of the wild types under drought and salt stress conditions. In addition, CYP450-silenced cotton plants exhibited a high level of oxidative injury due to high levels of oxidant enzymes, in addition to negative effects on CMS, ELWL, RLWC, and chlorophyll content The results provide the basic foundation for future exploration of the proteins encoded by the CYP450 genes in order to understand the physiological and biochemical mechanisms in enhancing drought and salt stress tolerance in plants.

scholarly journals Salt stress tolerance in cowpea is poorly related to the ability to cope with oxidative stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney C. Praxedes ◽  
Fábio M. Damatta ◽  
Claudivan F. De Lacerda ◽  
José T. Prisco ◽  
Enéas Gomes-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Functional Link ◽  
Leaves And Roots

Abstract We have previously demonstrated that salt tolerance in cowpea could be associated with lesser impairments of the photosynthetic capacity. Taking into account that photosynthesis is the main sink for reducing power consumption, our central working hypothesis is that a salt-sensitive cultivar is more prone to suffer from oxidative stress. We analyzed the long-term effects of salt stress on oxidative damage and protection against reactive oxygen species in both leaves and roots of a salt-tolerant (Pitiúba) and a salt-sensitive (TVu) cowpea cultivar. Two salt treatments (0 and 75 mM NaCl) were applied to 10-day-old plants grown in nutrient solution for 24 days. Significant salt-induced oxidative damage as demonstrated via increases in malondialdehyde concentration were noted, particularly in leaves at the end of the experiment, although such damage was found earlier in Pitiúba. In salt-stressed plants, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased only in Pitiúba at 24 days from the start of salt additions (DSSA). In Pitiúba, catalase (CAT) was not significantly affected by the treatments, whereas in TVu its activity was dramatically lower in salt-stressed plants at 10DSSAonwards. In general salt stress led to significant increases, much more pronounced in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), at the end of the experiment in both cultivars. In roots, salt-induced increases in enzyme activities were particularly noted at 24 DSSA, as found for SOD and APX in Pitiúba, CAT in TVu and GR and GPX in both cultivars. Therefore, in contrast to our expectations, the present results argue, to a great extent, against a functional link between salt stress tolerance and the expression of the antioxidant system. We also demonstrated that leaves and roots should be evaluated for a full assessment of whole plant acclimation to salt stress.

scholarly journals Heterologous Expression of Transcription Factor AtWRKY57 Alleviates Salt Stress-Induced Oxidative Damage

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-218
Author(s):  
Wei Tang
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Heterologous Expression ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Wrky Transcription Factors

Background:WRKY transcription factors play important roles in the responses to abiotic stresses, seed dormancy, seed germination, developmental processes, secondary metabolism, and senescence in plants. However, molecular mechanisms of WRKY transcription factors-related abiotic stress tolerance have not been fully understood.Methods:In this investigation, transcription factor AtWRKY57 was introduced into cell lines of rice (Oryza sativaL.), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and white pine (Pinus strobesL.) for characterization of its function in salt stress tolerance. The purpose of this investigation is to examine the function of AtWRKY in a broad sample of plant species including monocotyledons, dicotyledons, and gymnosperms.Results:The experimental results demonstrated that heterologous expression of transcription factor AtWRKY57 improves salt stress tolerance by decreasing Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance (TBARS), increasing Ascorbate Peroxidase (APOX) and Catalase (CAT) activity under salt stress. In rice, overexpression of transcription factor AtWRKY57 enhances expression of Ca2+-dependent protein kinase genesOsCPk6andOsCPk19to counteract salt stress.Conclusion:These results indicated that transcription factor AtWRKY57 might have practical application in genetic engineering of plant salt tolerance throughout the plant kingdom.

scholarly journals Enhancement to Salt Stress Tolerance in Strawberry Plants by Iodine Products Application

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 602
Author(s):  
Julia Medrano Macías ◽  
María Guadalupe López Caltzontzit ◽  
Erika Nohemi Rivas Martínez ◽  
Willian Alfredo Narváez Ortiz ◽  
Adalberto Benavides Mendoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Biomass Loss ◽  
Environmental Adaptations ◽  
Quality Value ◽  
Mn Concentrations

Iodine is a non-essential element for land plants, but is considered as a beneficial element, related to antioxidant capacity, environmental adaptations and improvement of plant growth. Salinity is one of the more recurrent abiotic stresses worldwide, seriously affecting vegetal production. The aim of this work was to evaluate iodine application (Q products® and KIO3, Quimcasa de México, Naucalpan, Mexico) in strawberry plants under normal and salt stress conditions. Growth, antioxidant content, essential minerals, iodine accumulation and fruit quality were evaluated. The results showed that, under stress conditions, the application of Q products increased ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) activity as well as glutathione (GSH) content and yield in fruit, without avoiding biomass loss; with the application of KIO3 an increase in GSH and APX activity as well as P and K concentrations were obtained. In leaves an increase in P, Ca, Mn and iodine accumulation was evidenced with the application of Q products, and an increased concentration of ascorbic acid and iodine with KIO3 treatments. Under normal conditions in fruits, the application of Q products increased phenolic compounds synthesis; additionally, an increase in Ca and Mn concentrations was shown. KIO3 application increased the firmness and Mn. In leaves, the application of Q products increased chlorophyll a, b and calcium. In conclusion, the application of iodine improves the quality value of strawberries under normal conditions and provides an enhancement of salt stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Transcriptome profiling at osmotic and ionic phases of salt stress response in bread wheat uncovers trait-specific candidate genes

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Duarte-Delgado ◽  
Said Dadshani ◽  
Heiko Schoof ◽  
Benedict C. Oyiga ◽  
Michael Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Tolerant Genotype

Abstract Background Bread wheat is one of the most important crops for the human diet, but the increasing soil salinization is causing yield reductions worldwide. Improving salt stress tolerance in wheat requires the elucidation of the mechanistic basis of plant response to this abiotic stress factor. Although several studies have been performed to analyze wheat adaptation to salt stress, there are still some gaps to fully understand the molecular mechanisms from initial signal perception to the onset of responsive tolerance pathways. The main objective of this study is to exploit the dynamic salt stress transcriptome in underlying QTL regions to uncover candidate genes controlling salt stress tolerance in bread wheat. The massive analysis of 3′-ends sequencing protocol was used to analyze leave samples at osmotic and ionic phases. Afterward, stress-responsive genes overlapping QTL for salt stress-related traits in two mapping populations were identified. Results Among the over-represented salt-responsive gene categories, the early up-regulation of calcium-binding and cell wall synthesis genes found in the tolerant genotype are presumably strategies to cope with the salt-related osmotic stress. On the other hand, the down-regulation of photosynthesis-related and calcium-binding genes, and the increased oxidative stress response in the susceptible genotype are linked with the greater photosynthesis inhibition at the osmotic phase. The specific up-regulation of some ABC transporters and Na+/Ca2+ exchangers in the tolerant genotype at the ionic stage indicates their involvement in mechanisms of sodium exclusion and homeostasis. Moreover, genes related to protein synthesis and breakdown were identified at both stress phases. Based on the linkage disequilibrium blocks, salt-responsive genes within QTL intervals were identified as potential components operating in pathways leading to salt stress tolerance. Furthermore, this study conferred evidence of novel regions with transcription in bread wheat. Conclusion The dynamic transcriptome analysis allowed the comparison of osmotic and ionic phases of the salt stress response and gave insights into key molecular mechanisms involved in the salt stress adaptation of contrasting bread wheat genotypes. The leveraging of the highly contiguous chromosome-level reference genome sequence assembly facilitated the QTL dissection by targeting novel candidate genes for salt tolerance.

scholarly journals High-throughput phenotyping-based QTL mapping reveals the genetic architecture of the salt stress tolerance of Brassica napus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guofang Zhang ◽  
Jinzhi Zhou ◽  
Yan Peng ◽  
Zengdong Tan ◽  
Yuting Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Qtl Mapping ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
High Throughput Phenotyping

Salt stress is a major limiting factor that severely affects the survival and growth of crops. It is important to understand the salt tolerance ability of Brassica napus and explore the underlying related genetic resources. We used a high-throughput phenotyping platform to quantify 2,111 image-based traits (i-traits) of a natural population under 3 different salt stress conditions and an intervarietal substitution line (ISL) population under 9 different stress conditions to monitor and evaluate the salt stress tolerance of B. napus over time. We finally identified 928 high-quality i-traits associated with the salt stress tolerance of B. napus. Moreover, we mapped the salt stress-related loci in the natural population via a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and performed a linkage analysis associated with the ISL population, respectively. The results revealed 234 candidate genes associated with salt stress response, and two novel candidate genes, BnCKX5 and BnERF3, were experimentally verified to regulate the salt stress tolerance of B. napus. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using high-throughput phenotyping-based QTL mapping to accurately and comprehensively quantify i-traits associated with B. napus. The mapped loci could be used for genomics-assisted breeding to genetically improve the salt stress tolerance of B. napus.

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