Effect of Partial Oxidation Rubber on Hydrophilicity of Cement Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 846 ◽  
pp. 202-206
Author(s):  
Chi Yao Chen ◽  
Tzu Hou Wang ◽  
Maw Tien Lee
Keyword(s):  
Partial Oxidation ◽  
Rubber Particle ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Hydration Reaction ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Hydrophobic Property ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Composite Surface ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ft Ir

The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of partially oxidized rubber powder on cement hydration. The experiment first pulverized the rubber and then put it into a reactor with a low oxygen concentration for partial oxidation. The surface functional groups of the rubber particles before and after the reaction were observed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The area integral ratio of S-O to C-H3 in the FT-IR spectrum was used as the indicator of partial oxidation results. Finally, the rubber particle after the reaction was added to cement to prepare a cement paste, and its effect on the hydration reaction of the cement was observed by FT-IR, scanning electronic microscope (SEM), optical microscope (OM). SEM images also showed that such sample had very dense C-S-H structure. It confirmed that this composite had the hydrophobic property by observing the contact angle of water droplets on this composite surface.

scholarly journals Analytical Instrumentation Techniques of FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and EDX for Adsorption Methods of Ni2+ Ions onto Low Cost Adsorbent

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1324-1328
Author(s):  
Ajithkumar M ◽  
Arivoli S
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermal Action ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Nano Carbon ◽  
Percentage Removal ◽  
Treated Carbon

The present study investigates the possible removal of Ni2+ ions from aqueous solution by using low-cost Hygrophila auriculata activated nano carbon (HA-ANC) as an adsorbent. The activated nano carbon had been prepared from Hygrophila auriculata stem waste as well; the raw material was carbonized with con. H2SO4 and activated by thermal action. Batch experiments were performed in order to calculate the percentage removal of Ni2+ ions for 90.737% at 60 oC. The properties of treated carbon and untreated carbon are compared using instrumental techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, SEM and EDX, which confirms Ni2+ ions adsorption onto HA-ANC. FT-IR showed that the surface of HA-ANC had more oxygen containing functional groups which enhanced the adsorption of Ni2+. XRD showed the nature of adsorbent, SEM images implies morphological deviance of before and after adsorption of Ni2+ onto HA-ANC and EDX showed that the C content of HA-ANC were higher than that of Ni2+/ HA-ANC.

scholarly journals Mechanism of nitrogen-fluoride co-doped TiO2/bentonite composites removing tetracycline: A study in the co-doping ratio

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 200440-0
Author(s):  
Teng WANG ◽  
Zhaofu MENG ◽  
Xinxin WANG ◽  
Amjad ALI ◽  
Xuewen CAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Composite Surface ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Doped Tio2 ◽  
Co Doping ◽  
Before And After ◽  
N Doping ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Doping Ratio ◽  
Co Doped

N-doped and N-F co-doped TiO2/bentonite composites were synthesized via the gel-sol method. The morphology, structure and surface charge of the composite before and after adsorption were used to determine the effect N/F doping ratio on TC removal. The results showed that, compared with undoped samples, the TC adsorption on N doped composites was reduced by 24.44% on average. N-F co-doping significantly increased the TC adsorption when the Ti-N-F molar ratio was 1:1: 0.01, reaching a maximum TC adsorption of 64.00 mmol·kg<sup>-1</sup>. The coverage of the N doped TiO2 increases as the N doping ratio increases; the specific surface area increased by 2.03 % on average, but the number of surface negative charges decreased by 36.24 % on average. FT-IR results confirmed that N doping reduced the number of -OH groups on the N-doped composites. Additionally, fluorination of N-F co-doped TiO2 and bentonite surfaces inhibits hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions between the TC and the composites. As the N doping ratio increased, the coverage of N-F co-doped TiO2 on the composite surface increased, resulting in the TC adsorption decrease with the increases N doping ratio.

scholarly journals Characterization of Polyethylene Carrying Bags Before and After Isothermal Oxidative Aging in an Oven

2001 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-548
Author(s):  
Malik Jehanzeb Khurram ◽  
Musa Kaleem Baloch ◽  
Leonardo C. Simon ◽  
Wajid Rehman ◽  
Cun-Yueguo Cun-Yueguo
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Oxidative Aging ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Index Value ◽  
The Impact

Utility of polymeric material is a major contribution to the production of waste, particularly in Pakistan. An easy escape to it is the damping in the land which is not commendable for an environmental point of view. On the other hand, the aging of polymer is analogous to its burial conditions under the soil in the absence of light. Therefore, in this research report, two different brands of polyethylene carrying bags were investigated. One sample was obtained from Pakistan abbreviated as sample `Y` while the other from Canada abbreviated as `E`. In order to accelerate the degradation process and to observe the impact of aging in a shorter span of time, these samples were heated at an elevated temperature (80�C) in an oven for the period of 20 days. The samples were characterized before and after aging with an interval of 2 days by applying different techniques like FT-IR, SEM, DSC, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Carbonyl peak at 1715 cm-1 was observed only in the case of sample `E` displaying carbonyl index value as 28.45 % after 20 days of aging. The SEM images before and after aging revealed that the degradation took place at preferential sites in case of sample `Y` and at numerous sites in case of sample `E`. The results of percent crystallinity obtained by DSC showed an increasing pattern with aging for both the samples and was high in case of sample `E.` The activation energy determined by using Flynn-Wall-Ozawa showed a decreasing pattern for both the samples with aging. It concluded that the thermal aging initiates the process of degradation which was then accelerated by heating in TGA oven. The order of reaction was slightly decreased after aging for both the samples and was found to be independent of the heating rate.

THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF PHOSPHATE INTERCALATED Mg/Al-LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (15n16) ◽  
pp. 3226-3229 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKIHIRO SHIMAMURA ◽  
MASASHI KURASHINA ◽  
EIJI KANEZAKI
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Double Hydroxide ◽  
Double Hydroxides

The thermal behavior of Mg and Al layered double hydroxide with interlayer hydrogen phosphate (abb. as Mg / Al - HPO 4- LDH ) is investigated below 1273 K by means of XRD, TG-DTA, SEM and FT-IR. The basal spacing of Mg / Al - HPO 4- LDH decreases with increasing heating temperature stepwise in two stages; from 1.07 nm at 293 K to 0.85 nm at 333 K in the first stage and to 0.73 nm between 373 K and 443 K in the second one. The LDH becomes amorphous above 443 K until Mg 3 ( PO 4)2, MgO and MgAl 2 O 4 (spinel) appear at 1273 K. SEM images of the LDH show plate-like crystallites both before and after heating at 473 K.

Characterization and Properties of Antheraea pernyi Silk Finished with Reactive Quaternary Ammonium Salt of Chitosan

2011 ◽  
Vol 175-176 ◽  
pp. 288-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Hua Lu ◽  
De Hong Cheng ◽  
Zhao Dan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salt ◽  
Silk Fiber ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Chitosan Derivative ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Antheraea Pernyi ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ft Ir

In order to obtain a water soluble and reactive chitosan derivative, quaternary ammonium salt groups and acrylamidomethyl groups were introduced to chitosan by two steps. The chitosan derivative, reactive quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan, was then applied to Antheraea pernyi (A. pernyi) silk by padding and curing method. FT-IR, XRD and SEM were used to characterize the structure of A. pernyi silk before and after treatment. The peak in FT-IR spectra at 1480 cm-1 and 1650 cm-1 revealed the crosslinking reactions of A. pernyi silk fibroin and reactive quaternized chitosan. The XRD results indicated the crystallinity of the treated silk fiber increase a little in comparison with the untreated ones. SEM images clearly showed the reactive quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan attached on the surface of the treated A. pernyi silk fiber, while the surface of the untreated sample was relatively smooth. The thermal stability of the treated silk fiber was enhanced compared to the untreated one by DSC analysis. It was also found that the antibacterial activity of the treated A. pernyi silk fabric against E. coli was more than 99%.

scholarly journals A novel method for extraction, quantification, and identification of microplastics in CreamType of cosmetic products

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soohyun Lee ◽  
Tai Gyu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Nile Red ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Cosmetic Ingredients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

AbstractThe objective of this study was to develop an accessible and accurate analysis method for microplastics that have been unintentionally added to cream cosmetic products. An experiment was performed on three cleansing creams in rich and viscous formulations. A spiked sample was prepared by adding polyethylene (PE) microspheres to the cleansing creams. After removing cosmetic ingredients from the creams using chemical digestion, damage to the PE microspheres was identified using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images were obtained before and after digestion and used to characterize the morphology of the PE microspheres. The highest digestion efficiency was obtained using a chemical digestion method consisting of heating and stirring a sample in a 10 wt% KOH solution at 55 °C and 300 rpm for 5 days and did not damage the PE microspheres. The Nile red (9-diethylamino-5H-benzo[α]phenoxazine-5-one) staining method was effective in identifying small microplastics (< 106 μm). The optimal staining conditions are 5 μg/ml Nile red in n-hexane for green wavelengths.

The Studies on Crystallization of Polypropylene (PP)/Nano-TiO2 Composites under Microwave Irradiation

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 1609-1614
Author(s):  
Chang Gui Liu ◽  
Yu Jiao Wu ◽  
Chun Ping Yang
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Crystallization Rate ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Nano Tio2 ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Crystallization Onset

The surface-features of PP/nano-TiO2masterbatch before and after microwave irradiation were investigated by FT-IR, and then PP/nano-TiO2composites were prepared through secondary melt extrusion. The mechanical properties and crystallization behaviors of PP/nano-TiO2 composites before and after microwave irradiation were studied by mechanical property tests, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polar optical microscope (POM). The results showed that impact strength, tensile strength and flexural modulus of PP/nano-TiO2 composites were remained, but elongation at break increased by 100% after microwave irradiation because their tensile fracture modes changed, and their crystallization onset temperature and crystallization temperature decreased respectively by 2.26°C and 2.23°C but crystallinity increased by 20%, while crystallization rate remained and the size of PP spherulites became bigger obviously.

The Development of Pemetrexed Diacid-Loaded Gelatin-Cloisite 30B (MMT) Nanocomposite for Improved Oral Efficacy Against Cancer: Characterization, In-Vitro and Ex-Vivo Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-256
Author(s):  
Kriti Soni ◽  
Ali Mujtaba ◽  
Md. Habban Akhter ◽  
Kanchan Kohli
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Cloisite 30B ◽  
Ft Ir

Aim: The intention of this investigation was to develop Pemetrexed Diacid (PTX)-loaded gelatine-cloisite 30B (MMT) nanocomposite for the potential oral delivery of PTX and the in vitro, and ex vivo assessment. Background: Gelatin/Cloisite 30 B (MMT) nanocomposites were prepared by blending gelatin with MMT in aqueous solution. Methods: PTX was incorporated into the nanocomposite preparation. The nanocomposites were investigated by Fourier Transmission Infra Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Confocal Laser Microscopy (CLSM). FT-IR of nanocomposite showed the disappearance of all major peaks which corroborated the formation of nanocomposites. The nanocomposites were found to have a particle size of 121.9 ± 1.85 nm and zeta potential -12.1 ± 0.63 mV. DSC thermogram of drug loaded nanocomposites indicated peak at 117.165 oC and 205.816 oC, which clearly revealed that the drug has been incorporated into the nanocomposite because of cross-linking of cloisite 30 B and gelatin in the presence of glutaraldehyde. Results: SEM images of gelatin show a network like structure which disappears in the nanocomposite. The kinetics of the drug release was studied in order to ascertain the type of release mechanism. The drug release from nanocomposites was in a controlled manner, followed by first-order kinetics and the drug release mechanism was found to be of Fickian type. Conclusion: Ex vivo gut permeation studies revealed 4 times enhancement in the permeation of drug present in the nanocomposite as compared to plain drug solution and were further affirmed by CLSM. Thus, gelatin/(MMT) nanocomposite could be promising for the oral delivery of PTX in cancer therapy and future prospects for the industrial pharmacy.

Synthesis, Characterization and Application of N,N-Dimethyl-N-Sulfoethan Ammonium tetra-Chloro Aluminate: A Novel micro-Heterogeneous Cata-lyst for Synthesis of tri-Arylmethanes

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeid Azimi ◽  
Niloofar Mohamadighader
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Acidic Catalyst ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Ft Ir

Abstract: A new solid catalyst was synthesized from an ionic liquid and heterogenised by changing anion reaction. The new heterogeneous acidic catalyst was characterized by SEM images, EDS analysis, AFM images, Ft-IR, HNMR, 13CNMR and Mass Spectroscopy. It was applied to synthesis of tri-arylmethanes throughout one-pot tri-component reactions among aromatic aldehydes, N,N-dimethylaniline and other carbonic nucleophiles such as anisole and indole. Hence, synthesis of convenient and inexpensive micro-heterogeneous catalyst was introduced, the efficiency of which was confirmed. Also, various useful products were synthesized throughout this simple and clean procedure.

Enhanced Anticancer Activity and Apoptosis Effect of Bioactive Compound Quercetin Extracted from Ocimum sanctum Leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amutha Santhanam ◽  
Naveen Kumar Chandrasekharan ◽  
Rajangam Ilangovan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Nickel Nanoparticles ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Cell Cycle Analysis ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Ft Ir

Background: The occurrence of Cancer results in cellular changes that causes the uncontrolled growth and division of cells. Apoptosis removes cells during development and eliminates the potentially cancerous cells. The bioactive compounds present in the herbal plant shows cytotoxic activity that result in apoptosis. The traditional herbal plants are used world-wide both in allopathy and other traditional ways. Objective: The main objective of this study is to extract the bioactive compound Quercetin from the medicinally significant plant Ocimum sanctum and also to develop nanomedicine as Qu-PEG-NiGs. Materials and Methods: Leaf extract of the medicinally significant plant Ocimum sanctum (O. sanctum) has been used for the synthesis of nickel nanoparticles (NiGs) and extraction of quercetin (Qu). The ethanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum is added to 1 mM Nickel Nitrate (Ni(NO3)2) and stirred for 3 hrs at RT and dried at 60°C for 3hrs and calcinated at 400°C for 2hrs and characterized using Uv-Vis Spectrophotometer, FT-IR, SEM, DLS and Zeta potential. The Quercetin is isolated from Ocimum sanctum leaf extract using the reflux condenser method. The bio-polymer is being PEG-coated over NiGs and Quercetin is loaded into it. The apoptosis activity using MCF-7 cells is performed with Qu-PEG-NiGs. The purity of Quercetin is characterized using HPLC. In order to analyse apoptosis efficiency, MTT assay, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Cell cycle analysis has been performed. Results: The NiGs absorption spectrum gives a peak at 408nm. The FT-IR confirms the presence of particular functional groups shifting from the compound NiGs and then coated with PEG-Qu-NiGs. The SEM images show the size of NiGs ranging from 27.3 nm to 40.4 nm with varied morphology such as hexagonal and other irregular shapes. The presence of Quercetin extracted from the leaf powder is approximately 1.5 mg/g. The ROS results show the Qu-PEG-NiGs induced efficiency of the apoptosis, while the increased concentrations promote ROS and lead to activation of the apoptosis. The cell cycle analysis has shown the cytotoxic effect. Conclusion: PEG-coated nickel nanoparticles can be used as a promising chemotherapeutic agent against MCF7 breast cancer cells. It is the evidence to further studies for evaluating Qu-PEG-NiGs anticancer activity on different types of cancer cells.

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