TECHNICAL NOTES: ANGLES OF REPOSE OF GROUND MARIGOLD PETALS AS A FUNCTION OF PARTICLE SIZE, MOISTURE CONTENT, AND FLOW ENHANCER

Experiment to identify ambient grinding conditions and energy consumed was conducted for fenugreek. Fenugreek seeds at three moisture content (5.1%, 11.5% and 17.3%, d.b.) were ground using a micro pulverizer hammer mill with different grinding screen openings (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm) and feed rate (8, 16 and 24 kg h-1) at 3000 rpm. Physical properties of fenugreek seeds were also determined. Specific energy consumptions were found to decrease from 204.67 to 23.09 kJ kg-1 for increasing levels of feed rate and grinder screen openings. On the other hand specific energy consumption increased with increasing moisture content. The highest specific energy consumption was recorded for 17.3% moisture content and 8 kg h-1 feed rate with 0.5 mm screen opening. Average particle size decreased from 1.06 to 0.39 mm with increase of moisture content and grinder screen opening. It has been observed that the average particle size was minimum at 0.5 mm screen opening and 8 kg h-1 feed rate at lower moisture content. Bond’s work index and Kick’s constant were found to increase from 8.97 to 950.92 kWh kg-1 and 0.932 to 78.851 kWh kg-1 with the increase of moisture content, feed rate and grinder screen opening, respectively. Size reduction ratio and grinding effectiveness of fenugreek seed were found to decrease from 4.11 to 1.61 and 0.0118 to 0.0018 with the increase of moisture content, feed rate and grinder screen opening, respectively. The loose and compact bulk densities varied from 219.2 to 719.4 kg m-3 and 137.3 to 736.2 kg m-3, respectively.

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Wheat Grinding Process with Low Moisture Content: A New Approach for Wholemeal Flour Production

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9010032 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 32

Author(s):

Waleed H. Hassoon ◽

Dariusz Dziki ◽

Antoni Miś ◽

Beata Biernacka

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Average Particle ◽

Grinding Process ◽

Mixing Properties ◽

New Approach ◽

Grain Moisture ◽

Flour Production ◽

And Storage

The objective of this study was to determine the grinding characteristics of wheat with a low moisture content. Two kinds of wheat—soft spelt wheat and hard Khorasan wheat—were dried at 45 °C to reduce the moisture content from 12% to 5% (wet basis). Air drying at 45 °C and storage in a climatic chamber (45 °C, 10% relative humidity) were the methods used for grain dehydration. The grinding process was carried out using a knife mill. After grinding, the particle size distribution, average particle size and grinding energy indices were determined. In addition, the dough mixing properties of wholemeal flour dough were studied using a farinograph. It was observed that decreasing the moisture content in wheat grains from 12% to 5% made the grinding process more effective. As a result, the average particle size of the ground material was decreased. This effect was found in both soft and hard wheat. Importantly, lowering the grain moisture led to about a twofold decrease in the required grinding energy. Moreover, the flour obtained from the dried grains showed higher water absorption and higher dough stability during mixing. However, the method of grain dehydration had little or no effect on the results of the grinding process or dough properties.

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Functional Properties and Molecular Degradation of Schizostachyum Brachycladum Bamboo Cellulose Nanofibre in PLA-Chitosan Bionanocomposites

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26072008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (7) ◽

pp. 2008

Author(s):

Samsul Rizal ◽

N. I. Saharudin ◽

N. G. Olaiya ◽

H. P. S. Abdul Khalil ◽

M. K. Mohamad Haafiz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Particle Size ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Particle Size Analysis ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Compression Moulding ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Degradation Properties

The degradation and mechanical properties of potential polymeric materials used for green manufacturing are significant determinants. In this study, cellulose nanofibre was prepared from Schizostachyum brachycladum bamboo and used as reinforcement in the PLA/chitosan matrix using melt extrusion and compression moulding method. The cellulose nanofibre(CNF) was isolated using supercritical carbon dioxide and high-pressure homogenisation. The isolated CNF was characterised with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), FT-IR, zeta potential and particle size analysis. The mechanical, physical, and degradation properties of the resulting biocomposite were studied with moisture content, density, thickness swelling, tensile, flexural, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry, and biodegradability analysis. The TEM, FT-IR, and particle size results showed successful isolation of cellulose nanofibre using this method. The result showed that the physical, mechanical, and degradation properties of PLA/chitosan/CNF biocomposite were significantly enhanced with cellulose nanofibre. The density, thickness swelling, and moisture content increased with the addition of CNF. Also, tensile strength and modulus; flexural strength and modulus increased; while the elongation reduced. The carbon residue from the thermal degradation and the glass transition temperature of the PLA/chitosan/CNF biocomposite was observed to increase with the addition of CNF. The result showed that the biocomposite has potential for green and sustainable industrial application.

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Lovastatin Production byAspergillus terreusUsing Agro-Biomass as Substrate in Solid State Fermentation

Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.1155/2012/196264 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Mohammad Faseleh Jahromi ◽

Juan Boo Liang ◽

Yin Wan Ho ◽

Rosfarizan Mohamad ◽

Yong Meng Goh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Solid State ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Nitrogen Source ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Incubation Temperature ◽

Initial Moisture Content ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

Maximum Production ◽

Additional Nitrogen

Ability of two strains ofAspergillus terreus(ATCC 74135 and ATCC 20542) for production of lovastatin in solid state fermentation (SSF) using rice straw (RS) and oil palm frond (OPF) was investigated. Results showed that RS is a better substrate for production of lovastatin in SSF. Maximum production of lovastatin has been obtained usingA. terreusATCC 74135 and RS as substrate without additional nitrogen source (157.07 mg/kg dry matter (DM)). Although additional nitrogen source has no benefit effect on enhancing the lovastatin production using RS substrate, it improved the lovastatin production using OPF with maximum production of 70.17 and 63.76 mg/kg DM forA. terreusATCC 20542 andA. terreusATCC 74135, respectively (soybean meal as nitrogen source). Incubation temperature, moisture content, and particle size had shown significant effect on lovastatin production (P<0.01) and inoculums size and pH had no significant effect on lovastatin production (P>0.05). Results also have shown that pH 6, 25°C incubation temperature, 1.4 to 2 mm particle size, 50% initial moisture content, and 8 days fermentation time are the best conditions for lovastatin production in SSF. Maximum production of lovastatin using optimized condition was 175.85 and 260.85 mg/kg DM forA. terreusATCC 20542 and ATCC 74135, respectively, using RS as substrate.

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Theoretical estimation of silo design parameters for fractionated loblolly pine grinds – Moisture content and particle size effects

Industrial Crops and Products ◽

10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.07.005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 123 ◽

pp. 379-385 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Oluwatosin Oginni ◽

Oladiran Fasina

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Size Effects ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Theoretical Estimation ◽

Particle Size Effects

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OPTIMISASI PRODUKSI ENZIM LAKASE PADA FERMENTASI KULTUR PADAT MENGGUNAKAN JAMUR PELAPUK PUTIH Marasmius sp. : PENGARUH UKURAN PARTIKEL, KELEMBAPAN, DAN KONSENTRASI Cu

JURNAL SELULOSA ◽

10.25269/jsel.v3i02.45 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (02) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cornelius Damar Hanung ◽

Ronald Osmond ◽

Hendro Risdianto ◽

Sri Harjati Suhardi ◽

Tjandra Setiadi

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Solid State ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

White Rot Fungi ◽

Batch Process ◽

Solid Substrate ◽

White Rot

White rot fungi of Marasmius sp. is a fungus which produce laccase in high activity. Laccase is one of the ligninolityc enzymes that capable to degrade lignin. This ability can be used for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials in the bioethanol production. Laccase was produced in flask by batch process using Solid State Fermentation (SSF). The optimisation was conducted by statistically of full factorial design. The particle size, moisture content, and Cu concentration were investigated in this study. Rice straw was used as solid substrate and the glycerol was used as the carbon sources in modified Kirk medium. The results showed that particle size of rice straw did not affect significantly to the enzyme activity. The highest laccase activity of 4.45 IU/g dry weight was obtained at the moisture content of 61% and Cu concentration of 0.1 mM.Keywords: laccase, Marasmius sp., optimisation, rice straw, solid state fermentation ABSTRAKJamur pelapuk putih, Marasmius sp. merupakan jamur yang menghasilkan enzim lakase dengan aktivitas tinggi. Lakase merupakan enzim ligninolitik yang dapat mendegradasi lignin. Kemampuan ini dapat digunakan untuk proses pengolahan awal bahan lignoselulosa pada pembuatan bioetanol. Produksi lakase dilakukan dalam labu dengan modus batch menggunakan fermentasi kultur padat. Optimisasi produksi enzim lakase dengan metode fermentasi padat dilakukan dengan rancangan percobaan faktorial penuh. Pengaruh ukuran partikel, kelembapan, dan konsentrasi Cu diuji dengan medium penyangga jerami dengan menambahkan gliserol dalam medium Kirk termodifikasi sebagai sumber karbon. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ukuran jerami tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap aktivitas enzim. Aktivitas enzim lakase maksimum terjadi pada saat kelembapan 61% dan konsentrasi Cu 0,1 mM dengan aktivitas enzim lakase/berat kering tertinggi mencapai 4,45 IU/g.Kata kunci: lakase, Marasmius sp., optimisasi, jerami, fermentasi kultur padat

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Investigation of Avalanche Time and Carr’s Index of Poultry Litter Powder as Flowability Indices

Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova ◽

10.2478/v10298-012-0061-2 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 15-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I. Valaei ◽

S.R. Hassan-Beygi ◽

M.H. Kianmehr ◽

J. Massah

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Rotational Speed ◽

Flow Behavior ◽

Poultry Litter ◽

Primary Source ◽

Critical Factor ◽

Bulk Solid ◽

Tap Density ◽

Powder Avalanche

Abstract The world’s dependence on chemical fertilizer as the primary source for enriching agricultural fields is continually increasing that cause nature pollution. This has led researchers to aggressively investigate renewable fertilizer resources, biomass, to produce organic crops and reduced wastage. Poultry litter is a bulk solid and biomass feed stocks. Flow behavior of bulk solid is a critical factor in designing and developing suitable equipments (e.g. pelletizing machine). The bulk density, tap density, Carr’s index and powder avalanche time technique were applied to evaluate the flow properties of poultry litter. The experiments were carried out at moisture content (10, 20 and 30% w.b.), particle size (0.3, 0.6 and 1.18 mm) for the bulk and tap densities as well as Carr’s index. In addition to the moisture content (10, 20 and 30 %w.b.) and particle size (0.3, 0.6 and 1.18 mm) the rotational speed of drum (0.5, 1 and1.5 rpm) were also investigated for the avalanche time. The results showed that with increasing moisture content Carr’s index increased significantly (P<0.01) in the ranges of 16.2% to 18.5% and with increasing particle size the Carr’s index decreased from 20.35% to 14.78%. The litter powder avalanche time (AT) increased significantly (P<0.01) with increasing moisture content and decreasing rotational speed and particle size. The bulk and tap densities of the litter powder was decreased with increasing moisture content and increasing the particle size. The bulk and tap densities of the driest and finest poultry litter sample were higher than other ones.

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Effects of compressive force, particle size and moisture content on mechanical properties of biomass pellets from grasses

Biomass and Bioenergy ◽

10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.01.004 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 30 (7) ◽

pp. 648-654 ◽

Cited By ~ 340

Author(s):

Sudhagar Mani ◽

Lope G. Tabil ◽

Shahab Sokhansanj

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Particle Size ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Compressive Force

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Investigation of the Properties of Large and Small Fractions of Municipal Solid Waste

Ecology and Industry of Russia ◽

10.18412/1816-0395-2021-6-26-31 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 26-31

Author(s):

S.V. Polygalov ◽

G.V. Il’inykh ◽

N. Stanisavlevich

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Thermal Properties ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Fractional Composition ◽

Ash Content ◽

Heat Of Combustion ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Biological Potential ◽

Solid Municipal Waste ◽

Biogenic Components

The results of field and laboratory studies of the component and fractional composition of solid municipal waste (MSW), humidity and ash content of MSW components, which made it possible to evaluate the properties of individual fractions and waste in general, are presented. The fractional composition of MSW was determined by the method of separating waste into five fractions of different sizes: more than 250 mm, 100-250 mm, 50–100 mm, 15–50 mm and less than 15 mm. An assessment of the energy and biological potentials of MSW of various sizes has been carried out. In each fraction, the main biogenic components have been identified, which form the biological potential. The calculation of thermal properties (moisture content, ash, combustible substances, as well as the heat of combustion) for the fractions under consideration has been performed. The dependence of the heat of combustion of MSW on the particle size has been established.

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