13. Regional Autonomy and Its Discontents: The Case of Post-New Order Bali

Keyword(s):  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-58
Author(s):  
Desi Sommaliagustina

Abstrak Otonomi daerah adalah suatu bentuk demokrasi yang diberikan oleh Pemerintah Pusat kepada Pemerintah Daerah untuk mengelola rumah tangga mereka sendiri dengan berpegang pada hukum dan peraturan yang berlaku. Implementasi otonomi daerah merupakan titik fokus penting dalam rangka meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat. Pengembangan suatu daerah dapat disesuaikan oleh pemerintah daerah dengan potensi dan kekhasan masing-masing daerah. Ini adalah kesempatan yang sangat baik bagi pemerintah daerah untuk membuktikan kemampuannya menjalankan wewenang yang merupakan hak daerah. Otonomi daerah adalah salah satu agenda utama reformasi yang bertujuan mengurangi kesenjangan ekonomi-politik antara pemerintah pusat dan daerah. Era reformasi menjadi titik awal pergeseran paradigma terpusat yang diadopsi oleh Orde Baru ke era desentralisasi. Desentralisasi dalam konteks Indonesia diyakini sebagai cara untuk membangun pemerintahan yang efektif, mengembangkan pemerintahan yang demokratis, menghormati keanekaragaman lokal, menghormati dan mengembangkan potensi masyarakat lokal, dan mempertahankan integrasi nasional. Masyarakat menaruh harapan yang besar pada otonomi daerah untuk membawa perubahan dalam sistem negara. Sayangnya desentralisasi telah menyebabkan banyak korupsi di wilayah ini. Inilah yang terjadi pada 2018 lalu. Tahun 2018 tampaknya menjadi tahun yang gelap bagi upaya pencegahan dan pemberantasan korupsi, terutama di daerah. Pada 2018 Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK) telah menjerat puluhan kepala daerah dalam sejumlah kasus dugaan korupsi mulai dari gubernur, bupati, walikota, hingga pejabat daerah. Hingga akhir 2018, KPK masih menjerat kepala daerah yang tersandung kasus korupsi yaitu Bupati Jepara Ahmad Marzuqi dan Bupati Cianjur Irvan Rivano Muchtar sebagai tersangka. Daftar panjang kepala daerah yang dijerat oleh KPK selama 2018 menunjukkan bahwa penanganan kejahatan korupsi di Indonesia masih membutuhkan perhatian serius dari banyak pihak. Demikian juga, Indeks Pencapaian Korupsi Indonesia masih jauh dari ideal, yaitu 3,7, seperti yang dikatakan oleh juru bicara KPK Febri Diansyah. Ini menunjukkan bahwa korupsi yang dilakukan oleh sejumlah kepala daerah merupakan salah satu bentuk kegagalan otonomi daerah. Dengan kata lain ada banyak pekerjaan rumah yang harus dilakukan terkait dengan implementasi otonomi daerah. Karena kasus-kasus yang ditangani oleh Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi menunjukkan bahwa korupsi masih terjadi dan merupakan gejala di banyak lembaga. Kata Kunci: Otonomi Daerah, Korupsi, Kepala Daerah         Abstract Regional autonomy is a form of democracy given by the Central Government to the Regional Government to manage their own household by sticking to the applicable laws and regulations. The implementation of regional autonomy is an important focal point in order to improve people's welfare. The development of an area can be adjusted by the regional government with the potential and distinctiveness of each region. This is a very good opportunity for the local government to prove its ability to exercise the authority that is the right of the region. Regional autonomy is one of the main agendas of reform aimed at reducing the economic-political gap between the central and regional governments. The era of reform became the starting point of shifting the centralized paradigm adopted by the New Order to the era of decentralization. Decentralization in the Indonesian context is believed to be a way to build effective governance, develop democratic governance, respect local diversity, respect and develop the potential of local communities, and maintain national integration. The community places considerable expectations on regional autonomy in order to bring about changes in the state system. Unfortunately decentralization has caused a lot of corruption in the region. This is what happened in 2018 ago. The year 2018 seems to be a dark year for efforts to prevent and eradicate corruption, especially in the regions. In 2018 the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) has ensnared dozens of regional heads in a number of cases of alleged corruption ranging from governors, regents, mayors, to regional officials. Until the end of 2018, the KPK still ensnared the regional heads who tripped over corruption cases namely Jepara Regent Ahmad Marzuqi and Cianjur Regent Irvan Rivano Muchtar as suspects. The long list of regional heads snared by the KPK during 2018 shows that the handling of corruption crimes in Indonesia still needs serious attention from many parties. Likewise, the Indonesian Corruption Achievement Index is still far from ideal, namely 3.7, as said by KPK spokesman Febri Diansyah. This indicates that corruption committed by a number of regional heads is one form of failure in regional autonomy. In other words there is a lot of homework that must be done related to the implementation of regional autonomy. Because the cases handled by the Corruption Eradication Commission indicate that corruption still occurs and is a symptom in many institutions. Keywords: Regional Autonomy, Corruption, Regional Head


Author(s):  
Barbara Hatley

Theatre contributed actively to the Reformasi movement of 1998 in Indonesia, as shows were staged that united students, NGO workers, artists and others in shared criticism of the Suharto regime and aspirations for change. Modern Indonesianlanguage theatre has a long history of political involvement. Developed among students in the Dutch colonial school system, its aim was helping create the Indonesian nation. This led to friction with other political groups and with state authorities. During the New Order regime, performances conveyed criticism that could not be expressed through other channels. In the post-Suharto era, however, when political criticism can be freely expressed and there is no united opposition movement to work with, theatre necessarily connects in a different way to its social context. In Central Java, where the writers research has been based, contemporary theatrical performances are characterised by a shared focus on local identity and community. Local culture is sometimes interpreted as the indigenous cultural forms of an area, but more often as the mixed local-global culture that residents practise today. The term community is used to refer to immediate neighbours and to people with shared interests and experiences, who both watch and actively perform in plays. Such developments in theatre are clearly shaped by the heightened awareness of local identity fostered by regional autonomy and by the ideology of participatory democracy. But how do theatrical activities connect to other social forces and with the structures of the regional autonomy system? Is there any sense of future direction in the current vibrant celebration of local identity? In what ways does theatre in other regions reflect local social conditions? These important questions remain to be explored.


2017 ◽  
pp. 71-94
Author(s):  
Merphin Panjaitan

AbstractThe people’s goal to established the a state is to get better life, justice, secure and welfare.But in the New Order, injustice was almost happened in all fields of lives, which was thenfall into an economic crisis leaving broad poverty, unemployment, backward education andcorruption. Those New Order’s diseases are still continue up till now, although reformationhas been continued for more than 10 years. In reality the state’s power is not always used toserve its people. Thus, people has to tightened its control toward state, since when onceloose its control, state’s power will be misused only for the interest of the ruler and at thesame time forget the people who actually is the owner of the state. The state is owned bypeople for the common good and that kind of state is named democratic state that its processof execution must be under people’s control. For that purpose it needed a kind of politicalinteraction between state-society which is peaceful, secure, fairness and having trust to eachother. That interaction needs appropriate condition, among other things are limited statepower, power division based on check and balance principle, general election, effectivepolitical participation, regional autonomy and reformation of the behavior of society andstate.Keywords: State power, People’s control, Democratic state,Behavior reform of state and society


Populasi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Syahbudin Latief

Village democratization has emerged in Indonesia in line with the implementation of regional autonomy policy. In fact, village democratization facing some constraints. One of the serious problems is the blank of political education or civic education as an impact of floating mass policy in rural area, during the New Order era. Besides that, the state apparatus seem not too serious to encourage village democratization, from the beginning the policy has been declared. The socialization process in rural area is very weak. At the implementation stages, formulation of the regional regulation are very rigid. It seems that the state apparatus feel more comprehend about the custom and interest of village people, than the villagers themselves. In this case, the state apparatus seems too arrogant. Basically, the prospect of village democratization is in the village people hand. The support and encouragement from the pro-democratic society, id est intellectuals, academicians, researchers, journalists, NGOs activist, mass organizations, executive and legislative can however, accelerate the practice of village democratization. 


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mursyidin Mursyidin

Decentralization has become one of the important phenomena that must be mentioned in the era of the last 10 years, where the great power of the central government in the past (precisely in the New Order era) has now been replaced with the introduction of regional autonomy, although this work is still being carried out, revised here and there , while we also see the phenomenon of more regional leaders (mayors, regents, or governors) who are suspected of corruption cases in various regions. Inevitably corruption becomes something decentralized too. In this situation, where is the position of the local press? Did he participate in guarding the existing democratization process, or did he also become part of the existing problem? Exactly whether we are talking about the role of the local press as a solution to the problem of corruption, or whether the local press is actually part of the problem of corruption. Keywords: Decentralitation, Media, Local Politic


2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-110
Author(s):  
Muhadam Labolo

The phenomenon of corruption now enters a nearly immeasurable area. Horizontally corruption spreads in almost all branches of power, both legislative, executive and judiciary. On a vertical line of corruption perched in every government hirakhi, from the center of power to the lowest level. In the case of Indonesia, since reformation has peaked (1998), corruption is like getting a decent place to breed. In the new order period until its downfall, executive dominance made corrupt behavior as stored neatly in documents only known by the regime in power. In curative action, there is no effective way to control corruption loopholes in the local government environment, except to impose strict sanctions, both administrative and legal for companies / entrepreneurs, government officials and communities who commit fraud in the use of APBD, procurement of goods and services, Business licensing and election services. Those who are administratively and legally proven should be immediately reduced, eliminated, substituted, disqualified and executed to produce deterrent effects for the community. Such action can be carried out directly for matters concerning the use of facilities and the budget of the agencies for the interests of the election, the implementation of the standard budget of the regional head election, close the space for the incumbent who want to re-nominate head of region if proven to conduct corruption.Keywords: Corruption, Local Government, Reform, Regional Autonomy


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-122
Author(s):  
Arthur Aritonang

 This article examines deviations from the original purpose of the regional autonomy system in the Reformation era. Since the beginning, the local autonomy system was a response to a centralized government system during the New Order regime. The implementation of regional autonomy so that each region can regulate, develop, and advance its region. However, the spirit of regional autonomy has been distorted due to public policies' existence through a set of rules that impose religious law, which ultimately limits the development of other religions. In reality, regional / regency regulations with religious nuances clash with the Republic of Indonesia's existing constitution. This study uses the literature method approach, which focuses on the topic of regional autonomy as well as conducting interviews with national figures Andreas A. Yewangoe because his thoughts will be raised in responding to deviations from the original purpose of the formation of regional autonomy policies in Indonesia. In conclusion, Yewangoe gave a theological response so that matters of religious law were aimed at his religious group, not being forced to be applied in a heterogeneous public space to create democracy in Indonesia following the principles of humanity and justice for Indonesian people. 


Author(s):  
Redactie KITLV

Birgit Bräuchler (ed.), Reconciling Indonesia; Grassroots agency for peace. (Renata M. Lesner-Szwarc) Elizabeth Fuller Collins, Indonesia betrayed; How development fails. (Ahmad Helmy Fuady) Grant Evans, The last century of Lao royalty; A documentary history. (Guido Sprenger) Tineke Hellwig and Eric Tagliacozzo (eds), The Indonesia reader; History, culture, politics. (Edwin Wieringa) Raymond Corbey, Snellen om namen; De Marind-Anim van Nieuw-Guinea door de ogen van de Missionarissen van het Heilig Hart, 1905-1925. (Anna-Karina Hermkens) Patrick Guinness, Kampung, Islam and state in urban Java. (Robert W. Hefner) R.E. Jordaan and B.E. Colless, The Māharājas of the isles; The Śailendras and the problem of Śrivijaya. (Hans Hägerdal) Henk Schulte Nordholt, Bali: an open fortress, 1995-2005; Regional autonomy, electoral democracy and entrenched identities. (Sita van Bemmelen) Sukardi Rinakit, The Indonesian military after the New Order. (Alexander Claver) Roxana Waterson, Paths and rivers; Sa’dan Toraja society in transformation. (Maria J.C. Schouten)


2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Smith

This article argues that, in contrast with prevalent choice-theoretic accounts of institutional origins in new democracies, the passage of Indonesia's regional autonomy laws in 1999 took place despite the interests of powerful political actors rather than because of them. Lacking the past experience to calculate retrospectively the likely electoral payoff from supporting an effort to devolve political power to Indonesia's city and regency governments, New Order–era political elites in Jakarta gambled on the advice of a team of experts. The experts assured them that supporting the effort would give them strong and salient reformist credentials on the eve of free elections. The conclusion of the article suggests that the political origins of regional autonomy in Indonesia have broad implications for the understanding of institutional genesis in new democracies, and that the potential impact of expert advisers is a fruitful focus of future research.


2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-56
Author(s):  
Yunus Yunus

AbstractAfter the reform movement of 1998, a paradigm shift that developed in theimplementation of government in Indonesia. The demands of publicadministration services are better than ever, become a necessity that would haveto be met by government agencies public service providers. The suit appearsalong with the development of the reform era and regional autonomy and sincethe fall of the New Order regime. One form of governance (good governance) isthe presence of the image of a democratic government. Good governanceparadigm emphasizes the importance of the parallel relationship between theinstitutions of the state, the market and society. Making professional personnel inorder to demonstrate the capacity, as well as the identity of the hidden potentialthat exists in each apparatus be food for thought that is important in thedevelopment of human resources, especially in local government at this time.Keywords : good governance, e-government, PersonnelAbstrakSetelah terjadinya gerakan reformasi tahun 1998, terjadi pergeseran paradigmayang berkembang dalam pelaksanaan pemerintahan di Indonesia. Adanya tuntutanpelayanan administrasi publik yang lebih baik dari sebelumnya, menjadi suatukebutuhan yang mau tidak mau harus dipenuhi oleh instansi pemerintahpenyelenggara pelayanan publik. Tuntutan tersebut muncul seiring denganberkembangnya era reformasi dan otonomi daerah dan sejak tumbangnyakekuasaan rezim orde baru. Salah satu wujud tata pemerintahan yang baik (goodgovernance) adalah terdapatnya citra pemerintahan yang demokratis. Paradigmatata kepemerintahan yang baik menekankan arti penting kesejajaran hubunganantara institusi negara, pasar dan masyarakat. Menjadikan aparatur yangprofesional dalam rangka menunjukkan kapasitas, identitas serta potensitersembunyi yang ada dalam setiap aparatur menjadi bahan pemikiran yangpenting dalam pengembangan sumber daya manusia khususnya di pemerintahdaerah pada saat ini.Kata Kunci: Tata Kelola Pemerintahan, E-Government, Aparatur


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