scholarly journals Use of a filamentous green alga (Chaetomorpha sp.) and microsnail (Stenothyra sp.) as feed at an early stage of intensive aquaculture promotes growth performance, artificial feed efficiency, and profitability of giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244607
Author(s):  
Isao Tsutsui ◽  
Dusit Aue-umneoy ◽  
Piyarat Pinphoo ◽  
Worachet Thuamsuwan ◽  
Kittipong Janeauksorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Alga ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Filamentous Green Alga ◽  
Tiger Prawn ◽  
Intensive Aquaculture

With the worldwide demand for tropical penaeid prawn increasing in recent decades, more research on shrimp culture methods is needed to enhance efficiency and profitability for shrimp farmers. The objective of this study was to develop a technique to boost the productivity, feed efficiency, and profitability of the giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon). To accomplish this, a novel culture setup was established in which two benthic organisms, a filamentous green alga (Chaetomorpha sp.) and a microsnail (Stenothyra sp.), were propagated together with P. monodon post-larvae during an early culture stage and then offered to shrimp as supplementary live feeds in intensive aquaculture ponds. For the experiment, shrimp post-larvae (density: approximately 33 individuals m-2) were cultured in outdoor concrete ponds (9 × 9 × 1.2 m) under either control (fed only artificial feed, n = 3) or experimental (fed artificial feed and benthic organisms, n = 3) conditions until they reached marketable size (15 weeks). Apparent green algae consumption was 6.81 kg (8.4% green alga to total feed consumption), whereas microsnail consumption was 1.96 kg (2.4% microsnail to total feed consumption). Compared with the control group of giant tiger prawn, the experimental group showed significantly higher productivity (total number of shrimp produced: 118%; total shrimp production: 133%), feed efficiency (feed conversion ratio of artificial shrimp feed: 89%), and profitability (shrimp sales: 139%; balance between shrimp sales and costs: 146%), while labor and financial costs were kept minimal. These results can be explained by the enhanced growth of shrimp at the early stages of culture. The techniques developed in this study will help to advance the efficiency of intensive aquaculture operations for giant tiger prawn and also improve profitability for shrimp farmers.

scholarly journals Physiological effects of Pekilo single cell protein on pigs

1980 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
Ritva Järvinen ◽  
Raija Savonen ◽  
Antti Ahlström ◽  
Timo Alaviuhkola
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Experimental Diet

The physiological effects of Pekilo microfungus biomass (Paecilomyces varioti) grown in sulphite spent liquor solution was studied in pigs. Sixteen Finnish landrace gilts weighing about 22 kg were divided into two groups of eight animals each. The animals were fed a barley- and oat-based diet supplemented with vitamins and minerals. The soybean and fish meal mixture used as a protein supplement for the control group was replaced with Pekilo at a level of 13 % of the feed weight in the experimental diet used up till farrowing. The experimental diet used during lactation contained 15 % of Pekilo. The feed consumption and weight gain of the animals were recorded. The experiment lasted almost one year and included the growth, gestation and lactation periods of the sows. The weight gain of the piglets was observed. After weaning of the litter the sows were analysed for blood haemoglobin, haematocrit and white blood cell count, plasma glucose, serum bilirubin, ASAT, ALAT, urea, uric acid, allantoin, total protein and albumin/globulin ratio. The allantoin, uric acid and creatinine contents of a single urine sample were determined quantitatively, and the pH, glucose and protein contents semiquantitatively. The urine density was measured. There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency and reproductive performance. Serum urea and plasma glucose levels were significantly lower in the Pekilo-fed group than in the control group but were within the normal limits for swine. The serum allantoin level and the urine allantoin/creatinine ratio of the Pekilo group were significantly above the control group values. No differences were found between the two groups in the other blood and urine analyses. The use of Pekilo biomass as protein supplement in the diet of breeding sows was found to have no detrimental effects as assessed on the basis of weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, reproductive performance and certain blood and urine parameters.

scholarly journals MONITORING PARASIT PADA BUDIDAYA IKAN DAN UDANG DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Triyanto Triyanto ◽  
Alim Isnansetyo
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Freshwater Prawn ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Giant Freshwater Prawn ◽  
Tiger Prawn

Parasites often cause the great loss in aquaculture either in fish or shrimp aquacultures. The loss will become more serious when fish or shrimp are secondary infected especially by bacteria. The objective of this study was to identify parasites in fish and shrimp culture inYogyakartaSpecialProvince (DIY). Samples of fish and shrimp were collected from several aquaculture centers in this region including several fish and shrimp hatcheries. Observation of parasites was conducted microscopically and macroscopically.Results showed that giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) cultured in DIY was often infected by Zoothamnium sp. and Gregarines sp.. In addition, giant freshwater prawn (Machrobrachium rosenbergii) was often infected by Apiosoma sp., Dactylogyrus sp., Epystilis sp., Glossatella piscicola, Gregarines sp. and Zoothamnium sp.. Moreover Apiosoma sp.,  Dactylogyrus sp., Gyrodactylus sp., Ichthyopthirius sp., and Trichodina sp. were found in nile (Oreochromis niloticus) culture. Similar parasites such as Apiosoma sp., Dactylogyrus sp., Henneguya sp. Ichtyoptirius sp. and Trichodina sp..were found in Osphronemus gaurami. Ichtyoptirius sp. and Trichodina sp. also were found in walking catfish (Clarias gariephinus). 

scholarly journals Influence of oregano added to diets on performance, selected organs as well as morphometric traits and pH of digestive tract of broiler chickens

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 781-785
Author(s):  
Stanisław Laskowski ◽  
Teresa Banaszkiewicz ◽  
Anna Milczarek
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Soybean Diet

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of dried oregano from different regions of the world to diets on the production results, selected organs, as well as the morphometric characteristics and pH of the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens. The research feedstuff was dried oregano from Poland, Turkey and Egypt and diets containing these herbs. The oregano from Poland, Turkey and Egypt was added to a wheat-corn-soybean diet in an amount of 2%. The experiment was carried out on 168 broilers Ross 308, 84 males and 84 females, randomly divided into 4 groups of 42 birds each. In this experiment, four diets for the starter period (from 1 to 21 days of age) and four for the grower period (from 22 to 42 days of age) were prepared. The control group (K) were fed a wheat-corn-soybean diet without oregano, whereas chickens from the experimental groups were fed diets with oregano from Poland (OP group), Turkey (OT group) or Egypt (OE group). During the experiment, the body weight at 1, 2, and 42 days of age, feed consumption and mortality were recorded. At 42 days of age, after 14 hours of fasting, the birds were killed and from the body of 32 chickens (8 chickens from each group) the digestive tract, heart, liver, pancreas and spleen were prepared and weighed. The gastrointestinal tract was divided into sections, and their weight and length were measured. Then, in particular segments of the gastrointestinal tract, pH values were determined. The body weight of chickens determined at 21 and 42 days of age were not significantly different between the groups. Significant differences between the groups were noted in feed efficiency during the grower period. The diet containing oregano from Turkey was utilized significantly better than the control diet. Significant differences in the pH of the glandular stomach and caecum were found. Compared with pH in the control group, pH in the glandular stomachs of chickens fed diets containing dried oregano from Egypt was significantly decreased, whereas pH in the caecum of chickens from the OT group was increased. In comparison with the control group, chickens from the groups fed diets containing oregano (except the OP group) had a significantly shorter ileum and larger intestines, and chickens fed a diet with oregano from Turkey had a smaller spleen and gizzard. The results obtained show that the chemical composition of dried oregano from different regions was differential. The addition of 2% of dried oregano to the wheat-corn-soybean diet had no significant influence on the body weight of chickens, but decreased their mortality. Oregano from Turkey added to the wheat-corn-soybean diet improved the feed efficiency in the second period of rearing. These results show that oregano may be a potentially effective supplement for broiler chickens, and the most effective was the oregano from Turkey....

scholarly journals Use of silver nanoparticles in quail feeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
O. G. Merzlyakova ◽  
V. A. Rogachev
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Silver Nanocomposite ◽  
Hatching Eggs

The results of introducing silver nanocomposite based on zeolite and as part of Argovit preparation into the diet of poultry are presented. The experiment was carried out on quails of the Japanese breed during the periods of bird rearing (60 days) and productive use of laying quails (95 days). For the research, three groups were formed from quails aged one day (one control and two experimental) of 50 heads each. The quails were kept on a test farm in Novosibirsk Region in cell batteries subject to the required microclimate conditions. All groups received feed (the main diet), tailored to the age and physiological characteristics of quails. A silver nanocomposite based on zeolite and as part of Argovit preparation at a dose of 40 μg/kg of feed (on pure element) was additionally introduced into the feed for the birds of the experimental groups for 21 days. The effect of the supplements used was studied by the following parameters: survival rate of quail chicks, their growth intensity, feed efficiency ratio, indicators of meat and egg productivity, and quality of hatching eggs. The chemical composition of the feed, quail meat and eggs obtained from laying quails was studied in a biochemical laboratory using generally accepted methods of zootechnical analysis. When feeding experimental birds on silver nanocomposite based on zeolite and as part of Argovit preparation, the survival rate of quails increased by 3.0–4.0%, the average daily gain in live weight increased by 6.48– 7.35%, and feed consumption per unit of the produce decreased by 13.14–16.62%. The egg production of laying quails increased by 6.00–7.45%, the yield of egg mass – by 6.02–7.89%, and the yield of hatching eggs – by 3.33–11.7%. The highest indicators of meat and egg productivity and feed efficiency were obtained in the first experimental group that consumed zeolite-based nanosilver. The economic effect in the experimental groups increased by 13.76-17.26% compared to the control group.

THE EFFECTS OF ZERANOL ON THE FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE OF BEEF BULLS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. PRICE ◽  
M. MAKARECHIAN ◽  
T. TENNESSEN ◽  
G. W. MATHISON
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Development ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Nonsignificant Difference ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Concentration ◽  
Concentration Behavior

Fifty-three cross-bred bulls, aged 5–7 mo, were divided at random into a nonimplanted control group of 26 bulls and a treatment group of 27 bulls, which were each implanted with 36 mg of zeranol on the 1st, 81st, and 155th day of the experiment. They were fed a high energy diet ad libitum for 168 days during which time liveweight and feed consumption were recorded at 2-wk intervals. Occasional measurements of scrotal circumference and serum T3 and T4 concentration were taken on 26 bulls (12 control, 14 implanted). At the end of 168 days the same 26 bulls were halter-broken in preparation for libido testing and semen evaluation. All bulls were slaughtered 236 days after the initial implanting, at which time a study was made of the behavior of 20 control and 20 treated bulls during the 6–7 h leading up to slaughter. There was a large (6.1%) but nonsignificant difference in rate of gain, with no difference in feed efficiency due to the implant. Zeranol was found to have no significant effect on sexual development, thyroid hormone concentration, behavior or carcass characteristics. There was, however, a four-times greater incidence (nonsignificant) of dark-cutting carcasses among the control bulls, than the treated bulls. Key words: Zeranol, beef cattle, feedlot performance, sexual development, behavior

The influence of probiotic drug Biolax-U on morphological and biochemical parameters of blood in cows

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
A. Farkhutdinova
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Breed

The expediency of using the probiotic drug Biolax-U in the rations of lactating and dry cows of Black-and-White breed has been studied and scientifically proved. The influence of this drug on the morphological and biochemical parameters of animal blood has been determined. The composition of the probiotic drug Biolax-U consists of eight strains of a balanced complex of living lactic acid bacteria, yeast and actinomycetes, as well as biologically active substances. For experimental studies conducted on 2 groups of cows have been selected by the method of pairs-analogs, the influence of feeding of feed have been prepared with the use of the microbiological drug with probiotic action Biolax-U on feed consumption, morphological and biochemical changes in blood has been studied. Analysis of the rations of cows indicates that the content of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur and trace elements such as manganese, copper, zinc and cobalt in the feed has been reduced. It has been found by studies that the use of probiotic drug Biolax-U had the positive influence on the feed intake, digestibility and better assimilation of feed nutrients and contributed to the improvement of blood morphological and biochemical parameters. For example, in animals of the experimental group hemoglobin has increased by 3,6 % (Р < 0,05), red blood cells by 10,1 (P ≤ 0,05), the content of leukocytes by 4,43, carotene by 9,6, glucose by 3,4; reserve alkalinity by 15,6, calcium by 19,4 (P ≤ 0,01), and phosphorus by 18,4 % compared with the control group of animals. During the lactation significantly improved hematological parameters including alkalinity reserve by 5,11 %, calcium level by 11,1, phosphorus by 8,6, hemoglobin by 14,2 %, the content of erythrocytes by 12,3, leukocyte by 3,86, and carotene 11,1 % against the parameters of animals of control group. The improvement of morphological and biochemical parameters of blood of cows indicates about stimulating effect on hematopoiesis and the general clinical condition of animals that contributes to the improvement of metabolic processes when using feed prepared with the use of microbiological drug with probiotic action Biolax-U.

Extruded lupine as a part of energy-protein concentrate in the ration of lactating cows

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Z. Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Farm Animals ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Cattle Farm ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
Experimental Group

In order to fi ll the existing protein defi ciency in the rations of farm animals in particular dairy cows it is necessary to input feed lupins as widely as possible in crop rotations. Lupin is a very versatile forage crop it can be used in feed as herbage, in the form of haylage, silage, in compound feed as a protein additive, as well as a green manure crop to increase soil fertility. Questions of protein nutrition should be to be quickly resolved, both in the production of protein and in its standardized rational use. Unbalanced protein rations increase feed consumption per unit of production, thereby increasing its prime cost. In the world soya is generally recognized as a protein feed, but in the Kaliningrad region as in most of regions in our country, it does not maturate being a heat-loving crop. Under these environments the inclusion of extruded lupine grain in the composition of energy-protein concentrates for the production of compound feed has become an alternative to replacing expensive soya. The researches have been carried out it the cattle farm of LLC “Temp” in the Guryevsky area in the Kaliningrad region (March-May 2019) on feeding lactating cows energy-protein concentrate from extruded grain of narrow-leaved lupine, fl ax, triticale, subjected to heat treatment on a press extruder. For this purpose two groups of lactating cows of Black-and-White breed (control and experimental) have been formed using the method of pairs of analogs per 11 heads in each. Cows of the control group have received the main ration of the farm, and cows of the experimental group in addition to the main ration have received compound feed with extruded energy-protein concentrate based on lupine. As a result of research, the positive infl uence of energy-protein concentrate based on lupine in compound feed on the dairy productivity of cows has been established. Recipes of concentrate and compound feed with concentrate for lactating cows, the volume of inclusion of components in the concentrate and in the compound feed have been calculated. During the experiment, the milk yield in the experimental group of cows has increased by 62,4 kg or 8,0 %, than in the control group. From the cows of the experimental group the conditional profi t has been received in the amount of 1684,8 rubles per head.

scholarly journals Effects of Green Alga, Chaetomorpha aerea Extract on Non-Specific Immune Responses and Disease Resistance against Edwardsiella tarda Infection in Labeo rohita

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4325
Author(s):  
Govindharajan Sattanathan ◽  
Vairakannu Tamizhazhagan ◽  
Nadeem Raza ◽  
Syed Qaswar Ali Shah ◽  
Muhammad Zubair Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Labeo Rohita ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Edwardsiella Tarda ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physiological Salt Solution ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Chaetomorpha Aerea

The current study evaluated the effects of a methanol extract from Chaetomorpha aerea (a green alga) on non-specific immune responses and resistance against Edwardsiella tarda infection in Labeo rohita. Different doses of the extract (5, 50 and 500 mg/kg of body weight) were injected into the fish intraperitoneally while a control group was injected with 0.2 mL of sterile physiological salt solution. Variations in several immunostimulatory parameters (i.e., neutrophil, serum lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, serum antiprotease, and ceruloplasmin activity), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) were assessed after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of post stimulation. E. tarda culture was injected into the fish after 28 days of post stimulation to induce infection to monitor fish mortality within 14 days. Interestingly, all doses of methanolic extract enhanced neutrophil, lysozyme, and myeloperoxidase activity, ROS and RNS, while a dose of 50 mg/kg was the most effective. Fish injected with this optimal dose were also protected against infection with virulent strain of E. tarda. The results of the study suggest that C. aerea extract is a potential prophylactic agent against bacterial infections in finfish.

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