THE EFFECTS OF ZERANOL ON THE FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE OF BEEF BULLS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. PRICE ◽  
M. MAKARECHIAN ◽  
T. TENNESSEN ◽  
G. W. MATHISON
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Development ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Nonsignificant Difference ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Concentration ◽  
Concentration Behavior

Fifty-three cross-bred bulls, aged 5–7 mo, were divided at random into a nonimplanted control group of 26 bulls and a treatment group of 27 bulls, which were each implanted with 36 mg of zeranol on the 1st, 81st, and 155th day of the experiment. They were fed a high energy diet ad libitum for 168 days during which time liveweight and feed consumption were recorded at 2-wk intervals. Occasional measurements of scrotal circumference and serum T3 and T4 concentration were taken on 26 bulls (12 control, 14 implanted). At the end of 168 days the same 26 bulls were halter-broken in preparation for libido testing and semen evaluation. All bulls were slaughtered 236 days after the initial implanting, at which time a study was made of the behavior of 20 control and 20 treated bulls during the 6–7 h leading up to slaughter. There was a large (6.1%) but nonsignificant difference in rate of gain, with no difference in feed efficiency due to the implant. Zeranol was found to have no significant effect on sexual development, thyroid hormone concentration, behavior or carcass characteristics. There was, however, a four-times greater incidence (nonsignificant) of dark-cutting carcasses among the control bulls, than the treated bulls. Key words: Zeranol, beef cattle, feedlot performance, sexual development, behavior

FEED CONSUMPTION AND GROWTH OF DAIRY HEIFER AND BULL CALVES FED CALF STARTERS DIFFERING IN PROTEIN CONTENT

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. JONES ◽  
L. P. JACOBS ◽  
L. J. MARTIN
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Four groups of five Holstein heifer calves were fed calf starter ad libitum from the 5th through the 16th wk. Diets differed in crude protein (CP) content (9.3, 17.8, and 22.2% CP) and were compared to a 21% CP, high-fat milk replacer (HFMR) during 28-day periods. Voluntary intake was not affected by starter CP content. However, increasing dietary CP content increased gains and feed efficiency. Gains were similar between the high-protein starter and the HFMR. When calves in one group received a different starter each day, voluntary consumption of the low-protein starter was reduced. In the second experiment, the HFMR and a starter containing either 10.6, 15.3, or 22.8% CP were fed to Holstein bull calves from wk 2 through 4. The starters were each fed for 21-day periods to each group of calves after weaning from HFMR. A fourth group received a starter of different CP content each day. A fifth group received only HFMR for the entire period. After the 4th wk, calves fed HFMR consumed less dry matter (DM) but gained weight most rapidly. Average daily gains were increased by the medium- and high- over the low-protein calf starter (P < 0.05). Feed efficiency was subsequently reduced by this diet. A ration containing no more than 18% CP was satisfactory for dairy-replacement heifers. However, additional studies should examine the feasibility of marketing 136-kg calves on high-energy calf starters.

scholarly journals Use of a filamentous green alga (Chaetomorpha sp.) and microsnail (Stenothyra sp.) as feed at an early stage of intensive aquaculture promotes growth performance, artificial feed efficiency, and profitability of giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244607
Author(s):  
Isao Tsutsui ◽  
Dusit Aue-umneoy ◽  
Piyarat Pinphoo ◽  
Worachet Thuamsuwan ◽  
Kittipong Janeauksorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Alga ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Filamentous Green Alga ◽  
Tiger Prawn ◽  
Intensive Aquaculture

With the worldwide demand for tropical penaeid prawn increasing in recent decades, more research on shrimp culture methods is needed to enhance efficiency and profitability for shrimp farmers. The objective of this study was to develop a technique to boost the productivity, feed efficiency, and profitability of the giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon). To accomplish this, a novel culture setup was established in which two benthic organisms, a filamentous green alga (Chaetomorpha sp.) and a microsnail (Stenothyra sp.), were propagated together with P. monodon post-larvae during an early culture stage and then offered to shrimp as supplementary live feeds in intensive aquaculture ponds. For the experiment, shrimp post-larvae (density: approximately 33 individuals m-2) were cultured in outdoor concrete ponds (9 × 9 × 1.2 m) under either control (fed only artificial feed, n = 3) or experimental (fed artificial feed and benthic organisms, n = 3) conditions until they reached marketable size (15 weeks). Apparent green algae consumption was 6.81 kg (8.4% green alga to total feed consumption), whereas microsnail consumption was 1.96 kg (2.4% microsnail to total feed consumption). Compared with the control group of giant tiger prawn, the experimental group showed significantly higher productivity (total number of shrimp produced: 118%; total shrimp production: 133%), feed efficiency (feed conversion ratio of artificial shrimp feed: 89%), and profitability (shrimp sales: 139%; balance between shrimp sales and costs: 146%), while labor and financial costs were kept minimal. These results can be explained by the enhanced growth of shrimp at the early stages of culture. The techniques developed in this study will help to advance the efficiency of intensive aquaculture operations for giant tiger prawn and also improve profitability for shrimp farmers.

scholarly journals Physiological effects of Pekilo single cell protein on pigs

1980 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
Ritva Järvinen ◽  
Raija Savonen ◽  
Antti Ahlström ◽  
Timo Alaviuhkola
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Experimental Diet

The physiological effects of Pekilo microfungus biomass (Paecilomyces varioti) grown in sulphite spent liquor solution was studied in pigs. Sixteen Finnish landrace gilts weighing about 22 kg were divided into two groups of eight animals each. The animals were fed a barley- and oat-based diet supplemented with vitamins and minerals. The soybean and fish meal mixture used as a protein supplement for the control group was replaced with Pekilo at a level of 13 % of the feed weight in the experimental diet used up till farrowing. The experimental diet used during lactation contained 15 % of Pekilo. The feed consumption and weight gain of the animals were recorded. The experiment lasted almost one year and included the growth, gestation and lactation periods of the sows. The weight gain of the piglets was observed. After weaning of the litter the sows were analysed for blood haemoglobin, haematocrit and white blood cell count, plasma glucose, serum bilirubin, ASAT, ALAT, urea, uric acid, allantoin, total protein and albumin/globulin ratio. The allantoin, uric acid and creatinine contents of a single urine sample were determined quantitatively, and the pH, glucose and protein contents semiquantitatively. The urine density was measured. There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency and reproductive performance. Serum urea and plasma glucose levels were significantly lower in the Pekilo-fed group than in the control group but were within the normal limits for swine. The serum allantoin level and the urine allantoin/creatinine ratio of the Pekilo group were significantly above the control group values. No differences were found between the two groups in the other blood and urine analyses. The use of Pekilo biomass as protein supplement in the diet of breeding sows was found to have no detrimental effects as assessed on the basis of weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, reproductive performance and certain blood and urine parameters.

EFFECTS OF ZERANOL IMPLANTATION ON GROWTH, FEED CONVERSION, TESTICULAR DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIORAL TRAITS OF YOUNG BULLS FED FOR SLAUGHTER

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1005-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. NEWMAN ◽  
A. K. W. TONG ◽  
H. DOORNENBAL ◽  
T. TENNESSEN ◽  
G. H. COULTER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Bull Calves

An experiment was conducted to determine whether implantation with zeranol would reduce the aggressive behavior and probability of producing dark-cutting carcasses that characterize slaughter bulls. Thirty-six bull calves were allocated to each of four treatments – nonimplanted bulls, steers castrated at an average age of 101 d, bulls implanted with 36 mg zeranol at an average of 101, 170, 263 and 319 d of age and bulls implanted on the latter three dates only. The results reported include observations of weight gains, linear measurements, scrotal circumferences, serum testosterone concentrations, feed consumption, feed efficiency ratios and behavioral traits. Bulls exceeded steers in weight gain during a feedlot test and in body length after 140 d on feed, but neither implantation treatment significantly affected the growth of bulls. Feed consumption and conversion efficiency were lower in steers than in bulls, but were not significantly affected by implantation. Scrotal circumference measurements and serum testosterone concentrations suggested that implantation reduced testicle development during the preweaning and early postweaning periods, but that this effect diminished or disappeared during the later postweaning period. Implantation depressed aggressive and sexual activity between days 111 and 155 of the feedlot test. When evaluated at 13–14 mo of age, both implanted groups reacted to preslaughter mixing of nonfamiliar animals with equivalent head bunting to, but less mounting activity than, nonimplanted bulls. At 15–16 mo of age, however, the implanted bulls exhibited more head bunting than nonimplanted bulls, and the early implanted group exhibited fully equivalent mounting activity to nonimplanted bulls. The dark-cutting carcass condition was associated with mounting activity during preslaughter lairage. Key words: Slaughter bull, zeranol, growth, linear measurements, testicular development, behavior

scholarly journals High-energy diet enhances spermatogenic function and increases sperm midpiece length in fallow deer ( Dama dama ) yearlings

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 181972 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Ros-Santaella ◽  
Radim Kotrba ◽  
Eliana Pintus
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Development ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Sperm Midpiece ◽  
Experimental Group

Nutrition is a major factor involved in the sexual development of livestock ruminants. In the male, a high-energy diet enhances the reproductive function, but its effects on the underlying processes such as spermatogenic efficiency are not yet defined. Moreover, the possible changes in sperm size due to a supplemented diet remain poorly investigated. The main goal of this study was to evaluate whether a high-energy diet affects the spermatogenic activity, epididymal sperm parameters (concentration, morphology, morphometry and acrosome integrity) and blood testosterone levels in fallow deer yearlings. For this purpose, 32 fallow deer were allocated into two groups according to their diet: control (pasture) and experimental (pasture and barley grain) groups. Fallow deer from the experimental group showed a significant increase in the Sertoli cell function and sperm midpiece length, together with a higher testicular mass, sperm concentration and percentage of normal spermatozoa than the control group ( p < 0.05). We also found a tendency for higher blood testosterone levels in the animals fed with barley grain ( p = 0.116). The better sperm quality found in the experimental group may be related to their higher efficiency of Sertoli cells and to an earlier onset of puberty. The results of the present work elucidate the mechanisms by which dietary supplementation enhances the male sexual development and might be useful for better practices of livestock management in seasonal breeders.

scholarly journals Influence of oregano added to diets on performance, selected organs as well as morphometric traits and pH of digestive tract of broiler chickens

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 781-785
Author(s):  
Stanisław Laskowski ◽  
Teresa Banaszkiewicz ◽  
Anna Milczarek
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Soybean Diet

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of dried oregano from different regions of the world to diets on the production results, selected organs, as well as the morphometric characteristics and pH of the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens. The research feedstuff was dried oregano from Poland, Turkey and Egypt and diets containing these herbs. The oregano from Poland, Turkey and Egypt was added to a wheat-corn-soybean diet in an amount of 2%. The experiment was carried out on 168 broilers Ross 308, 84 males and 84 females, randomly divided into 4 groups of 42 birds each. In this experiment, four diets for the starter period (from 1 to 21 days of age) and four for the grower period (from 22 to 42 days of age) were prepared. The control group (K) were fed a wheat-corn-soybean diet without oregano, whereas chickens from the experimental groups were fed diets with oregano from Poland (OP group), Turkey (OT group) or Egypt (OE group). During the experiment, the body weight at 1, 2, and 42 days of age, feed consumption and mortality were recorded. At 42 days of age, after 14 hours of fasting, the birds were killed and from the body of 32 chickens (8 chickens from each group) the digestive tract, heart, liver, pancreas and spleen were prepared and weighed. The gastrointestinal tract was divided into sections, and their weight and length were measured. Then, in particular segments of the gastrointestinal tract, pH values were determined. The body weight of chickens determined at 21 and 42 days of age were not significantly different between the groups. Significant differences between the groups were noted in feed efficiency during the grower period. The diet containing oregano from Turkey was utilized significantly better than the control diet. Significant differences in the pH of the glandular stomach and caecum were found. Compared with pH in the control group, pH in the glandular stomachs of chickens fed diets containing dried oregano from Egypt was significantly decreased, whereas pH in the caecum of chickens from the OT group was increased. In comparison with the control group, chickens from the groups fed diets containing oregano (except the OP group) had a significantly shorter ileum and larger intestines, and chickens fed a diet with oregano from Turkey had a smaller spleen and gizzard. The results obtained show that the chemical composition of dried oregano from different regions was differential. The addition of 2% of dried oregano to the wheat-corn-soybean diet had no significant influence on the body weight of chickens, but decreased their mortality. Oregano from Turkey added to the wheat-corn-soybean diet improved the feed efficiency in the second period of rearing. These results show that oregano may be a potentially effective supplement for broiler chickens, and the most effective was the oregano from Turkey....

scholarly journals Use of silver nanoparticles in quail feeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
O. G. Merzlyakova ◽  
V. A. Rogachev
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Silver Nanocomposite ◽  
Hatching Eggs

The results of introducing silver nanocomposite based on zeolite and as part of Argovit preparation into the diet of poultry are presented. The experiment was carried out on quails of the Japanese breed during the periods of bird rearing (60 days) and productive use of laying quails (95 days). For the research, three groups were formed from quails aged one day (one control and two experimental) of 50 heads each. The quails were kept on a test farm in Novosibirsk Region in cell batteries subject to the required microclimate conditions. All groups received feed (the main diet), tailored to the age and physiological characteristics of quails. A silver nanocomposite based on zeolite and as part of Argovit preparation at a dose of 40 μg/kg of feed (on pure element) was additionally introduced into the feed for the birds of the experimental groups for 21 days. The effect of the supplements used was studied by the following parameters: survival rate of quail chicks, their growth intensity, feed efficiency ratio, indicators of meat and egg productivity, and quality of hatching eggs. The chemical composition of the feed, quail meat and eggs obtained from laying quails was studied in a biochemical laboratory using generally accepted methods of zootechnical analysis. When feeding experimental birds on silver nanocomposite based on zeolite and as part of Argovit preparation, the survival rate of quails increased by 3.0–4.0%, the average daily gain in live weight increased by 6.48– 7.35%, and feed consumption per unit of the produce decreased by 13.14–16.62%. The egg production of laying quails increased by 6.00–7.45%, the yield of egg mass – by 6.02–7.89%, and the yield of hatching eggs – by 3.33–11.7%. The highest indicators of meat and egg productivity and feed efficiency were obtained in the first experimental group that consumed zeolite-based nanosilver. The economic effect in the experimental groups increased by 13.76-17.26% compared to the control group.

ENERGY UTILIZATION IN THE CHICK IN RELATION TO CERTAIN ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Y. LEI ◽  
S. J. SLINGER
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
High Energy Regime ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

Reductions in weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency resulted under the stress of water restriction or high population density. The metabolizable energy (ME) content of the feed was unaffected by the severity of the stresses. Elevated and depressed environmental temperatures resulted in reductions in weight gain and feed efficiency, but there were no alterations in the ME content of the feeds. Water restriction decreased the sucrase activity, but not the maltase activity in the intestinal mucosa. Overcrowding had no effect on the level of these mucosal enzymes. At adverse temperatures mucosal sucrase and maltase activities were significantly higher for birds on a low energy than for those on a high energy diet. On the low energy, but not the high energy regime, the sucrase and maltase activities were increased at the elevated and depressed environmental temperatures.

The influence of probiotic drug Biolax-U on morphological and biochemical parameters of blood in cows

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
A. Farkhutdinova
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Breed

The expediency of using the probiotic drug Biolax-U in the rations of lactating and dry cows of Black-and-White breed has been studied and scientifically proved. The influence of this drug on the morphological and biochemical parameters of animal blood has been determined. The composition of the probiotic drug Biolax-U consists of eight strains of a balanced complex of living lactic acid bacteria, yeast and actinomycetes, as well as biologically active substances. For experimental studies conducted on 2 groups of cows have been selected by the method of pairs-analogs, the influence of feeding of feed have been prepared with the use of the microbiological drug with probiotic action Biolax-U on feed consumption, morphological and biochemical changes in blood has been studied. Analysis of the rations of cows indicates that the content of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur and trace elements such as manganese, copper, zinc and cobalt in the feed has been reduced. It has been found by studies that the use of probiotic drug Biolax-U had the positive influence on the feed intake, digestibility and better assimilation of feed nutrients and contributed to the improvement of blood morphological and biochemical parameters. For example, in animals of the experimental group hemoglobin has increased by 3,6 % (Р < 0,05), red blood cells by 10,1 (P ≤ 0,05), the content of leukocytes by 4,43, carotene by 9,6, glucose by 3,4; reserve alkalinity by 15,6, calcium by 19,4 (P ≤ 0,01), and phosphorus by 18,4 % compared with the control group of animals. During the lactation significantly improved hematological parameters including alkalinity reserve by 5,11 %, calcium level by 11,1, phosphorus by 8,6, hemoglobin by 14,2 %, the content of erythrocytes by 12,3, leukocyte by 3,86, and carotene 11,1 % against the parameters of animals of control group. The improvement of morphological and biochemical parameters of blood of cows indicates about stimulating effect on hematopoiesis and the general clinical condition of animals that contributes to the improvement of metabolic processes when using feed prepared with the use of microbiological drug with probiotic action Biolax-U.

Extruded lupine as a part of energy-protein concentrate in the ration of lactating cows

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Z. Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Farm Animals ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Cattle Farm ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
Experimental Group

In order to fi ll the existing protein defi ciency in the rations of farm animals in particular dairy cows it is necessary to input feed lupins as widely as possible in crop rotations. Lupin is a very versatile forage crop it can be used in feed as herbage, in the form of haylage, silage, in compound feed as a protein additive, as well as a green manure crop to increase soil fertility. Questions of protein nutrition should be to be quickly resolved, both in the production of protein and in its standardized rational use. Unbalanced protein rations increase feed consumption per unit of production, thereby increasing its prime cost. In the world soya is generally recognized as a protein feed, but in the Kaliningrad region as in most of regions in our country, it does not maturate being a heat-loving crop. Under these environments the inclusion of extruded lupine grain in the composition of energy-protein concentrates for the production of compound feed has become an alternative to replacing expensive soya. The researches have been carried out it the cattle farm of LLC “Temp” in the Guryevsky area in the Kaliningrad region (March-May 2019) on feeding lactating cows energy-protein concentrate from extruded grain of narrow-leaved lupine, fl ax, triticale, subjected to heat treatment on a press extruder. For this purpose two groups of lactating cows of Black-and-White breed (control and experimental) have been formed using the method of pairs of analogs per 11 heads in each. Cows of the control group have received the main ration of the farm, and cows of the experimental group in addition to the main ration have received compound feed with extruded energy-protein concentrate based on lupine. As a result of research, the positive infl uence of energy-protein concentrate based on lupine in compound feed on the dairy productivity of cows has been established. Recipes of concentrate and compound feed with concentrate for lactating cows, the volume of inclusion of components in the concentrate and in the compound feed have been calculated. During the experiment, the milk yield in the experimental group of cows has increased by 62,4 kg or 8,0 %, than in the control group. From the cows of the experimental group the conditional profi t has been received in the amount of 1684,8 rubles per head.

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