scholarly journals An assessment of potential biomarkers of environment enteropathy and its association with age and microbial infections among children in Bangladesh

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250446
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ikhtear Uddin ◽  
Motaher Hossain ◽  
Shahidul Islam ◽  
Aklima Akter ◽  
Naoshin Sharmin Nishat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Soluble Cd14 ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Enteric Infections ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Interventional studies targeting environment enteropathy (EE) are impeded by the lack of appropriate, validated, non-invasive biomarkers of EE. Thus, we aimed to validate the association of potential biomarkers for EE with enteric infections and nutritional status in a longitudinal birth cohort study. We measured endotoxin core antibody (EndoCab) and soluble CD14 (sCD14) in serum, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in feces using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. We found that levels of serum EndoCab and sCD14 increase with the cumulative incidence of enteric infections. We observed a significant correlation between the fecal MPO level in the children at 24 months of age with the total number of bacterial and viral infections, the total number of parasitic infections, and the total number of diarrheal episodes and diarrheal duration. We observed that the levels of serum EndoCab, sCD14, and fecal MPO at 3 months of age were significantly associated with whether children were malnourished at 18 months of age or not. Biomarkers such as fecal MPO, serum EndoCab and sCD14 in children at an early age may be useful as a measure of cumulative burden of preceding enteric infections, which are predictive of subsequent malnutrition status and may be useful non-invasive biomarkers for EE.

scholarly journals Photonics of human saliva: potential optical methods for the screening of abnormal health conditions and infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jijo Lukose ◽  
Sanoop Pavithran M. ◽  
Mithun N. ◽  
Ajaya Kumar Barik ◽  
Keerthilatha M. Pai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Specimen ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
Fast Detection ◽  
Non Invasive

AbstractHuman saliva can be treated as a pool of biological markers able to reflect on the state of personal health. Recent years have witnessed an increase in the use of optical devices for the analysis of body fluids. Several groups have carried out studies investigating the potential of saliva as a non-invasive and reliable clinical specimen for use in medical diagnostics. This brief review aims to highlight the optical technologies, mainly surface plasmon resonance (SPR), Raman, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, which are being used for the probing of saliva for diverse biomedical applications. Advances in bio photonics offer the promise of unambiguous, objective and fast detection of abnormal health conditions and viral infections (such as COVID-19) from the analysis of saliva.

Plasma checkpoint protein 1 (Chk1) as a potential diagnostic biomarker for opisthorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Teva Phanaksri ◽  
Yodying Yingchutrakul ◽  
Sittiruk Roytrakul ◽  
Sattrachai Prasopdee ◽  
Anthicha Kunjantarachot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Protein Network ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarker ◽  
Checkpoint Protein ◽  
Venn Diagrams ◽  
Network Prediction ◽  
Candidate Protein ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

BACKGROUND: Patients infected with a parasite often develop opisthorchiasis viverrini, which often progresses into cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) due to the asymptomatic nature of the infection. Currently, there are no effective diagnostic methods for opisthorchiasis or cholangiocarcinoma. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the host-responsive protein that can be developed as a diagnostic biomarker of opisthorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma. METHODS: Plasma samples were collected from non-OVCCA, OV, and CCA subjects, and the proteomes were investigated by LC-MS/MS. Venn diagrams and protein network prediction by STITCH were used to identify the potential biomarkers. The level of candidate protein, the plasma checkpoint protein 1 (Chk1), was measured by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Chk1 was present in the center of the protein network analysis in both the OV and CCA groups. In addition, the plasma Chk1 levels were significantly increased in both groups (P< 0.05). The sensitivity of the opisthorchiasis viverrini and cholangiocarcinoma was 59.38% and 65.62%, respectively, while the specificity of both was 85.71%. CONCLUSION: Chk1 was identified by differential plasma proteomes and was increased in O. viverrini-infected and cholangiocarcinoma-derived plasma samples. Higher levels of plasma Chk1 levels may serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker for opisthorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma.

scholarly journals Segmental duplication as potential biomarkers for non-invasive prenatal testing of aneuploidies

EBioMedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 103535
Author(s):  
Xinwen Chen ◽  
Yifan Li ◽  
Qiuying Huang ◽  
Xingming Lin ◽  
Xudong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Segmental Duplication ◽  
Prenatal Testing ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

scholarly journals Analysis of Specific Immunoglobulin G Subclass Antibodies for Serological Diagnosis of Echinococcosis by a Standard Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Grimm ◽  
Friedrich E. Maly ◽  
Jian Lü ◽  
Roberto Llano
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Serological Diagnosis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Igg Subclass ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Specific Igg4 ◽  
Antibody Levels

ABSTRACT The potential roles of specific antibodies of the different immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses in the serological diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) were investigated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on hydatid fluid as antigen. Specific antibodies of subclass 1 were found to be of major importance. In sera collected at the time of diagnosis (i.e., before any therapeutic intervention was initiated) they could be demonstrated in 14 of 15 sera from patients with CE and in all 12 sera from patients with AE. The most discriminatory and the most specific antibodies found in this study belonged to IgG subclass 4. Only one false-positive reaction was observed with 253 sera from healthy volunteers, and no cross-reactions occurred in 80 sera from patients with different parasitic infections. Specific IgG4 antibodies could be demonstrated in 61.0 to 66.7% (CE) or 47.6 to 66.7% (AE) of the cases. Antibody levels of IgG subclass 2 were elevated only moderately, and subclass 3 antibodies were detected in a few cases only. In addition, nonspecific reactions in sera of healthy volunteers or patients with other parasitic infections could partially be attributed to antibodies of subclasses 2 and 3.

scholarly journals Using protein microarray reveals clinical correlation between self-perception of patient and the apoptosis-related proteins in rheumatoid arthritis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-ting Wen ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Hui Jiang ◽  
Lei Wan ◽  
Ling Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Abstract Background: The most severe effects of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are loss of physical function, which may have a significant impact on self-perception of patient (SPP). However, the inherent relationship between SPP and the key proteins is not clear. The aim of this study was to get an insight into SPP of RA in connection with the the apoptosis-related proteins. Methods: We set out to investigate changes of the apoptosis-related proteins expression in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of RA. Additionally, we aimed to correlate the apoptosis-related proteins expression profiles with SPP and clinical indexes. To this end, we employed antibody microarrays of the the apoptosis-related proteins in PBMCs from four RA patients and seven healthy controls. We used bioinformatics to screen several the apoptosis-related proteins. To validate key protein candidates, we performed Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on 30 RA patients and 30 healthy controls. Results: We found the expression of ten the apoptosis-related proteins (caspase3, CD40, SMAC, HSP27, HTRA, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-6, sTNF-R1, sTNF-R2, TRAILR-3) were significantly altered in PBMCs of RA patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis suggested that these ten the apoptosis-related proteins are potential biomarkers of RA. Spearman Correlation analysis and Logistic-regression analysis revealed that the 10 selected the apoptosis-related proteins correlated with SPP and clinical indexes. Conclusion: Therefore, we highlight some the apoptosis-related proteins may serve as potential biomarkers in prediction of SPP for RA patients, although the underlying mechanisms need to be further explored.

scholarly journals Rapid Mass Spectrometric Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer via Urine Carbonyl Metabolic Fingerprints

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongxiu Nie ◽  
Yuze Li ◽  
Lixia Jiang ◽  
Zhenpeng Wang ◽  
Xiaohua Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnosis Method ◽  
Rapid Mass ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Abstract The diagnosis of bladder cancer (BC) is currently based on cystoscopy, which is invasive and expensive. Here, we described a non-invasive, low-cost BC diagnosis method based on a desorption, separation, and ionization mass spectrometry platform (DSI-MS) that adopts N, N- Dimethylethylenediamine (DMED) as a differential labeling reagent. The DSI-MS platform avoids the interferences from intra- and/or inter-samples, while the DMED increases detection sensitivity and distinguishes carboxyl, aldehyde, and ketone groups from untreated samples. Carbonyl metabolic fingerprints of urine from 28 BC patients and 38 controls were portrayed and significant differences of some potential biomarkers were observed. The mechanisms of the changes have been discussed. Logistic regression (LR) was applied to discriminate BC from controls and an accuracy of 87% was achieved. We believe this patient-friendly method provides a hopeful approach for BC rapid point-of-care diagnostic.

Neopterin as a marker of inflammation

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-156
Author(s):  
Magdalena Bartold ◽  
Joanna Matowicka-Karna
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Neopterin Concentration ◽  
Living Bacteria

Neopterin is a non-specific marker of immunological response of human body of cellular type. It belongs to the chemical group known as pteridines. Neopterin has been widely associated with inter alia viral infections, bacterial infections (by intracellular living bacteria), parasitic infections, skin burns or autoimmune diseases. Neopterin is a very important parameter diagnostically not only in diagnosis and monitoring of treatment but also a reliable indicator of macrophages’ activity. Most frequently neopterin concentration is measured in body fluids like blood, serum or urine, but it may be used as an indicator in other body fluids.

Bacteriophages: A Possible Choice for Treatment of Viral Respiratory Infections and COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faezeh Abbaszadeh ◽  
Narges Eslami ◽  
Parisa Shiri Aghbash ◽  
Hamed Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo ◽  
Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
The World ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Display Technique ◽  
Viral Respiratory

: Viral respiratory infections are a leading cause of illness and mortality in all age groups worldwide. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread throughout the world, igniting the twenty-first century’s deadliest pandemic. Research has shown that phages, which are bacterial viruses, can help treat viral infections with the effect on the immune system and their antiviral activity. Phages have specific activity and affect only the target without any side effects on other parts of the human body. Human phage-related diseases have not been reported yet; therefore, phages can be a very safe treatment, especially in many viral infections. The results of clinical studies have a promising future regarding the use of phages. It is possible that the phages display technique aided in the production of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies against its viral protein, which prevented the virus from binding or replicating and preventing secondary microbial infections, which have been linked to many patient deaths. Furthermore, an effective antiviral vaccine can be produced by using the same technique. Given the growing number of coronaviruses cases around the world, in the present paper, we review the possible mechanisms of phages against the COVID-19 disease and the method that may be a solution to eliminate the virus.

Infections of the Central Nervous System

2013 ◽  
pp. 114-127
Author(s):  
Françoise Gray ◽  
Kum Thong Wong ◽  
Francesco Scaravilli ◽  
Leroy R. Sharer
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
System P ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Specific Agent

This chapter describes and illustrates the different lesions observed in CNS infections. A wide variety of pathogenic infectious organisms may affect the CNS. They can be classified as “pathogenic” (causing disease in every individual) or “opportunistic” (affecting only patients with immunodeficiency). Bacteria may cause pyogenic infections or so-called “specific infections,” in which the morphology of the lesions is suggestive of a specific agent. Mycoses and parasitic infections used to be uncommon, restricted to certain countries; however, due to increasing incidence of immunodeficiency conditions and intercontinental travel, they are now more frequently encountered. Viral infections of the CNS cause nonspecific lesions due to immune-mediated reactions or more specific encephalitides. In AIDS, infection by the human immunodeficiency virus causes a unique encephalitis and immunodeficiency with a wide range of secondary opportunistic infections.

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