scholarly journals Levels and predictors of fear and health anxiety during the current outbreak of COVID-19 in immunocompromised and chronic disease patients in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional correlational study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250554
Author(s):  
Jehan S. Al-Rahimi ◽  
Nada M. Nass ◽  
Shahira A. Hassoubah ◽  
Dhuha Y. Wazqar ◽  
Soha A. Alamoudi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Health Anxiety ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Disease Patients ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
Fear And Anxiety

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has become a clinical threat to healthy people as well as immunocompromised patients and those with pre-existing chronic diseases around the world. This study, which used a cross-sectional correlational design, aimed to assess the levels of fear and health anxiety and to investigate their predictors during the current outbreak of COVID-19 in immunocompromised and chronic disease patients in Saudi Arabia. Sociodemographic and clinical data, fear of COVID-19, and health anxiety measurements were collected by online surveys from June 15 to July 15, 2020. Univariate and multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify predictors. A total of 1,030 patients in 13 provinces in Saudi Arabia completed the questionnaire. A significant number of patients with chronic diseases experienced considerable levels of fear and anxiety during the COVID-19 outbreak. It was found that 21.44% of participants met the criteria for anxiety cases, and 19.4% were considered borderline anxiety cases. In regression analysis, significant predictors of fear and health anxiety were female gender, lower education, middle-aged, divorced or widowed, receiving immunosuppressants, type of chronic disease (Crohn’s disease, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases), and media use as a source of knowledge about COVID-19. Immunocompromised and chronic disease patients are vulnerable to fear and anxiety during epidemic infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Optimizing this population’s compliance with appropriate infection prevention and control strategies is crucial during the infectious outbreaks to ensure their safety, to decrease the risk of infection and serious complications, and reduce their fear and health anxiety. Effective positive psychological interventions and support strategies also need to be immediately implemented to increase psychological resilience and improve the mental health of these patients. Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, chronic disease patients in Saudi Arabia need special attention from health authorities, policymakers, and healthcare professionals to manage maladaptive forms of health anxiety and fear.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Fear and Anxiety among Healthcare Workers in Saudi Arabia. A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 004695802110252
Author(s):  
Syed Fareed Mohsin ◽  
Muhammad Atif Agwan ◽  
Sameer Shaikh ◽  
Ziyad Ahmad Alsuwaydani ◽  
Saleh Ahmad AlSuwaydani
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Fear And Anxiety

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is an extremely contagious respiratory disease. It poses a serious threat to healthcare workers which may cause substantial degree of psychological distress. This study aimed to evaluate the level of fear and anxiety among healthcare workers. A cross sectional study was designed to collect data from healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia using an online questionnaire. A non-probability convenient sampling technique was used to collect the data from 1st August to 10th August 2020 with the exclusion of non-healthcare worker and general public. A 5-point Likert scale was used to evaluate the level of fear and anxiety. The data was analyzed by using Spss version 23 .The descriptive data were represented as frequencies and percentage. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was applied to control the confounding factors and assess the relationship between variables. Data analyzed 737 participants revealed that 10.7%, 73.5%, and 15.7% of HCWs had a mild, moderate, and severe degree of fear and anxiety respectively. The multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that gender and specialty of the participants were significantly associated with moderate and severe anxiety level. This study demonstrates that two-third of the healthcare workers had a moderate risk of fear and anxiety. However, females participants found to have elevated fear and anxiety level. Social distancing has a major impact on social well-being therefore its important to address social support through a policy. Further studies are needed to explore the mental health condition of healthcare workers in order to develop evidence based strategies.

Prevalence and determinants of non-communicable diseases in Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Aljoharah Algabbani ◽  
Amani Alqahtani ◽  
Nasser BinDhim
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Diagnoses ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
Sustainable Health

Abstract Background Chronic diseases are considered the leading cause of mortality in Saudi Arabia. With a lack of national health surveillance systems, this study examines chronic disease prevalence and multimorbidity and their associated factors in Saudi Arabia. Methods Data was pooled from two cross-sectional national surveys conducted across the 13 regions of Saudi Arabia between March and July 2018. The study targeted Arabic speakers aged 18 years or older. The presence of chronic diseases was assessed according to self-reported medical diagnoses of chronic conditions. Multimorbidity was assessed based on the reported number of diseases (no condition, at least 1, and ≥ 2 conditions). Factors associated with chronic diseases’ presence were examined using regression analysis. Results Out of the total participants (N= 7,317), the most reported chronic conditions were cardiovascular diseases (15.1%) followed by respiratory diseases (14.16%). The multimorbidity prevalence (≥ 2 chronic conditions) was nearly 5.6% (n= 564). Factors found to be significantly associated with the presence of chronic diseases were age, gender, employment status, marital status, and smoking. The findings showed that those who rated their health as fair or poor were almost three times more likely to be diagnosed with at least one chronic condition (95% CI: 2.21 - 3.56, P <0.001). Conclusions The study found a proportion of Saudis living with chronic diseases and multimorbidity with the highest risk among elderly people. The study findings are useful in building a sustainable health surveillance system and designing effective health policies and interventions to tackle the burden of chronic disease in Saudi Arabia.  

scholarly journals Musculoskeletal Symptoms among Radiologists in Saudi Arabia: A Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malak Al Shammari ◽  
Ali Hassan ◽  
Omran Al Dandan ◽  
Mohammed Al Gadeeb ◽  
Dalal Bubshait
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Viewing Distance ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background : Musculoskeletal symptoms account for the majority of work-related illnesses resulting in a significant economic burden on society. Computer users are subject to unique repetitive strains that predispose them to musculoskeletal symptoms. In the digitalized field of radiology, radiologists spend long hours interpreting medical images on computers. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among radiologists in Saudi Arabia and their contributing factors. Methods : An online survey was sent to radiologists in all hospitals (academic, public and private) in the major cities of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia covering demographic characteristics, workload (e.g. the time spent at a computer workstation), and workstation environments including the number of monitors as well as the adjustability of the height of the workstation and the viewing distance. This survey of 263 radiologists was conducted in April 2019. It included an evaluation of musculoskeletal symptoms using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. The study outcome was the presence of disabling musculoskeletal symptoms in any body region, which restricted the performance of normal activities in the last 12 months. Results were analyzed descriptively using a Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis to estimate the odd ratio of experiencing disabling musculoskeletal symptoms in the last 12 months. Results : The survey was completed by 198 participants (111 men and 87 women) with a response rate of 75.3%. Most participants (71.2%) were aged below 40 years. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed being a female radiologist (OR = 2.7; 95% CI: 1.2–6.5), aged 30–39 years (OR = 4.1; 95% CI: 1.1–15.3), and predominantly reviewing computed tomography (CT) images (OR = 4.1; 95% CI: 1.4–12.3) or ultrasound scans (OR = 5.9; 95% CI: 1.4–25.3) were associated with higher prevalence of disabling musculoskeletal symptoms, compared to those aged below 30 years and those who reviewed various imaging modalities, respectively. Conclusions : Musculoskeletal symptoms are common among radiologists with lower back and neck pain being the most frequent complaints. Being a female radiologist, aged 30–39 years, and reviewing CT or ultrasound scans were associated with higher rates of disabling musculoskeletal symptoms.

scholarly journals Awareness of COVID-19 Before and After Quarantine Based on Crowdsourced Data From Rabigh City, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional and Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai Aldhahri ◽  
Rana Alghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
And Control

Background: Infection prevention and control measures are critical for the prevention of the spread of COVID-19.Aim: In this study, we aimed to measure and evaluate the level of awareness and knowledge of the prevention, symptoms, and transmission control of COVID-19 before and after quarantine among the residents of Rabigh city and adjacent villages in Saudi Arabia.Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in two stages: the first stage took place before quarantine and the second stage took place after quarantine. The survey was filled out electronically.Results: A total of 448 participants responded and filled out the questionnaires. Females (73.70%) formed the largest number of participants for both stages. The majority of the participants were &lt;30 years old (50.90%) and had a high education level in various sectors and levels (97.1%). It was noticeable that during the first stage, the participants' awareness of COVID-19 symptoms was not very high: 13.62% did not know about the symptoms. However, by the second stage, awareness about symptoms had increased (9.6%).Conclusion: The residents of Rabigh city and the surrounding villages had good levels of knowledge about COVID-19.

A Survey of the Barriers Affecting the Career Practice and Promotions of Female Dentists in Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rajeh ◽  
B. Nicolau ◽  
A. Qutob ◽  
P. Pluye ◽  
S. Esfandiari
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Family Needs ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government ◽  
Career Practice

Introduction: Over the last 40 y, the proportion of women in the profession of dentistry has been growing steadily. The extant literature, although limited, demonstrates that gender differences exist in choice of specialization, practice pattern, and professional attitudes, revealing that women are more likely to work in primary dental care and are less prominent in other dental specialties. Female Saudi dentists, working in the government sector, tend to occupy lower positions in the occupational hierarchy, are paid less, and are less likely to hold consultant positions as compared with men. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to identify barriers faced by female dentists practicing in Saudi Arabia in seeking professional advancement and to determine the variables that influenced respondents’ promotions. Methods: In February 2017, a web-based cross-sectional survey was emailed to all female dentists registered with the Saudi Dental Society ( N = 2,651). Completed questionnaires ( N = 130, response rate = 7.1%) were analyzed with simple summary statistics and a logistic regression analysis to evaluate the association between the dependent variable (promotion) and independent variables (family, environmental, interpersonal, and cultural factors). Results: Most female dentists believed that family, environmental, and cultural factors are challenges to their career practice and progression. Other factors included interpersonal challenges, such as gender discrimination and male dominance in the field of dentistry. Results of the regression analysis revealed that family and environmental factors were significant predictors of whether female dentists would be promoted. Conclusion: Saudi female dentists continue to face significant obstacles in their career practice and advancement. Their role in the workplace needs to be recognized. Factors that obstruct their career advancement should be well understood by dental institutions and efforts should be made to move more female dentists into leadership positions. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Policy makers can use the results of this study to develop strategies to overcome the barriers faced by female dentists in Saudi Arabia with respect to their professional and personal (family) needs. This study could lead to the development of employment incentives and a supportive workplace for female dentists.

scholarly journals High Sedentary Behaviour and Low Physical Activity are Associated with Anxiety and Depression in Myanmar and Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supa Pengpid ◽  
Karl Peltzer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Disease Patients ◽  
General Physical ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

The study aimed to estimate independent and combined associations of sedentary behaviour and physical activity with anxiety and depression among chronic disease patients in Myanmar and Vietnam. The cross-sectional sample included 3201 chronic disease patients (median age 51 years, interquartile range 25) systematically recruited from primary care facilities in 2015. Sedentary time and physical activity were assessed with the General Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Overall, the prevalence of sedentary time per day was 51.3% < 4 h, 31.2% between 4 and 8 h, and 17.5% 8 or more hours a day), and 30.7% engaged in low physical activity, 50.0% moderate, and 23.6% high physical activity. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was 12.7% and 19.9%, respectively. In the final logistic regression model, adjusted for relevant confounders, higher sedentary time (≥8 h) did not increase the odds for anxiety or depression, but moderate to high physical activity decreased the odds for anxiety and depression. Combined regression analysis found that participants with both less than eight hours of sedentary time and moderate or high physical activity had significantly lower odds of having anxiety and depression. Findings suggest an independent and combined association between moderate or high physical activity and low sedentary time with anxiety and/or depression among chronic disease patients in Myanmar and Vietnam.

scholarly journals Musculoskeletal symptoms among radiologists in Saudi Arabia: a multi-center cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malak Al Shammari ◽  
Ali Hassan ◽  
Omran Al Dandan ◽  
Mohammed Al Gadeeb ◽  
Dalal Bubshait
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Viewing Distance ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Musculoskeletal symptoms account for the majority of work-related illnesses resulting in a significant economic burden on society. Computer users are subject to unique repetitive strains that predispose them to musculoskeletal symptoms. In the digitalized field of radiology, radiologists spend long hours interpreting medical images on computers. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among radiologists in Saudi Arabia and their contributing factors. Methods An online survey was sent to radiologists in all hospitals (academic, public and private) in the major cities of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia covering demographic characteristics, workload (e.g. the time spent at a computer workstation), and workstation environments including the number of monitors as well as the adjustability of the height of the workstation and the viewing distance. This survey of 263 radiologists was conducted in April 2019. It included an evaluation of musculoskeletal symptoms using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. The study outcome was the presence of disabling musculoskeletal symptoms in any body region, which restricted the performance of normal activities in the last 12 months. Results were analyzed descriptively using a Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis to estimate the odd ratio of experiencing disabling musculoskeletal symptoms in the last 12 months. Results The survey was completed by 198 participants (111 men and 87 women) with a response rate of 75.3%. Most participants (71.2%) were aged below 40 years. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed being a female radiologist (OR = 2.7; 95% CI: 1.2–6.5), aged 30–39 years (OR = 4.1; 95% CI: 1.1–15.3), and predominantly reviewing computed tomography (CT) images (OR = 4.1; 95% CI: 1.4–12.3) or ultrasound scans (OR = 5.9; 95% CI: 1.4–25.3) were associated with higher prevalence of disabling musculoskeletal symptoms, compared to those aged below 30 years and those who reviewed various imaging modalities, respectively. Conclusions Musculoskeletal symptoms are common among radiologists with lower back and neck pain being the most frequent complaints. Being a female radiologist, aged 30–39 years, and reviewing CT or ultrasound scans were associated with higher rates of disabling musculoskeletal symptoms.

scholarly journals Health behaviors in major chronic diseases patients: trends and regional variations analysis, 2008–2017, Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Jee Jeon ◽  
Jeehee Pyo ◽  
Young-Kwon Park ◽  
Minsu Ock
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Smoking Rate ◽  
Regional Variations ◽  
Drinking Rate ◽  
Chronic Disease Patients

Abstract Background Improving the health behaviors of those with chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes is important for disease management. Few in-depth studies have been conducted in Korea on the health behaviors of chronic disease patients. This study examined the health behaviors of chronic disease patients over time and compared them with those of the general population. Methods Cross-sectional time-series data obtained from the Korea Community Health Survey from 2008 to 2017 were analyzed. Thirteen diseases were included in this analysis, namely, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, stroke, myocardial infarction, angina, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, cataract, and depression. The current smoking rate, drinking rate, and the walking rate, which are leading health behaviors necessary for preventing chronic diseases, were analyzed by disease type. We compared patients’ health behaviors with those of the general population and identified regional variations. Results Although the current overall smoking rate was seemingly declining, the overall monthly drinking and high-risk drinking rates were increasing. In 2017, patients experiencing depression symptoms had a higher smoking rate than did the general population; hypertension and diabetes patients had a higher risk-drinking rate than did the latter. The general population’s walking rate was highest. There were considerable variations by region among chronic disease patients. Conclusions Chronic disease patients displayed worse health behaviors than those of the general population, in some instances. Rather than focusing only on chronic disease patients’ medication adherence, strategies must be devised to increase their smoking cessation rate, decrease their drinking rate, and increase their walking rate.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Chronic Diseases and Activity-Limiting Disability among Roma and Non-Roma People: A Cross-Sectional, Census-Based Investigation

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincze ◽  
Földvári ◽  
Pálinkás ◽  
Sipos ◽  
Janka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Activity Limitations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Roma Ethnicity ◽  
Roma Health

The lack of recommended design for Roma health-monitoring hinders the interventions to improve the health status of this ethnic minority. We aim to describe the riskiness of Roma ethnicity using census-derived data and to demonstrate the value of census for monitoring the Roma to non-Roma gap. This study investigated the self-declared occurrence of at least one chronic disease and the existence of activity limitations among subjects with chronic disease by the database of the 2011 Hungarian Census. Risks were assessed by odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) from logistic regression analyses controlled for sociodemographic factors. Roma ethnicity is a risk factor for chronic diseases (OR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.16–1.18) and for activity limitation in everyday life activities (OR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.17–1.23), learning-working (OR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.21–1.27), family life (OR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.16–1.28), and transport (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01–1.06). The population-level impact of Roma ethnicity was 0.39% (95% CI: 0.37–0.41) for chronic diseases and varied between 0 and 1.19% for activity limitations. Our investigations demonstrated that (1) the Roma ethnicity is a distinct risk factor with significant population level impact for chronic disease occurrence accompanied with prognosis worsening influence, and that (2) the census can improve the Roma health-monitoring system, primarily by assessing the population level impact.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study on effect of non-communicable diseases on prevalent oral health conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aasim Farooq Shah ◽  
Irfan Ashraf Baba ◽  
Subha Soumya Dany ◽  
Manu Batra
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
General Health ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

Background: Non communicable diseases (NCDs) are defined as diseases of long duration, generally progress slowly and are the major cause of adult mortality and morbidity worldwide. NCDs mainly lead by four diseases which include: cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus (DM), cancers and chronic respiratory diseases. Poor oral health reflects the general health, and several oral diseases are related to chronic diseases. The aim and objectives was to find casual association between NCDs with oral disease and further aims to provide evidence to health care providers regarding the significance of oral health while treating the patients for NCDs.Methods: The present cross sectional study was conducted to examine the oral health status of patients with NCD reporting to Dental OPD of Government Dental College and Hospital, Srinagar.  This hospital based study done through a convenience sampling technique, using a questionnaire and oral examination. A self-administered questionnaire was written in English language and was also translated in local language, first part of questionnaire was used to collect the demographic details, second part was designed regarding the medication history, oral habits such as smoking and consumption of betel nuts, medical history and earlier visit to dentist, cleaning of teeth, significance of dental health and its effect on general health and the third part of questionnaire was completely based on dental examination. The data was entered manually on Microsoft excel and then analyzed on statistical package SPSS version 20. Associations between different variables were assessed through application of χ2. The Data was analyzed using SPSS Statistics 20.0.Results: The present study was established with a sample of 300 participants. Male to female ratio was 2:3. Mean age of the participants was 46.6 years. It was observed that out of the total patients who visited the dentist, 42% (n=126) suffered from some chronic disease. 61% (n=183) were oblivious of the importance of dental health. When inquired if oral health affects general health 58.6% (n= 176) acknowledged its importance. 59 participants who lost more than three teeth who had chronic disease, 58.6% (n=176) respondents presented with bleeding gums, 66.3% (n=199) with food deposition, 52% (n=158) had halitosis, 26% (n= 78) had oral ulceration, 22.3% (n=67).Conclusions: It was concluded from this study that majority of participants with chronic diseases had poor oral health which requires immediate attention from the medical practitioners as well as dentists should counsel patients for maintenance and promotion of oral health.

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