Development, validation, and pilot implementation of the minimum datasheet for a domestic violence registry system: The case of a developing country

Background Domestic violence (DV) is a universal issue and an important public health priority. Establishing a DV Registry System (DVRS) can help to systematically integrate data from several sources and provide valid and reliable information on the scope and severity of harms. The main objective of this study was to develop, validate, and pilot-test a minimum datasheet for a DVRS to register DV victims in medical facilities. Materials and methods This study was conducted in two main phases. Phase one includes developing the datasheet for registration of DV in the DVRS. In phase two, the datasheet designed in the previous step was used in a pilot implementation of the DVRS for 12 months to find practical challenges. The preliminary datasheet was first developed using information on similar registry programs and guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) and then reviewed by four expert panels. Through a two-round Delphi technique, experts evaluated the instrument using the Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR). The consistency of the responses was evaluated by test-retest analysis. Finally, two physicians in two forensic medical clinics registered the victims of physical and/or sexual violence perpetrated by a family member. Results Preliminary datasheet consisted of 31 items. In the first round of Delphi, fifteen items had good content validity (I-CVI and CVR) and were kept, and seven items were moved to the next round. Also, in the first round of Delphi, experts suggested adding three items, including history of the violence, custody of the child, and custody of the elderly. All items evaluated in the second round were kept due to good CVR and CVI scores. As a result of Test-retest correlation coefficients for self-reprted items, two items including perpetrator’s alcohol and drug use status were excluded (r(30) = +.43, and +.38, p< .01, two-tailed, respectively). Finally, 24 items were included in the datasheet including 15 items for individuals’ characteristics (victims’ characteristics and perpetrators’ characteristics), eight items for incidents’ characteristics, and one item for past history of violence experience. A total of 369 cases were registered from September 23, 2019, to July 21, 2020. The majority of the reported cases were female (82%) and were 19–40 years old. No physical and/or sexual violence was reported from rural areas, which calls upon researchers to explore how services for detecting and treating the victims can be made accessible to these areas. Conclusion DVRS can show trends in DV by age, sex, the context of the violence, and incidence characteristics at every point in time. This is particularly valuable in planning and prioritizing research areas and interventions for DV prevention. Additionally, DVRS can be linked to other disease registry programs which can contribute to continuity and coordination of care, and major research in the future. Although a DVRS can be a promising initiative in identifying the areas in need of urgent interventions, there is no guarantee for its proper implementation due to limited resources and other challenges.

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Risk factor assessment and screening for diabetes in field practice area of a private medical college in Thiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20173151 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (8) ◽

pp. 2670 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sathish Dev ◽

Timsi Jain ◽

Sivaprakasam P. ◽

Dinesh Raja

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

The Elderly ◽

World Health ◽

Chi Square ◽

Medical College ◽

Diabetes Status ◽

Field Practice

Background: Diabetes, which was known to be an epidemic in the urban areas, has been found to be increasing rapidly in the rural areas too as a result of the socioeconomic transitions. Diabetes is no longer only a disease of the elderly but is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality affecting youth and middle aged people.Methods: Screening camp for diabetes was conducted by the Department of Community Medicine in three different areas in the field practice area of Saveetha Medical College and Hospital viz. Thirumazhisai, Kuthambakkam and Velavedu in Thiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu on 7th April 2016 as a part of World Health Day 2016 celebration. Data was collected using a predesigned interview schedule. Descriptive statistics was calculated using rates, ratios & proportions. Univariate analysis was done using Chi square test to find the association between various factors and diabetes status. A parsimonious regression model was developed to find the predictor variables for diabetes.Results: A total of 188 people aged above 18 years attended the screening camps. Majority of the camp attendees were females (62.2%). Proportion of people having diabetes (already diagnosed plus newly screened) was found to be 18.1% out of which 3.2% were screened positive for diabetes. On regression analysis, Intake of alcohol and perceived stress were found to be significantly associated with diabetes (p<0.05).Conclusions: This study highlights a significant burden of undiagnosed cases of diabetes in the community. This indicates the need for systematic screening and awareness programs to identify the undiagnosed cases in the community and offer early life style modifications, treatment and regular follow up to such individuals.

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Evaluation of elderly patients with hearing impairment.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.10.4071 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (10) ◽

pp. 2154-2158

Author(s):

Syed Ali Naqi ◽

Syed Maisam Ali ◽

Arslan Akhtar ◽

Tabassum Aziz ◽

Tahira Sajid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hearing Impairment ◽

Past History ◽

Clinical History ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Variable Degree ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Detailed Clinical History ◽

History Of ◽

Study Setting

Hearing is decreased in later age is due to aging and is normally seen in most of the elderly people all over the world. Objectives: To ascertain the degree of hearing in elders in relation to age, pattern and extent of hearing weakness in old age so that interventional strategies can be planned to improve their wellbeing. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: ENT Outdoor Clinic of Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital of Islamabad Medical and Dental College, Bhara Kahu, Islamabad. Period: December 2017 to October 2018. Material & Methods: 200 patients were part of the study with age > 50 years and no past history of drug therapy. Data was gathered by detailed clinical history, clinical examination and audiometric findings. Result: 57% patients were found with normal hearing and 43% had variable degree of hearing deterioration. Highest number of hearing weakness was found in 9th decade. Most of hearing deterioration was found in both the ears and that of sensorineural in type. Conclusion: Sensorineural type of hearing impairment is very frequently occurring problem seen in the latter part of life in our community. The frequency and severity of decreased hearing is directly proportional to age.

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Determinants of Domestic Violence in Pakistan: A Qualitative and Econometric Analysis

Partner Abuse ◽

10.1891/pa-d-20-00006 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. PA-D-20-00006

Author(s):

Naeem Akram

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Household Head ◽

Working Women ◽

World Health ◽

Socioeconomic Indicators ◽

The Family ◽

Health Organization

Domestic violence exists in every country, irrespective of the culture, ethnicity, age, income, and education of the women. World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that approximately 35% of women worldwide had experienced sexual or physical violence. The present study has attempted to analyze the role of different socioeconomic indicators on the prevalence of domestic violence. In this regard, data of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2017–2018 has been used and logit models have been estimated. It has been found that women married below the age of 18; living in rural areas; have more children; whose mothers experienced violence; feared their husbands; with little to or no autonomy in decision-making; had a bank account; married outside of the family; and had not inherited any land or property were significantly more vulnerable victims of domestic violence. It has been found that women’s education, education of her husband, and exposure to media by creating awareness may protect women from domestic violence. Furthermore, working women are more likely to face domestic violence, but women who have started working before marriage are significantly less vulnerable victims of domestic violence. However, the age of women herself, the age of husband, age of household head and wealth of household, living in the nucleus or joint family, receiving any support from Benazir Income Support Program (BISP) have no significant role in determining the domestic violence in Pakistan.

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A Two-Year Experience of Gender-Based Violence at a Pioneer One Stop Crisis Center: Sukoon

Academic Forensic Pathology ◽

10.1177/1925362119892248 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3-4) ◽

pp. 172-180

Author(s):

Sunil Gambhir ◽

Akash Deep Aggarwal ◽

Aatika Mahajan ◽

Ritu Setiya

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Sexual Assault ◽

Sexual Violence ◽

Violence Against Women ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Special Focus ◽

Age Group ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

One Stop ◽

Gender Based

This paper examines violence against women, with a special focus on domestic violence, along with sexual violence and sexual assault, in multidimensional perspective for the period of two years so as to understand its magnitude and its impact on the rights of women in the northern part of India. Among all such cases, there were 57.2% cases of domestic violence, 20.3% cases of sexual violence and sexual assault, 17.8% cases of attempted poisoning, 1.5% cases of homicidal burns, and 1.2% cases of attempted suicide. The greatest number of cases was recorded during the spring, followed by summer. It was observed that the greatest number of cases (60.24%) was recorded under the homemaker (housewife) category of women followed by the working category (26.80%). The greatest number of cases is seen in the age group of 20 to 30 years (42.77%), followed by the age group of 30 to 40 years (23.49%). A slightly higher number of cases (51.20%) was reported from rural areas. The greatest number of cases was recorded under the domestic violence category. The second highest percentage of cases reported involved sexual violence and sexual assault. The greatest number of married cases had a duration of zero to ten years (43.37%), followed by the unmarried category (19.87%). With reference to duration of violence, the greatest number of cases is seen in the age group of zero to six months (32.53%). The greatest number of cases is seen under the no child category (40.96%). Regarding the alleged perpetrator, the greatest number of cases is seen under the husband category (23.79%), followed by unknown category (22.28%).

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Prevalence and risk factors of superficial fungal infections among primary school pupils in Ilorin, North Central Nigeria

Annals of African Medical Research ◽

10.4081/aamr.2020.100 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Louis Odeigah ◽

Stella Rotifa ◽

Rasaq Shittu ◽

Yahkub Mutalub

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Local Government ◽

Primary School ◽

Fungal Infection ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Past History ◽

Local Government Area ◽

History Of ◽

Primary School Pupils

Superficial fungal infections are common in the tropics particularly in the rural areas where children are predisposed. The causative organisms include dermatophytes, yeasts and non-dermatophyte moulds. To determine the prevalence and risk factors of superficial fungal infections among primary school pupils aged 5- 16 years in Oke-Oyi, Kwara State. A cross-sectional survey was carried out from April through July 2017 among 602 pupils aged 5-16 years in Oke-Oyi, Ilorin East Local Government Area of Kwara State. Out of the 602 pupils screened during the study, 180 pupils were suspected clinically to have superficial fungal infection and a total of 180 skin specimens were collected from the pupils. The prevalence of clinically suspected fungal infection was 29.9% (180/602), dermatophytes accounted for 16.7% (30/180), while non-dermatophyte moulds accounted for about half of the isolates, 51.7% (93/180). Some of the factors that were significantly associated with the risk of acquisition of dermatophytic infections include age, past history of similar lesions, over-crowding, normal sweat pattern and unkempt socks worn by the pupils among others. This study has shown that superficial fungal infections are common among pupils in Oke-Oyi in Ilorin East Local Government Area of Kwara State and the risk factors include among others, young age, past history of skin infections, overcrowding and unkempt socks worn by pupils. Therefore sociodemographic and behavioural factors influence the occurrence of superficial fungal infections in the study area.

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DEPRESSION  DEFINITION, HISTORY OF VIEWS, RECOGNITION

Polonia University Scientific Journal ◽

10.23856/3010 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 99-106

Author(s):

Barbara Szczygieł ◽

Bartosz Wanot ◽

Mariana Magerčiaková

Keyword(s):

Depressive Disorders ◽

The Elderly ◽

Chronic Fatigue ◽

The Body ◽

World Health ◽

Elderly Age ◽

History Of ◽

Health Organization ◽

Clinical Conditions ◽

Light Form

The concept of depression includes clinical conditions whose main disorder concerns mood or affect. Traditionally, this group includes depressive disorders, mania and submaniacal states, and anxiety disorders. A light form of depression is often unrecognized. The person feels chronic fatigue, weariness and discouragement to life. Depression caused by reactive factors is manifested by a smaller number of psychosomatic symptoms. According to the WHO (World Health Organization) report, by 2020 depression may become the second largest health risk after cardiovascular disease. The clinical picture of depression is dominated primarily by the depressed mood, which is felt by the patient as a state of gloom, resignation, and sadness. The patient is unable to experience joy, happiness and satisfaction. Anhedonia appears, or inability to feel any pleasures. A separate problem is the recognition of depression in the elderly age, when symptoms characteristic to depression are very often considered a normal manifestation of the body aging or as an inherent element of the somatic disease. Currently, it is estimated that as many as 40% of cases of depression in people over 65 remain undiagnosed.

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Age-friendly city: future perspectives for the Brazilian cities

Dementia & Neuropsychologia ◽

10.1590/1980-57642021dn15-030001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 295-298

Author(s):

Patricia de Oliveira Lopes ◽

Simone Rezende da Silva ◽

Tathianni Cristini da Silva ◽

Yara Dadalti Fragoso ◽

Angelina Zanesco

Keyword(s):

Elderly Population ◽

The Elderly ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Urban Spaces ◽

World Health ◽

World Population ◽

The World ◽

Two Cities ◽

History Of ◽

Health Organization

ABSTRACT The world population is aging fast and not all cities are prepared to cope with the needs of the elderly people. Cities need to develop strategies for senior citizens including the aspects of health, nutrition, consumer protection, housing, transportation, environment, social welfare, income, employment, safety, and education. The World Health Organization (WHO) created a program dedicated to older adults called the age-friendly city. This program is about creating the environment and opportunities that enable older people to be and do what they value throughout their lives. Most of the elderly population lives in urban spaces, and aging represents a challenge as well as opportunities to the cities all over the world. Recently, only 16 Brazilian cities have received the seal of international certification by meeting the requirements stipulated by the WHO. In the State of Sao Paulo, only two cities have been qualified for this seal. Therefore, the aims of this article are (a) to provide a brief history of this important initiative taken by the WHO and (b) to urge the decision-makers of Brazilian municipalities to develop effective initiatives for their cities to be prepared for this demographic modification.

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Disability, Frailty and Depression in the Community-dwelling Elderly with Osteosarcopenia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-27449/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ki-Soo Park ◽

Gyeong-Ye Lee ◽

Sung-Hyo Seo ◽

Young-Mi Seo ◽

Jun-Il Yoo

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Short Form ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

The Elderly ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Normal Group ◽

World Health ◽

Reference Level ◽

Common Disease

Abstract Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of osteosarcopenia in the over 60-year-old community and to evaluate whether osteosarcopenia is associated with disability, frailty and depression.Methods: This study was performed using the baseline data of Namgaram-2, which was developed to study the relationship between the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and activity limitations in the elderly in rural areas. Among the 1010 surveyed subjects, 885 study subjects who were 60 years or older and had all necessary tests performed were selected. The Kaigo-Yobo checklist was completed for diagnosis of frailty and the degree of disability in everyday life was evaluated by World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS). To understand the symptoms of depression in the elderly, the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form-Korean (GDSSF-K) was used. The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS 2019) were applied in this study. Sarcopenia was defined as SMI less than 7.0 kg/m2 in men and less than 5.4 kg/m2 in women. The maximum grip strength was used as a reference level, for men below 28 kg and for women below 18 kg. Osteopenia was measured using data from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and osteopenia was diagnosed when the T-score was less than -1.0.The study subjects were divided into four groups: the normal group, in which both sarcopenia and osteopenia were undiagnosed, osteopenia only, sarcopenia only and the osteosarcopenia group, which was diagnosed with both sarcopenia and osteopenia.Results: Of the 885 subjects over 60 years old evaluated, the normal group comprised 34.0%, the only osteopenia group 33.7%, the only sarcopenia group 13.1%, and the osteosarcopenia group 19.2%. WHODAS, Kaigo-Yobo, and GDSSF scores were statistically significantly higher in the osteosarcopenia group compared the other groups.Conclusions: Osteosarcopenia is a relatively common disease group in the elderly community that may cause deterioration of health outcomes. Therefore, when evaluating osteopenia or sarcopenia in the elderly, management of those in both disease groups should occur together.

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CODIS STR LOCI (CSF1PO, THOI, TPOX, vWA) GENETIC VARIATION ANALYSIS IN MADURESE

Folia Medica Indonesiana ◽

10.20473/fmi.v52i1.5196 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Ahmad Yudianto ◽

Agung Sosiawan ◽

Nola Margaret

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Nuclear Dna ◽

Past History ◽

Evolutionary Process ◽

Genetic Variations ◽

Nucleotide Substitutions ◽

The Past ◽

History Of ◽

Analytical Research ◽

Coordination And Collaboration

Endogamy continues to occur among the Madurese people in rural areas of the island of Madura, especially those areas of the smallest islands around the mainland of Madura. Endogamy as seen from a genetic standpoint will increase the frequency of homozygote genotypes. With regard to genetic variations, STRs of nuclear DNA and polymorphisms in mtDNA are frequently examined. Genetic variations in human undergo an evolutionary process through the accumulation of changes in DNA sequence, i.e. through the process of nucleotide substitutions that evolves in number with the directional development of lineage. So far, the genetic variations among the populations in Madura Island have not been known. The present study was an observational analytical research with the purpose of determining the genetic variations in STR CODIS in the populations of Madura Island. Results indicated that, based on loci alelle: CSF1PO, THOI, TPOX, and vWA, there was homozygote genotypes. The allele variations is not specific for Madurese ethnic but this variations may represent married model in Madurese ethnic. According to Mustama (2007), a gene pool is not only a collection of genes but a dynamic system organized and containing the past history of a population. Any genetic information has certain historical, anthropological and statistical aspects necessitating an interdisciplinary coordination and collaboration.

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COVID-19: Isolations, Quarantines and Domestic Violence in Rural Areas

SciMedicine Journal ◽

10.28991/scimedj-2020-0201-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 44-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Caio Augusto de Lima Augusto de Lima ◽

Paula Monikee Rezende Alves ◽

Carla Jaciara Baraúna De Oliveira ◽

Thaísa Rodrigues Nascimento De Oliveira ◽

Katricia Beatriz Barbosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Young Women ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

Abused Women ◽

Black Race ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The World ◽

History Of

It was argued that the coronavirus pandemic is likely to lead to an increase in the occurrence of domestic violence incidents against women, while victims are forced to quarantine at home with potentially abusive family members. In this context, it was found that women living in rural areas are at increased risk. In defining their vulnerability was observed least school years, black race and young age (young women) of raped and abused women. The spouse was also identified as the main aggressor, who practiced physical violence, with recurrence, within the victim's own residence, associated with the abusive use of alcoholic beverages. It has alerted the world to this problem and called attention to the need to promote strategies to protect women. It is known that women and men experience pandemics in different ways and those circumstances, in addition to strengthening situations of women's vulnerability, tend to aggravate family tensions, especially in families with a history of recurrent domestic violence.

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