scholarly journals Use of Metabolomics in Improving Assessment of Dietary Intake

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Guasch-Ferré ◽  
Shilpa N Bhupathiraju ◽  
Frank B Hu
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Metabolomics Data ◽  
Nutritional Metabolomics ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract BACKGROUND Nutritional metabolomics is rapidly evolving to integrate nutrition with complex metabolomics data to discover new biomarkers of nutritional exposure and status. CONTENT The purpose of this review is to provide a broad overview of the measurement techniques, study designs, and statistical approaches used in nutrition metabolomics, as well as to describe the current knowledge from epidemiologic studies identifying metabolite profiles associated with the intake of individual nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns. SUMMARY A wide range of technologies, databases, and computational tools are available to integrate nutritional metabolomics with dietary and phenotypic information. Biomarkers identified with the use of high-throughput metabolomics techniques include amino acids, acylcarnitines, carbohydrates, bile acids, purine and pyrimidine metabolites, and lipid classes. The most extensively studied food groups include fruits, vegetables, meat, fish, bread, whole grain cereals, nuts, wine, coffee, tea, cocoa, and chocolate. We identified 16 studies that evaluated metabolite signatures associated with dietary patterns. Dietary patterns examined included vegetarian and lactovegetarian diets, omnivorous diet, Western dietary patterns, prudent dietary patterns, Nordic diet, and Mediterranean diet. Although many metabolite biomarkers of individual foods and dietary patterns have been identified, those biomarkers may not be sensitive or specific to dietary intakes. Some biomarkers represent short-term intakes rather than long-term dietary habits. Nonetheless, nutritional metabolomics holds promise for the development of a robust and unbiased strategy for measuring diet. Still, this technology is intended to be complementary, rather than a replacement, to traditional well-validated dietary assessment methods such as food frequency questionnaires that can measure usual diet, the most relevant exposure in nutritional epidemiologic studies.

scholarly journals Diet and general cognitive ability in the UK Biobank dataset

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piril Hepsomali ◽  
John A. Groeger
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
General Cognitive Ability ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Uk

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that dietary interventions might have potential to be used as a strategy to protect against age-related cognitive decline and neurodegeneration, as there are associations between some nutrients, food groups, dietary patterns, and some domains of cognition. In this study, we aimed to conduct the largest investigation of diet and cognition to date, through systematically examining the UK Biobank (UKB) data to find out whether dietary quality and food groups play a role on general cognitive ability. This cross-sectional population-based study involved 48,749 participants. UKB data on food frequency questionnaire and cognitive function were used. Also, healthy diet, partial fibre intake, and milk intake scores were calculated. Adjusted models included age, sex, and BMI. We observed associations between better general cognitive ability and higher intakes of fish, and unprocessed red meat; and moderate intakes of fibre, and milk. Surprisingly, we found that diet quality, vegetable intake, high and low fibre and milk intake were inversely associated with general cognitive ability. Our results suggest that fish and unprocessed red meat and/or nutrients that are found in fish and unprocessed red meat might be beneficial for general cognitive ability. However, results should be interpreted in caution as the same food groups may affect other domains of cognition or mental health differently. These discrepancies in the current state of evidence invites further research to examine domain-specific effects of dietary patterns/food groups on a wide range of cognitive and affective outcomes with a special focus on potential covariates that may have an impact on diet and cognition relationship.

scholarly journals Clustering of Dietary Patterns and Lifestyles Among Spanish Children in the EsNuPI Study †

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2536
Author(s):  
Julio Plaza-Díaz ◽  
Esther Molina-Montes ◽  
María José Soto-Méndez ◽  
Casandra Madrigal ◽  
Ángela Hernández-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Food Groups

Dietary patterns (DPs) are known to be tied to lifestyle behaviors. Understanding DPs and their relationships with lifestyle factors can help to prevent children from engaging in unhealthy dietary practices. We aimed to describe DPs in Spanish children aged 1 to <10 years and to examine their associations with sociodemographic and lifestyle variables. The consumption of toddler and young children milk formulas, enriched and fortified milk within the Spanish pediatric population is increasing, and there is a lack of evidence whether the consumption of this type of milk is causing an impact on nutrient intakes and if they are helping to reach the nutrient recommendations. Within the Nutritional Study in the Spanish Pediatric Population (EsNuPI), we considered two study cohorts and three different age groups in three year-intervals in each of them. The study cohort included 740 children in a representative sample of the urban non-vegan Spanish population and 772 children in a convenience cohort of adapted milk consumers (AMS) (including follow-on formula, toddler’s milk, growing up milk, and fortified and enriched milks) who provided information about sociodemographics, lifestyle, and dietary habits; a food frequency questionnaire was used for the latter. Principal component analysis was performed to identify DPs from 18 food groups. Food groups and sociodemographic/lifestyle variables were combined through a hierarchical cluster algorithm. Three DPs predominated in every age group and study sample: a palatable energy-dense food dietary pattern, and two Mediterranean-like DPs. However, children from the AMS showed a predominant dietary pattern markedly related to the Mediterranean diet, with high consumption of cereals, fruits and vegetables, as well as milk and dairy products. The age of children and certain lifestyle factors, namely level of physical activity, parental education, and household income, correlated closely with the dietary clusters. Thus, the findings provide insight into designing lifestyle interventions that could reverse the appearance of unhealthy DPs in the Spanish child population.

Unhealthy dietary patterns are related to low ceruloplasmin in female nurses

2019 ◽  
Vol 166 (5) ◽  
pp. 307-311
Author(s):  
Karolin Abashzadeh ◽  
M Abshirini ◽  
F Siassi ◽  
M Qorbani ◽  
F Koohdani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Female Nurses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background and objectiveFew studies have examined the relationship between dietary patterns and antioxidant status. We aimed to explore the association between major dietary patterns and oxidative stress biomarkers including serum protein carbonyl (PC), ceruloplasmin and total antioxidant capacity (TAC).MethodIn this cross-sectional study, we randomly selected 320 female nurses aged 20–45 years. General information of participants was collected by trained interviewers. Their weight and height were measured and dietary intakes were determined by the 147-food-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were derived by principal component analysis of yielding 25 food groups. In this study, 90 subjects were randomly selected from all participants with serum levels of PC, ceruloplasmin and TAC measured further. To determine the association between dietary patterns’ score and oxidative stress biomarkers, multiple linear regression analysis was conducted.ResultsThree dietary patterns were derived: healthy, unhealthy and traditional. After adjusting for several confounding factors, the unhealthy dietary pattern was inversely related to the serum concentration of ceruloplasmin and PC (p<0.05). The relationship between other dietary patterns and antioxidant biomarkers was not significant.ConclusionsAccording to the results of this study, unhealthy dietary patterns may have an adverse effect on serum ceruloplasmin.

Abstract P358: Assessing Global Dietary Habits: A Comparison of National Estimates from the Food and Agricultural Organization and the Global Dietary Database

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana C Del Gobbo ◽  
Shahab Khatibzadeh ◽  
Renata Micha ◽  
Dariush Mozaffarian ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Nested Models ◽  
Correction Equations ◽  
Agricultural Organization

Background: Accurate data on dietary habits are crucial for understanding impacts on disease and informing policy priorities. National food availability estimates from the UN Food & Agricultural Organization (FAO) have been widely used as the only global data available, but with uncertain validity. Objective: To investigate the validity of FAO data compared to nationally representative data on individual-based dietary intakes from the Global Dietary Database (GDD). Methods: We compared 30 y (1980-2010) of FAO food supply data, comprising 101 food items/y, matched to corresponding GDD survey data for113 countries across major food groups, including fruits & fruit juices, vegetables, beans & legumes, nuts & seeds, whole grains, red & processed meats, fish & seafood, milk, and total energy. Absolute and percent differences in FAO-GDD country-year pairs were compared using t-tests. Statistical significance of heterogeneity was tested using likelihood ratio tests comparing nested models with and without interaction terms. Correction equations were developed and validated using randomly split datasets, using multivariate regression for FAO estimates as predictors of GDD results. Results: FAO estimates substantially overestimated individual-based dietary intakes for all food groups except beans & legumes ( p <0.0001) and nuts & seeds ( p <0.05). Modest heterogeneity in estimation was evident by age (Figure),sex, diet assessment method, and survey representativeness; substantial heterogeneity was observed by world region for all food groups ( p <0.01). Results for split-data correction equations to be presented. Conclusion: For most food groups, FAO estimates were substantially different than individual-based national surveys, with significant heterogeneity according to several factors. Future national and global dietary analyses should rely on individual-based national survey data or multivariable-corrected FAO data for accurate assessment of undernutrition, disease burdens, and relevant policy.

scholarly journals Intake of dietary iron is low in patients with Crohn's disease: a case–control study

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda C. E. Lomer ◽  
Kamelia Kodjabashia ◽  
Carol Hutchinson ◽  
Simon M. Greenfield ◽  
Richard P. H. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Abdominal Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk

Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) often experience Fe deficiency (ID) and frequently alter their diet to relieve abdominal symptoms. The present study set out to assess whether patients with CD have dietary habits that lead to low Fe intakes and/or reduced bioavailable Fe compared with control subjects. Patients with asymptomatic CD were matched to controls (n91/group). Dietary intakes of Fe and contributions from different food groups were compared using a 7 d food diary. Promoters and inhibitors of non-haem Fe absorption were investigated and a recently published algorithm was applied to assess bioavailable Fe. Fewer patients than controls met the reference nutrient intake for Fe (32 % CD patientsv. 42 % controls). Overall, patients had significantly lower mean Fe intakes (by 2·3 mg/d) and Fe density (by 0·26 mg/MJ (1·1 mg/1000 kcal)) compared with controls (bothP<0·001). Differences were mainly due to a preference among CD patients for low-fibre non-Fe fortified cereals, particularly breakfast cereals. In particular, control subjects had higher Fe intakes than matched CD subjects for men (P<0·001) and women less than 50 years (P=0·03). Intakes of both ascorbic acid (P<0·001) and phytic acid (P<0·01), but not animal tissue (P=1·0), were lower in patients with CD, but these had no overall effect on the predicted percentage of bioavailable Fe. Thus total bioavailable Fe was reduced in patients with CD due to lower intakes (P<0·01). Dietary Fe intakes are low in CD patients, which may contribute to an increased risk of ID and anaemia. Changing dietary advice may compromise perceived symptoms of the disease so the need for Fe supplementation should be carefully considered.

scholarly journals The Role of Specific Components of a Plant-Based Diet in Management of Dyslipidemia and the Impact on Cardiovascular Risk

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elke A. Trautwein ◽  
Sue McKay
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Diet Patterns ◽  
The Impact

Convincing evidence supports the intake of specific food components, food groups, or whole dietary patterns to positively influence dyslipidemia and to lower risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Specific macro- and micro-components of a predominantly plant-based dietary pattern are vegetable fats, dietary fibers, and phytonutrients such as phytosterols. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding effects of these components on lowering blood lipids, i.e., low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and on reducing CVD risk. The beneficial role of a plant-based diet on cardiovascular (CV) health has increasingly been recognized. Plant-based dietary patterns include a Mediterranean and Nordic diet pattern, the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH), and Portfolio diet, as well as vegetarian- or vegan-type diet patterns. These diets have all been found to lower CVD-related risk factors like blood LDL-C, and observational study evidence supports their role in lowering CVD risk. These diet patterns are not only beneficial for dyslipidemia management and prevention of CVD but further contribute to reducing the impact of food choices on environmental degradation. Hence, the CV health benefits of a predominantly plant-based diet as a healthy and environmentally sustainable eating pattern are today recommended by many food-based dietary as well as clinical practice guidelines.

The association between lunch composition and obesity in Iranian adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Zahra Akbarzade ◽  
Kurosh Djafarian ◽  
Nasim Saeidifard ◽  
Shabnam Aliakbari Majd ◽  
Nazila Garousi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Principal Component Factor Analysis ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio

Abstract We aimed to assess the dietary composition of lunch meal using a posteriori derived dietary patterns and to determine the association of lunch composition with obesity in a sample of Iranian adults. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 850 men and women in Tehran (aged 20-59 y). Dietary intakes were assessed using three 24-h dietary recalls, and dietary patterns were identified via principal component factor analysis. For each identified pattern, scores were calculated for each participant and then classified into tertiles. Central obesity was defined WHO criteria. General obesity was defined as a body mass index of more than 30 kg/m2. Three major dietary patterns were identified at lunch meal using 12 food groups: “Bread, grains and fat”, “Western”, and “Potato and eggs”. After adjustment for potential confounders, participants at the top tertile of the “Bread, grains and fat” dietary pattern had greater odds for a higher waist to hip ratio, compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR, 1.44; 95% CI: 1.01 to 2.07). However, we found no association between ‘Western or ‘“potato and eggs” patterns and waist to hip ratio (OR 0.89, 95% CI: 0.62 to 1.28 and OR 1.16, 95% CI: 0.69 to 1.42, respectively). None of the identified dietary patterns was associated when defining obesity with waist circumference or body mass index. In conclusion, participants had a greater chance of central obesity defined based on waist to hip ratio following a lunchtime pattern with a higher and positive loading factor for “Bread, grains and fat”.

Dietary Patterns of Patients: With Advanced Lung or Colorectal Cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. e298-e303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla M. M. Prado ◽  
Jessica R. Lieffers ◽  
Gabriella Bergsten ◽  
Marina Mourtzakis ◽  
Vickie E. Baracos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Regional Cancer Centre

The purpose of this study was to identify dietary patterns among patients with advanced cancer. Differences between cancer groups are described, and food groups contributing higher proportions to overall caloric intake are identified. Patients with advanced cancer (n=51) were recruited from a regional cancer centre and completed a three-day dietary record. Food items were categorized according to macronutrient content. After adjustment for body weight, substantial variation in energy intake was observed (range: 13.7 to 55.4 kcal/kg/day). For 49% of patients, protein intake was below recommendations. Overall, patients consumed the largest proportion of their calories from meat (16%), other foods (11%), dessert (9%), fruit (9%), white bread (7%), and milk (7%). Only 5% of patients consumed meal replacement supplements. The results of this descriptive study provide important insights into the dietary habits of patients with advanced cancer. These insights could be translated into the development of effective recommendations for maintaining or improving health and quality of life.

scholarly journals Exploring the Diets of Adults with Obesity and Type II Diabetes from Nine Diverse Countries: Dietary Intakes, Patterns, and Quality

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2027
Author(s):  
Jade Willey ◽  
Marian Wakefield ◽  
Heidi J. Silver
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Inadequate Glycemic Control ◽  
High Calorie

Background: Calorie-dense diet is a main driver of the global epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). While various dietary strategies and patterns are efficacious in reducing risk and improving glycemic control, dietary intake and diet quality have been inadequately studied among individuals who remain living in their native environments. There is also little published on dietary patterns of diverse ethnic, cultural, or regional populations. Objective: To explore dietary intakes, patterns and overall diet quality in adults with obesity and T2DM from diverse countries. We hypothesized that individuals sharing a common clinical phenotype (age, BMI, years since T2DM diagnosis and inadequate glycemic control) would demonstrate comparable high calorie “western” dietary patterns and low diet quality despite differences in geographic regions and cultures. Design: Diet data were acquired from 611 adults in Argentina, Germany, Poland, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey and the USA via three 24-h diet recalls. Contribution of 168 foods to 14 primary food groups was confirmed by Spearman’s rank-order correlations and Principle Component Factor Analysis identified dietary patterns. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index 2015. Results: Eleven dietary patterns were extracted; the most common were a “Mediterranean-like” pattern shared by six countries and a “Calorie Dense” pattern shared by five countries. Also common were “Lacto-Vegetarian, “Pesco-Vegetarian,” and “Vegan” patterns. Only 2.1% of subjects had good diet quality (HEI-2015 score >80). Conclusions: The diet pattern data suggest that influences of more traditional region-specific diets remain. However, overall diet quality was poor and may contribute to inadequate glycemic control, possibly due to excess intake of high calorie/nutrient poor foods, which may be associated with global transitions occurring in the available food supply.

scholarly journals Do Norwegians with diabetes have a healthier diet than the general population?

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Aas ◽  
Lars Johansson ◽  
Kirsti Bjerkan ◽  
Nina Lorentsen ◽  
Ingrid Løvold Mostad
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Comparison Results

Objective: Review current knowledge about dietary habits among people with diabetes in Norway compared with the general population and nutrient- and food-based dietary recommendations. Method: Baseline dietary data from four intervention studies in subjects with type 2 diabetes, were merged (n=92) and compared with data extracted from a nationwide dietary survey, NORKOST, where participants with diabetes (n=115) were compared with a gender and age matched control group (n=575). A validated food frequency questionnaire was used for dietary assessment. An overview of previously published data from two studies among young people with type 1 diabetes was included for comparison. Results: Subjects with diabetes had an intake of carbohydrates in the lower recommended range and lower than the controls, which was reflected in a lower intake of added sugar, sweets, potatoes, sugar-sweetened beverages, and fruit juices. Subjects with diabetes had a fiber intake which was similar or higher than controls, but below the recommended intake. They reported a higher proportion of energy from protein and fat than controls, reflecting the higher intake of meat, fish, edible fats, and high-fat meat products. There was a higher intake of vegetables, fruits and whole grain among subjects with diabetes compared with controls, but also a higher intake of red meat. Conclusion: Compared with the recommendations, people with diabetes had a low intake of carbohydrates and a high intake of protein and fat, but they made more healthy choices regarding intake of selected food groups compared with the control groups.

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