scholarly journals Evaluation of Antimicrobial, Thrombolytic and CNS-Depressant Activities of Three Medicinal Plants Available in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 2162-2166
Author(s):  
Fatema Tabassum ◽  
Amena Akther Akhi ◽  
Mukta Akter Chumki ◽  
Lioyaja Rahman ◽  
Furhatun -Noor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Thrombolytic Activity ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Cns Depressant ◽  
Cns Depressant Activity

The aim of the present study was to explore antimicrobial, thrombolytic and CNS-depressant activity of three medicinal plants Plumbago zeylanica, Trewia nudiflora and Aphanamixis polystachya available in Bangladesh. At room temperature, the plant parts were subjected to cold extraction with methanol, giving rise to concentrated methanolic extracts (MEF) followed by fractionation applying revised Kupchan partitioning procedure to obtain different soluble fractions namely to hexene fraction (HXF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), chloroform fraction (CLF) and aqueous fraction (AQF). To study the antimicrobial activity of these fractions, the disc diffusion method was used, where kenamycin was used as standard. Thrombolytic potential was determined by investigating clot rupture (% clot lysis) for this purpose streptokinase was employed as the positive control whereas water was the negative control. For the evaluation of CNS depressant activity, the open-field method was utilized and diazepam was chosen as the reference standard. Among the three plants, the crude methanolic fraction of P. zeylanica demonstrated good antimicrobial action over the majority of the bacterial strains assayed and the crude methanolic extract exhibited the maximum antimicrobial activity against S. aeruginosa (zone of inhibition was 23.46 ± 2.19 mm). The chloroform fraction of T. nudiflora showed the highest thrombolytic activity (43.45 ± 2.12% clot lysis). It was observed that the four extracts from the plants under investigation had CNS depressant activity. Particularly, the aqueous fraction of P. zeylanica (12.00 ± 0.913); n-hexane fraction of T. nudiflora (09.75±0.854) and A. polystachya (08.50 ± 0.645) demonstrated consistently significant CNS depressant activity, in terms of the number of squares crossed at 120 min; producing a prominent decrease in the measurement of movement.

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of 80% Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions of Urtica simensis Hochst. ex. A. Rich. (Urticaceae) Leaves against Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-108
Author(s):  
Fentaye Kassa ◽  
Teshome Nedi ◽  
Aklilu Feleke ◽  
Tadesse Eguale ◽  
Haile Alemayehu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Medicinal plants have been used for the treatment of infectious diseases since a long time. Urtica simensisHochst. ex. A. Rich. is one of the endemic medicinal plants used for the treatment of bacterial and fungalinfections in Ethiopian folklore medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activityof 80% methanol extract and solvent fractions of the leaves of U. simensis. The 80% methanol extract wasprepared by maceration and the solvent fractions were obtained by successive fractionation of the 80%methanol extract with chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and distilled water. The antimicrobial activity ofthe extracts was evaluated on eight bacterial and two fungal species using agar well diffusion method atconcentrations of 200, 400 and 800 mg/ml. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined bybroth microdilution method. From the gram positive bacteria tested, the most susceptible species wasStreptococcus pneumoniae (MIC of 1.36 mg/ml), while Klebsiella pneumoniae and Aspergillus niger weremost susceptible gram negative bacterial and fungal species with MIC values of 2.54 and 3.13 mg/ml,respectively. The least values of MIC, MBC and MFC were 1.36, 5.21 and 6.25 mg/ml, respectively. Resultsof the present study revealed that the 80% methanol extract and solvent fractions, of the leaves of U.simensis, with the exception of the aqueous fraction, possess activity against the growth of selected pathogenic bacterial and fungal species. Among the solvent fractions, the n-butanol fraction was the most active fraction against the gram positive bacteria tested, while the ethyl acetate fraction was the most active fraction against the other tested organisms. Further studies are needed to isolate the active principles, elucidate the mechanism of antimicrobial action, determine in vivo antimicrobial activity and effect of the extracts on other pathogens including clinical isolates.

scholarly journals In-vitro Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Fritillaria delavayi

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijaya L Maharjan ◽  
Hari K Devkota ◽  
Bikash Baral
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Methanol Fraction ◽  
Aqueous Fraction

Fritillaria delavayi Franch is one of the medicinal plants used in traditional medical system for ailment of various diseases. But scientific study of the plant has been less carried out for which the study was conducted for validation of prevailing medical practice. The soxhlet extraction of the bulbs of plant were conducted in various solvents (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and water) differing in polarity. Maximum yield (6.79%) was obtained in aqueous fraction and lowest (0.14%) in ethyl acetate fraction. The phytochemical screening of extracts revealed the presence of volatile oil, glycosides, sterol and triterpenes, polyoses, saponins, reducing compounds, quinones, flavonic glycosides and coumarins. In antimicrobial assay conducted by agar well diffusion method, chloroform fraction was found to be more effective towards bacterial and fungal pathogens tested, followed by ethyl acetate and methanol fraction. The hexane and aqueous fractions were found to be least effective against all the tested pathogens. Among the bacterial pathogens, maximum inhibition zone was depicted against Klebsiella pneumoniae (22 mm) by chloroform extracts while among the fungal pathogens, greatest inhibition activity was observed against Fusarium moniliforme (19 mm). The antimicrobial activity of extracts suggested potential use of the plant in treatment of various diseases.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6484 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 85-90 

scholarly journals Phytochemical investigation and in vitro antimicrobial activity of Richardia scabra

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathirvel Poonkodi ◽  
Subban Ravi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Agar Plug ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Simple Sugar

<p class="Abstract">The present study was aimed to evaluate the phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of the petroleum ether and methanol extracts from the mature leaves of <em>Richardia scabra</em> from India. Disc diffusion method was used to determine the zone inhibition of the tested samples for antibacterial and agar plug method was used to determine the antifungal activity, while the microtube-dilution technique was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. Both extracts showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities when tested against 10 bacterial and four fungal strains. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the methanol extract of<em> R. scabra</em> ranged between 12.5–100 μg/mL for bacterial strains. Alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, fatty acids, terpenoids and simple sugar were detected as phytoconstituents of extracts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report against antimicrobial activity of common weed species <em>R. scabra</em> found in India.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Tecoma stans and Abutilon indicum Leaves: An In vitro Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 609-615
Author(s):  
M. Binigha ◽  
R. Gayatri Devi ◽  
J. Selavaraj ◽  
A. Jothi Priya
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
The Family ◽  
Abutilon Indicum

Tecoma stans is a flowering plant belonging to the family Bignoniaceae. It is the floral emblem of the Bahamas. Abutilon indicum belongs to the family Malvaceae. It is also called Indian Mallow. Tecoma stans and Abutilon indicumhave antimicrobial activity and can be used in producing antibiotics. There is an urgent need to produce new antibiotics as there is an increase in the development of pathogen resistant drugs. The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Tecoma stansand Abutilonindicum leaves. E.faecalis bacteria were maintained in nutrient agar slopes. The powder of the two herbs, were subjected to extraction by Soxhlet extractor and was concentrated to dry residue by Agar well diffusion method. The nutrient broth was inoculated with bacterial strains. The culture was adjusted to 0.5McFarland turbidity standard. Lawn culture was done in Muller-Hinton agar plate and then the plates were dried. A 6 mm diameter well is bored for different concentrations. The extracts were introduced into the well and allowed to stand for 24 hrs. The antibacterial activity was determined by measuring the zone of inhibition. The present finding on the antimicrobial potential of Abutilon indicum and Tecoma stands showed that the two plants have growth inhibitory activity against oral pathogen E. faecalis. Abutilon indicum has a zone of inhibition greater than Tecoma stans. Abutilon indicum exhibited better activity compared to Tecoma stans.

In vitro antimicrobial and preliminary phytochemical screening of some Samburu Anti‐diarrhoeal medicinal plants ‐ Kenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 217-226
Author(s):  
E. O. Omwenga ◽  
P. O. Okemo ◽  
P. K. Mbugua
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Local Isolate ◽  
Agar Disc

The antimicrobial effect of some selected Samburu medicinal plants was evaluated on bacterial strains like Staphylococcus aureus ‐ ATCC 20591, Bacillus subtillis ‐ Local isolate, Salmonella typhi‐ATCC 2202, Escherichia coli‐STD. 25922 and Pseudomonas aeroginosa ‐ ATCC 25852 and fungal strains like Candida albicans ATCC EK138, Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404, Aspergillusflavus‐Local isolate, Fusarium lateritium‐Local isolate, and Penicillium spp.‐ local isolate. Methanol was used as solvent for the extraction from the selected medicinal plants used by the Samburu community. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was performed by agar disc diffusion and micro‐dilution technique. The most susceptible Gram‐positive bacterium was S. aureus, while the most susceptible Gram‐negative bacterium was P. aeroginosa. The extracts of Gomphocarpus fruticosus (L) W.T. Aiton showed less activity against the bacterial strains investigated. The most active antibacterial plants were Euphorbia scarlatica S. Carter, and Euclea divinoram Hiern. Incidentally most of the extracts were inactive against the fungal strains with only a few proving to be slightly active against the C. albicans i.e. Loranthus acaciae Zucc., Kedrostis pseudogijef (Gilg) C. Jeffrey, Euclea divinoram Hiern. and Croton macrostachyus (A. Rich). Benths. The significant antimicrobial activity of active extracts was compared with the standard antimicrobials, cefrodoxima, amoxicillin and fluconazole. The MICs of the most active plants ranged from 18.75mg/ml to 37.50mg/ml. The MBCs ranged between 18.75mg/ml to75mg/ml. These results were significant at P< 0.01. The findings show that most of the medicinal plants used by the Samburu community have some significant activity on the bacterial but not fungal pathogens known to cause diarrhoea.

scholarly journals The First Report on Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kit. Extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2091503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordana S. Stojanović ◽  
Jovana D. Ickovski ◽  
Aleksandra S. Đorđević ◽  
Goran M. Petrović ◽  
Katarina D. Stepić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
First Report ◽  
Main Compound ◽  
Artemisia Scoparia

Volatiles of diethyl ether extract (DE), ethyl acetate extract (EE), and hexane extract (HE) of Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kit. were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In both DE and EE, the main compound was scoparone (24.0% and 86.1%, respectively) while in the HE, alkanes were dominant with nonacosane as the most represented (19.4%). Antimicrobial activity was tested against 4 bacterial strains and 1 fungal strain using disc-diffusion method. Tested samples were inactive against Gram-negative bacteria and they exhibited activity against Gram-positive bacteria and yeast Candida albicans. This is the first report on the chemical composition of volatile components and antimicrobial activity of DE, EE, and HE of A. scoparia Waldst. et Kit.

Antibacterial, Antifungal and Anti-tubercular Activities of Chloroform Fraction of the Leaf Extract of Irvingia Gabonensis (African Bush Mango)

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Ifedolapo O. Olanrewaju ◽  
Raphael C. Mordi ◽  
JohnBull O. Echeme
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Bush Mango ◽  
Irvingia Gabonensis

Background: The prevalence of anti-drug resistance by disease causing microorganisms has necessitated the search for alternative sources of drugs for the treatment of the ailments caused by these microorganisms. This study examines the biological properties of extracts from the leaves of Irvingia gabonensis (bush mango). Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the anti-microbial activity of chloroform fraction of the leaf extract and compare it with that of clinical reference. Methods: Antimicrobial activity of the chloroform fraction of the leaf extract of Irvingia gabonensis was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella paratyphi, Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum by using the agar well diffusion method and Mycobacterium tuberculosis using agar proportion method on Lowenstein–Jensen medium. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the chloroform leaf fraction was done using qualitative standard methods. Results: This showed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, tannins, coumarin, phenol and alkaloids. Organisms were susceptible to chloroform fraction at different concentrations. The lowest MIC value obtained was 0.625mg/mL for S. aureus and S. typhi. While, five out of seven mycobacterial strains that were used, were susceptible. Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity is a result of the phytochemicals present in leaf. Therefore, we conclude that Irvingia gabonensis leaves can be used in the development of new pharmaceuticals research activities such as drug production.

scholarly journals Screening of the antimicrobial activity of marine sponge extracts from Martinique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Piron ◽  
Jessica Pastour ◽  
Niklas Tysklind ◽  
Juliette Smith-Ravin ◽  
Fabienne Priam
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Staphylococcus Saprophyticus

AbstractMarine sponges are known for their antimicrobial, antifungal, and cytotoxic activity. In this study, the activity of aqueous and ethanoic extracts of 3 sponges from Martinique were tested on 5 bacterial strains: Bascillus cereus (CIP 783), Echerichia coli (CIP 54127), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CIP A22), Staphylococcus aureus (CIP 67.8) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (CIP 76125). The antimicrobial activity of Agelas clathrodes, Desmapsamma anchorata, and Verongula rigida, was demonstrated using the disc diffusion method and by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration. The ethanoic extract of Agelas clathrodes had an inhibitory activity specifically on Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. No activity was observed for the other extracts. Further chemical analyses will be carried out in order to identify the active molecules of these sponges.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LUDWIGIA PARVIFLORA L. AGAINST STANDARD BACTERIAL STRAINS AND COMPARISON OF ITS ACTIVITY WITH THAT OF STANDARD ANTIBIOTICS

2019 ◽  
pp. 430-432
Author(s):  
SHIBU GEORGE ◽  
MEVLIN JOY
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
The Common ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract of Ludwigia parviflora L. using standard bacterial strains and compare its activity with that of standard antibiotics. Methods: The antibacterial activity and antibiotic susceptibility tests were done by disk diffusion method using MTCC bacterial strains. Results: The study revealed that the methanolic extract of the whole plant of L. parviflora L. was effective to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. Among the tested strains, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and E. coli were more susceptible to the methanolic extract of L. parviflora than the commonly using antibiotic tetracycline 30 mcg. The activity of methanolic extract was also higher than the activity of gentamicin 10 mcg against the P. aeruginosa. Conclusion: The study concluded that the crude methanolic extract of the whole plant of L. parviflora L. is a good source for antibacterial agent against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and E. coli. Hence, this plant can be used as a natural alternative to the common antibiotics such as gentamicin and tetracycline against common bacterial infections after validating its pharmacological and toxicological activities.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Study and Biological Activities of Two Medicinal Plants used in Burkina Faso: Lannea velutina A. Rich (Anacardiaceae) and Ximenia americana L. (Olacaceae)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dramane Pare ◽  
Jotham Yhi-pênê N’do ◽  
Samson Guenne ◽  
Mahamadi Nikiema ◽  
Adama Hilou
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Ximenia Americana ◽  
Study Laboratory

Background: Bacterial infections are at the origin of a number of serious pathologies, including meningitis, bronchopneumopathies, typhoid fever and especially diarrhea, which are still a real public health problem for the child population in developing countries. In most of these countries, people use medicinal plants for primary health care. The objective of this study was to determine the content of phenolic compounds, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of extracts from two plants used in traditional medicine in Burkina Faso, Lannea velutina and Ximenia americana. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Chemistry (LABIOCA). Methods: The total phenolics and flavonoid content of the ethanolic extract extracts were determined by spectrometric assay. The DPPH and FRAP method were used to measure the antioxidant capacity of the extracts. The antibacterial potential was determined on five bacterial strains. Results: The ethanolic extracts of Lannea velutina showed the best polyphenol content with 969.67±8.23 ​​mgGAE/g extract against 753.145917±66.31 mgGAE/g extract for Ximenia americana. On the DPPH radical Ximenia americana gave the best activity with a percentage inhibition of 62.32±0.17% compared to Lannea velutina. This species also gave the best reducing activity with a reducing capacity of 3.45±0.97 mmol EAA/10 g of extract. Shigella dysenteria and Staphylococcus aureus were susceptible to Lannea velutina and Ximenia americana with inhibition diameters greater than 8 mm. Conclusion: These results showed that the extract has good antioxidant potential as well as antimicrobial activity. These extracts could be used to prevent damage from oxidative stress and infections.

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