scholarly journals Phytochemical Study and Biological Activities of Two Medicinal Plants used in Burkina Faso: Lannea velutina A. Rich (Anacardiaceae) and Ximenia americana L. (Olacaceae)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dramane Pare ◽  
Jotham Yhi-pênê N’do ◽  
Samson Guenne ◽  
Mahamadi Nikiema ◽  
Adama Hilou
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Ximenia Americana ◽  
Study Laboratory

Background: Bacterial infections are at the origin of a number of serious pathologies, including meningitis, bronchopneumopathies, typhoid fever and especially diarrhea, which are still a real public health problem for the child population in developing countries. In most of these countries, people use medicinal plants for primary health care. The objective of this study was to determine the content of phenolic compounds, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of extracts from two plants used in traditional medicine in Burkina Faso, Lannea velutina and Ximenia americana. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Chemistry (LABIOCA). Methods: The total phenolics and flavonoid content of the ethanolic extract extracts were determined by spectrometric assay. The DPPH and FRAP method were used to measure the antioxidant capacity of the extracts. The antibacterial potential was determined on five bacterial strains. Results: The ethanolic extracts of Lannea velutina showed the best polyphenol content with 969.67±8.23 ​​mgGAE/g extract against 753.145917±66.31 mgGAE/g extract for Ximenia americana. On the DPPH radical Ximenia americana gave the best activity with a percentage inhibition of 62.32±0.17% compared to Lannea velutina. This species also gave the best reducing activity with a reducing capacity of 3.45±0.97 mmol EAA/10 g of extract. Shigella dysenteria and Staphylococcus aureus were susceptible to Lannea velutina and Ximenia americana with inhibition diameters greater than 8 mm. Conclusion: These results showed that the extract has good antioxidant potential as well as antimicrobial activity. These extracts could be used to prevent damage from oxidative stress and infections.

In vitro antimicrobial and preliminary phytochemical screening of some Samburu Anti‐diarrhoeal medicinal plants ‐ Kenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 217-226
Author(s):  
E. O. Omwenga ◽  
P. O. Okemo ◽  
P. K. Mbugua
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Local Isolate ◽  
Agar Disc

The antimicrobial effect of some selected Samburu medicinal plants was evaluated on bacterial strains like Staphylococcus aureus ‐ ATCC 20591, Bacillus subtillis ‐ Local isolate, Salmonella typhi‐ATCC 2202, Escherichia coli‐STD. 25922 and Pseudomonas aeroginosa ‐ ATCC 25852 and fungal strains like Candida albicans ATCC EK138, Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404, Aspergillusflavus‐Local isolate, Fusarium lateritium‐Local isolate, and Penicillium spp.‐ local isolate. Methanol was used as solvent for the extraction from the selected medicinal plants used by the Samburu community. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was performed by agar disc diffusion and micro‐dilution technique. The most susceptible Gram‐positive bacterium was S. aureus, while the most susceptible Gram‐negative bacterium was P. aeroginosa. The extracts of Gomphocarpus fruticosus (L) W.T. Aiton showed less activity against the bacterial strains investigated. The most active antibacterial plants were Euphorbia scarlatica S. Carter, and Euclea divinoram Hiern. Incidentally most of the extracts were inactive against the fungal strains with only a few proving to be slightly active against the C. albicans i.e. Loranthus acaciae Zucc., Kedrostis pseudogijef (Gilg) C. Jeffrey, Euclea divinoram Hiern. and Croton macrostachyus (A. Rich). Benths. The significant antimicrobial activity of active extracts was compared with the standard antimicrobials, cefrodoxima, amoxicillin and fluconazole. The MICs of the most active plants ranged from 18.75mg/ml to 37.50mg/ml. The MBCs ranged between 18.75mg/ml to75mg/ml. These results were significant at P< 0.01. The findings show that most of the medicinal plants used by the Samburu community have some significant activity on the bacterial but not fungal pathogens known to cause diarrhoea.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Use and Resistance Pattern in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oumer Abdu Muhie
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bacterial Detection

Background. In the last decades, medicines have had an unprecedented positive effect on health, leading to reduced mortality and disease burden and consequently to an improved quality of life. The rapid and ongoing spread of antimicrobial-resistant organisms threatens our ability to successfully treat a growing number of infectious diseases. In the absence of the development of new generations of antibiotic drugs, appropriate use of existing antibiotics is needed to ensure the long-term availability of effective treatment for bacterial infections. Irrational use of antibiotics is an ongoing global public health problem that deserves more attention. This review is conducted to evaluate the prevalence of inappropriate antibiotic utilization and resistance to antibiotics in Ethiopia. Methods. Electronic search in PubMed/MEDLINE and Google was used to find published literature with reference lists of relevant articles searched manually. Titles and abstracts were initially screened for eligibility. The full texts of articles judged to be eligible were reviewed if they meet the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted on important variables like the sample size, region of the study, the inappropriate antibiotic use, bacterial detection rate, multidrug resistance pattern, and more other variables. Microsoft Excel was used for data extraction. Quantitative analysis was performed using STATA version 11. Results. The electronic searches identified 193 articles of which 33 were found eligible. The random-effects model was used to provide point estimates (with 95% confidence interval (CI)) of bacterial detection rate, inappropriate antibiotic use, and multidrug resistance rate to account for heterogeneity. The pooled bacteria detection rate was 29.1 with 95% CI (16.6–41.7). The pooled prevalence of multidrug resistant strains identified was 59.7% (95% CI: 43.5–75.9). The pooled estimate of inappropriate antibiotic use was 49.2% (95% CI: 32.2–66.2). The pooled proportion of self-antibiotic prescription was 43.3% (95% CI: 15.7–70.9). Other reasons for inappropriate antibiotic use included a wrong indication, wrong duration, improper route of administration, use of leftover antibiotics from a family member, and immature discontinuation of antibiotics. Conclusion and Recommendations. Inappropriate antibiotic use is a huge problem in Ethiopia, and many bacteria were resistant to commonly used antibiotics and similarly, multidrug-resistant bacterial strains are numerous. Appropriate antibiotic use should be ensured by prohibiting over-the-counter sale of antibiotics and strengthening antimicrobial stewardship.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LUDWIGIA PARVIFLORA L. AGAINST STANDARD BACTERIAL STRAINS AND COMPARISON OF ITS ACTIVITY WITH THAT OF STANDARD ANTIBIOTICS

2019 ◽  
pp. 430-432
Author(s):  
SHIBU GEORGE ◽  
MEVLIN JOY
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
The Common ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract of Ludwigia parviflora L. using standard bacterial strains and compare its activity with that of standard antibiotics. Methods: The antibacterial activity and antibiotic susceptibility tests were done by disk diffusion method using MTCC bacterial strains. Results: The study revealed that the methanolic extract of the whole plant of L. parviflora L. was effective to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. Among the tested strains, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and E. coli were more susceptible to the methanolic extract of L. parviflora than the commonly using antibiotic tetracycline 30 mcg. The activity of methanolic extract was also higher than the activity of gentamicin 10 mcg against the P. aeruginosa. Conclusion: The study concluded that the crude methanolic extract of the whole plant of L. parviflora L. is a good source for antibacterial agent against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and E. coli. Hence, this plant can be used as a natural alternative to the common antibiotics such as gentamicin and tetracycline against common bacterial infections after validating its pharmacological and toxicological activities.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Constituency Profiling and Antimicrobial Activity Screening of Seaweeds Extracts Collected from the Bay of Bengal Sea Coasts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmudul Hasan ◽  
Md. Abdus Shukur Imran ◽  
Farhana Rumzum Bhuiyan ◽  
Sheikh Rashel Ahmed ◽  
Parsha Shanzana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Enteromorpha Intestinalis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Hypnea Musciformis ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Seaweed Extracts

AbstractSeaweeds are able to produce a great variety of secondary metabolites that are characterized by a broad spectrum of biological activities. Two seaweeds species, namelyHypnea musciformisandEnteromorpha intestinalis werestudied to evaluate the phytochemical constituency and antimicrobial activities. First of all, crude extracts of both sea weeds were prepared by two different extraction methods (soaking and water bath) using different solvents. Phytochemicals profiling results revealed the presence of bioactive compounds (flavonoids, alkaloids, tannin, saponin and phenols) in both seaweed extracts. Quantification results for ethanolic extracts ofH. musciformis and E. intestinalisestimated 51 mg and 43 mg tannins in per gram of dried samples and flavonoids contents were found 67 mg and 57 mg/g mg QE/g respectively. Total phenolic contents were determined in terms of gallic acid equivalent (GAE).H. musciformisexhibited higher amount of phenolics (59 ± 0.0002 mg GAE/g) thanE. intestinalisextracts (41 ± 0.0002 mg GAE/g). In antimicrobial activity test, ethanol extractsof H. musciformisandE. intestinaliswere found 10 mm of inhibition diameter against all of the bacterial strains. Besides, methanol extracts ofE. intestinaliswere more susceptible toStaphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonaswhich was close to the inhibition diameter (>15 mm) of the mainstream antibiotic; Gentamicin. Moreover,Klebsiella sp. was found more susceptible to ethanol and methanol extracts of Hypnea musciformisas it showed inhibition zone greater than 15 mm. Both Seaweed extracts possessed higher amount of phytochemicals and showed promising antimicrobial activities when compared with the standards.

Phytochemical Extracts of Leucas Aspera and Dahlia Pinnata Exhibit Antimicrobial Properties on Escherichia Coli and Enterococcus Faecalis.

2020 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamuna Saravanan ◽  
Bala Subramaniam Devaraj ◽  
Nithesh Kumar Velusamy ◽  
Pooja Shree Soundirarajan ◽  
Kumaravel Kandaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Efficacy Evaluation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Leucas Aspera

Background:: Phytochemicals such as tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and peptides been found to have antimicrobial activity against a variety of bacterial strains. Objective:: However, optimal extraction procedures for these phytochemicals and their efficacy evaluation against certain pathogenic bacterial strains remain unclear. Method:: Therefore, in this study phytochemicals from Leucas aspera (L. aspera) and Dahlia pinnata (D. pinnata) were extracted by hot and cold extraction methods using water and methanol as solvents. In addition, antimicrobial activity of L. aspera and D. pinnata extracts against bacterial strains such as the gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and the gram-positive Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) were performed by Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and CFU quantification assays. Results:: The majority of the phytochemicals such as protein, carbohydrate, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, and saponins were present in our extracts but steroids were absent in the extract. Protein, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, and saponins were present in both L. aspera and D. pinnata. The yield of proteins was high (1.990 ± 0.091 mg/ml) in methanol extracts of L. aspera and low (0.199 mg/ml) in aqueous extracts. However, the yield of tannins was high (1.713 ± 0.079 mg/ml) in methanol extracts of D. pinnata and low (0.528 ± 0.136 mg/ml) aqueous extracts. The MIC of D. pinnata extracts were found to be 200 mg/ml for both E. coli and E. faecalis. However the L. aspera extracts had a MIC of 100 mg/ml and 200 mg/ml on E. coli and E. faecalis, respectively. Conclusion:: This article demonstrated the potential use of phytochemicals as novel antimicrobial compounds against bacterial infections.

Ethnobotanical study, phytochemistry and antioxidant activity of medicinal plants used in the treatment of inflammation in two cities of Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-012
Author(s):  
Armandine LEMA ◽  
Mindiédiba Jean BANGOU ◽  
Tangbadioa Hervé COULIDIATI ◽  
Mamadou SAWADOGO ◽  
Hyacinthe M THIOMBIANO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Ethnobotanical Study ◽  
Ethnobotanical Survey ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Traditional Practitioners

Background and Objective: The present study aimed to contribute to the knowledge of medicinal plants used in the treatment of inflammation in Burkina Faso, as well as to quanti fy the polyphenolic compounds content and to evaluate the antioxidant activity of two most solicited species. Materials and Methods: An ethnobotanical survey was carried out in the urban areas of Bobo-Dioulasso and Fada N'Gourma in order to collect sociodemographic and ethnobotanical data from traditional practitioners. Methanolic extracts of the plant organs were obtained using an extractor apparatus. The quantification of polyphenolic compounds contents was done by spectrophotometry, respectively with the Folin Ciocalteu reagent and aluminum trichloride. Likewise, antioxidant activity was evaluated by three methods (ABTS●+ DPPH● and FRAP) and the reading of optical densities was performed with the spectrophotometer. Results: One hundred and twelve (112) traditional practitioners were interviewed and seventy-three (73) plant species were identified in both areas. According to the frequency of quotation, Entada africana and Khaya senegalensis species were retained for further study. Phytochemical study revealed that the total phenolic content was high in the trunk bark of K. senegalensis (73.12 ± 1.8 mg GAE/100mg) and the total flavonoid content in the trunk bark of E. africana (8.42 ± 0.78 mg QE/100mg). Of the antioxidant activity, the highest value was observed at the level of the ABTS●+ radical inhibition method with the best result 13247.2 ± 219.84 µmol AAE/g (leaves of E. africana). Conclusion: The phytochemical analyses of these species indicate their richness in total phenolics and flavonoids contents, and could justify their use in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of the Decoction ofTropidurus hispidus(Spix, 1825) andTropidurus semitaeniatus(Spix, 1825) Used by the Traditional Medicine

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel J. M. Santos ◽  
Edinardo F. F. Matias ◽  
Karla K. A. Santos ◽  
Maria F. B. M. Braga ◽  
Jacqueline C. Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Medicinal Use ◽  
Multiresistant Strains

Tropidurus hispidusandTropidurus semitaeniatusare two lizard species utilized in traditional medicine in Northeast Brazil. Their medicinal use includes diseases related with bacterial infections such as tonsillitis and pharyngitis. They are used in the form of teas (decoctions) for the treatment of illnesses. In this work, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of the decoctions ofT. hispidus(DTH) andT. semitaeniatus(DTS) against bacterial strains, namely, standard and multiresistantEscherichia coli,Staphylococus aureus, andPseudomonas aureuginosa, alone and in combination with aminoglycoside antibiotics. The decoctions were prepared using the whole body of the dried lizards, and the filtrate was frozen and lyophilized. When tested alone, the samples did not demonstrate any substantial inhibition of bacterial growth. However, in combination with antibiotics as aminoglycosides, decoctions reduced the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the assayed antibiotics against multiresistant strains ofS. aureusandP. aureuginosa. Chemical prospecting tests revealed the presence of alkaloids in DTS. This is the first study evaluating the medicinal efficacy ofT. hispidusandT. semitaeniatusand contributes to the list of new sources of medicines from natural products of animal origin.

scholarly journals Preliminary Biological Study of Two Medicinal Plants used in the Mouhoun Region (Burkina Faso): Boscia angustifolia A. Rich (Caparaceae) and Gardenia erubescens Stapf & Hutch (Rubiaceae)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jotham Yhi-Pênê N’do ◽  
Dramane Pare ◽  
Mahamadi Nikiema ◽  
Adama Hilou
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biological Study ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
Reduction Capacity

Aims: Boscia agustifolia and Gardenia erubescens are two medicinal plants widely used in the Mouhoun region. The strong use of these two plants in traditional medicine would be linked to their therapeutic virtues. Study Design: The purpose of this work was to carry out a preliminary biological study on two plants widely used by the population of the Mouhoun region (Burkina Faso) against certain diseases. Place and Duration of Study: The harvest of plant material was made in the Mouhoun region in March 2019. The phytochemistry and the antioxidant tests were carried out at LABIOCA in June 2019. The microorganism tests were carried out at CRSBAN. Methodology: The extracts were obtained by ethanolic maceration. The FRAP method and DPPH were used to evaluate the antioxidant properties of the extracts. The antibiomicrobial activity of the extracts was determined using five microbial strains. Results: The ethanolic extract of Gardenia erubescens bark had antioxidant activity through the iron ion reduction capacity (6.71 ± 1.16 mMol EAA/100 g extract. Boscia angustifolia showed inhibitory activity on the five microbial strains. Conclusion: The biological activities obtained with these extracts could be justified by the presence of active phytochemicals such as flavonoids. These biological properties to constitute a reason based on the strong use of these two plants in traditional medicine.

scholarly journals Antibacterial potential of indigenous plant extracts against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains isolated from New Delhi region

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-196
Author(s):  
Jatin Chadha ◽  
Manish Gupta ◽  
Nishtha Nagpal ◽  
Madhav Sharma ◽  
Tarun Adarsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

The extensive use of antibiotics to treat bacterial infections has led to the widespread emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, becoming increasingly difficult to treat with currently available antibacterial agents. The present study is based on prospecting the ethnomedicinal potential of Indian plant varieties for the treatment of MDR bacteria. Plants produce an array of diverse pharmacological compounds in defence against microbial pathogens which may be employed as a novel intervention strategy to combat MDR human pathogens. In the present study, the antimicrobial activity of extracts of four common Indian plants: Azadirachta indica (Neem), Murraya koenigii (Kadipatta), Phyllanthus emblica (Amla), and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) prepared in four solvents, water, methanol, ethanol, and chloroform was tested against nine MDR bacterial isolates. Kirby-Bauer well diffusion assays were adopted to assess the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts against the MDR strains. The potency of plant extracts was examined by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). All MDR isolates including Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Bacillus subtilis, B. thuringiensis, B. cereus, Enterobacter xiangfangensis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were significantly inhibited by the plant extracts. Test extracts showed promising antibacterial potential against MDR P. aeruginosa and Bacillus sp. with low MIC values ranging between 0.02-1.56 mg/ml, while most plant extracts exhibited either moderate MBC values or bacteriostatic effects. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrates the potential use of endemic A. indica, M. koenigii, P. emblica, and O. sanctum as therapeutic agents against circulating MDR human pathogens in the national capital.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Medicinal Plants and Their Constituents in the Context of Skin and Wound Infections, Considering European Legislation and Folk Medicine—A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10746
Author(s):  
Silvia Bittner Fialová ◽  
Katarína Rendeková ◽  
Pavel Mučaji ◽  
Milan Nagy ◽  
Lívia Slobodníková
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
Medicinal Use

Bacterial infections of skin and wounds may seriously decrease the quality of life and even cause death in some patients. One of the largest concerns in their treatment is the growing antimicrobial resistance of bacterial infectious agents and the spread of resistant strains not only in the hospitals but also in the community. This trend encourages researchers to seek for new effective and safe therapeutical agents. The pharmaceutical industry, focusing mainly on libraries of synthetic compounds as a drug discovery source, is often failing in the battle with bacteria. In contrast, many of the natural compounds, and/or the whole and complex plants extracts, are effective in this field, inactivating the resistant bacterial strains or decreasing their virulence. Natural products act comprehensively; many of them have not only antibacterial, but also anti-inflammatory effects and may support tissue regeneration and wound healing. The European legislative is in the field of natural products medicinal use formed by European Medicines Agency (EMA), based on the scientific work of its Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC). HMPC establishes EU monographs covering the therapeutic uses and safe conditions for herbal substances and preparations, mostly based on folk medicine, but including data from scientific research. In this review, the medicinal plants and their active constituents recommended by EMA for skin disorders are discussed in terms of their antibacterial effect. The source of information about these plant products in the review is represented by research articles listed in scientific databases (Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, etc.) published in recent years.

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