scholarly journals Morphological and physiological changes in papaya seedlings irrigated with saline water and application of humic substances

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. e3290
Author(s):  
Thiago Jardelino Dias ◽  
Marcia Paloma Da Silva Leal ◽  
Everaldo Silva Do Nascimento ◽  
Mario Leno Martins Veras ◽  
Toshik Iarley da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
High Salt Content ◽  
Use Efficiency

In the northeast semiarid region water with high salt content is very common, which may negatively affect crops growth and development. Thus using possible salt stress attenuators is extremely important because it allows the use of saline waters for agricultural purposes. Among the possible attenuators of salt stress, humic substances stand out. This work was driven in order to evaluate the effect of the application of humic substances as a possible attenuator of salt stress from papaya seedlings irrigation. The experiment was conducted under entirely randomized design with five replications in a 4 x 4 factorial, regarding the four doses of humic substances (5, 10, 15 and 20g), and the electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (ECw 1.5; 3.0; 4.5 and 6 dS m-1). When it irrigates the papaya seedlings with water of 6.0 dS m-1 is recommended dose of 20 g of humic substances, which provided growth. Irrigation of papaya seedlings with high salinity (3.0 and 4.5 dS m-1) allied with application of 20 g of humic substances provide increased CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, instantaneous water use efficiency, carboxylation efficiency and chlorophyll b content, however, stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis and chlorophyll a content are reduced with increase of the ECw.

scholarly journals Gas exchanges, growth and production of okra cultivated with saline water and silicon fertilization

2020 ◽  
pp. 1937-1950
Author(s):  
Geovani Soares de Lima ◽  
Cristiane Milenne Alves de Souza ◽  
Reginaldo Gomes Nobre ◽  
Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos Soares ◽  
Hans Raj Gheyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Silicon Fertilization ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

Excess salts in water and/or soil are a critical factor that adversely affects the physiology and growth, besides limiting the production of crops in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil. One way to reduce the effect of salt stress on plants is by using silicon (Si) fertilization. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the gas exchange, growth, and production of okra cv. Valença as a function of irrigation with saline water and Si doses. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in the municipality of Pombal - PB, Brazil. The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme corresponding to five levels of electrical conductivity of water ECw (0.3, 1.0, 1.7, 2.4, and 3.1 dS m-1) and two doses of Si fertilization (100 and 200 g of Si per plant), with four replicates. Salt stress increased the intercellular concentration of CO2 in the substomatal chamber and reduced the CO2 assimilation rate, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, growth, and production of okra plants. Intrinsic water use efficiency and average weights of okra fruits were not influenced by irrigation with saline water and Si doses. The supply of 200 g Si per plant reduced the deleterious effect of salt stress on stomatal conductance and leaf area of okra, at 45 days after sowing but did not increase production.

scholarly journals Trichoderma Enhances Net Photosynthesis, Water Use Efficiency, and Growth of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Salt Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Mulu Oljira ◽  
Tabassum Hussain ◽  
Tatoba R. Waghmode ◽  
Huicheng Zhao ◽  
Hongyong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

Soil salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses limiting plant growth and productivity. The breeding of salt-tolerant wheat cultivars has substantially relieved the adverse effects of salt stress. Complementing these cultivars with growth-promoting microbes has the potential to stimulate and further enhance their salt tolerance. In this study, two fungal isolates, Th4 and Th6, and one bacterial isolate, C7, were isolated. The phylogenetic analyses suggested that these isolates were closely related to Trichoderma yunnanense, Trichoderma afroharzianum, and Bacillus licheniformis, respectively. These isolates produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) under salt stress (200 mM). The abilities of these isolates to enhance salt tolerance were investigated by seed coatings on salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant wheat cultivars. Salt stress (S), cultivar (C), and microbial treatment (M) significantly affected water use efficiency. The interaction effect of M x S significantly correlated with all photosynthetic parameters investigated. Treatments with Trichoderma isolates enhanced net photosynthesis, water use efficiency and biomass production. Principal component analysis revealed that the influences of microbial isolates on the photosynthetic parameters of the different wheat cultivars differed substantially. This study illustrated that Trichoderma isolates enhance the growth of wheat under salt stress and demonstrated the potential of using these isolates as plant biostimulants.

The Effect of High Salinity Water to the Compressive Strength of Mine Backfill Material

2018 ◽  
Vol 777 ◽  
pp. 554-558
Author(s):  
Vu Hai Dang ◽  
Manoon Masniyom
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Mine Backfill ◽  
High Salinity Water ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
High Salt Content ◽  
Salinity Water

The effect of the high salinity water on the compressive strength of mine backfill was studied. Two types of salinity water: saturated and unsaturated brines were employed to mix with mine backfill materials, and the results were compared. The one with saturated brine had high salt content of 400 g/l while the other had 200 g/l. The results showed that compressive strength decreased with increasing salt content. The mine backfill with high salt content (saturated brine) exhibited the poorest compressive strength in which its strength decreased to approximately 50-70 % of the original strength gained from the backfill samples based on water without salt. Additionally, the optimal saline water solid ratio was 0.2.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF NUTRIENT SOLUTION SALINITY ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF MELON CULTIVATED IN COCONUT FIBER

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 713-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRÍCIA LÍGIA DANTAS DE MORAIS ◽  
NILDO DA SILVA DIAS ◽  
ANDRÉ MOREIRA DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
OSVALDO NOGUEIRA DE SOUSA NETO ◽  
JOSÉ DARCIO ABRANTES SARMENTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT Brackish waters represent great potential for profitable agricultural production; however, productive usage depends on the adoption of proper cultural practices as well as a culture tolerant of salinity, which can require some restrictions related to soil and crop production. Given the lack of information pertaining to hydroponic melon culture, the objective of this study was to investigate physiological changes promoted by the use of brackish water in the preparation of the nutrient solution for melon (Cucumis melo L., cv. AF 015) growth in coconut fiber substrate under greenhouse conditions in Mossoró-RN, a semiarid region of Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 12 treatments arranged in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme, with 4 salt concentration levels (1.1 - control, 2.5, 4.0 and 5.5 dS m-1) and 3 exposition times (vegetative growth: 10-30 days after transplanting, DAT; flowering: 31 to 50 DAT; and fruiting and ripening: 51-70 DAT, which are the assessment phases of physiological maturation). Increasing salt concentrations in the nutrient solution reduced photosynthetic efficiency, stomatal conductance and transpiration, but increased the intercellular CO2 concentration in melon plants. A salt concentration in the low to intermediate range (2.5 dS m-1) resulted in the best water use efficiency by melon crops.

scholarly journals ÍNDICES FISIOLÓGICOS, CRESCIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DO MILHO IRRIGADO COM ÁGUA SALINA

Irriga ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni De Oliveira Garcia ◽  
Paulo Afonso Ferreira ◽  
Glauco Vieira Miranda ◽  
Flávio Gonçalves de Oliveira ◽  
Delfran Batista dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Net Assimilation

ÍNDICES FISIOLÓGICOS, CRESCIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DO MILHO IRRIGADO COM ÁGUA SALINA  Giovanni de Oliveira Garcia1; Paulo Afonso Ferreira2; Glauco Vieira Miranda3; Flávio Gonçalves de Oliveira4; Delfran Batista dos Santos51Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, [email protected] Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG.3 Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG.4 Núcleo de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, MG.5 Escola Agrotécnica Federal do Senhor do Bonfin, Senhor do Bonfin, BA.  1 RESUMO Objetivando avaliar os efeitos da salinidade da solução do solo sobre o crescimento, desenvolvimento, características fisiológicas e de produtividade em plantas de milho, foi conduzido um experimento em lisímetros de drenagem dentro de casa de vegetação. O experimento foi montado no delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos constituídos de um irrigado com água doce (sem lixiviação) e seis irrigados com água salina de 1,2 dS m-1 e frações de lixiviação de 40, 30, 20, 15, 10 e 5% da lâmina de irrigação aplicada e três repetições. Na variedade avaliada o aumento da salinidade do solo decorrente da irrigação com água salina reduziu expressivamente a produção de matéria seca da parte aérea e das raízes, as taxas de assimilação líquida, crescimento absoluto e relativo, da área foliar total e útil, fotossíntese, condutância estomática, transpiração, eficiência do uso de água na produtividade, peso de grãos por lisímetro e peso médio da espiga sem palha seguido do aumento da razão de área foliar. UNITERMOS: estresse salino, manejo de água, irrigação.  GARCIA, G.O. de; FERREIRA, P.A.; MIRANDA, G.V.; OLIVEIRA, F.G.de; SANTOS, D.B.dos. PHYSIOLOGICAL INDICES, GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF MAIZE IRRIGATED WITH SALINE WATER  2 ABSTRACT An experiment was carried out in drainage lysimeters under greenhouse conditions in order to evaluate the salinity effects in soil solution on the growth, development, physiological characteristics, and productivity of maize plants. The experiment was had an entirely randomized design with seven treatments consisting of one irrigated with fresh water (without leaching) and six ones irrigated with saline water of 1.2 dS m-1 and leaching fractions of 40, 30, 20, 15, 10 and 5% of the applied irrigation depth and three replications. In the variety under evaluation, the increased soil salinity due to irrigation with saline water,  significantly reduced the dry matter yield of either the aerial part and roots, as well as the rates concerning to: net assimilation, both absolute and relative growths, both total and effective leaf area, photosynthesis, stomatic conductance, transpiration, water use efficiency on productivity, kernel weight by lysimeter, and average weight of the huskless ear, following the increase in the leaf area ratio. KEYWORDS: Salt stress, water management, irrigation

scholarly journals Physiological Responses of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Under Irrigation With Saline Water and Biostimulant Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Leonardo Vieira de Sousa ◽  
Rayanne Maria Paula Ribeiro ◽  
Manoel Galdino dos Santos ◽  
Fernando Sarmento de Oliveira ◽  
Hugo Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is one of the world’s main crops, and it is a fundamental source of protein for semiarid regions population. In these regions, the use of high salts concentration water in irrigation systems is one of the major factors that contributes to reduced cowpea yield. One way to alleviate the negative effects of salinity is through the biostimulants application, which is a product that has beneficial substances to the plants metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of biostimulant in cowpea cultivars under irrigation with saline water. The study was carried out in the Agrarian Sciences Center, of the Department of Agronomic and Forest Sciences of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, in the city of Mossoró, RN. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications. The treatments were arranged in 5 × 2 × 2 factorial scheme, with five doses of biostimulant (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 mL L-1), two electrical conductivities of the irrigation water (0.5 and 5.0 dS m-1), and two cowpea cultivars (IPA-206 and BRS Guariba). The evaluated characteristics were: chlorophyll content index, stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis, internal CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, shoot height, stem diameter and shoot dry mass. The biostimulant application was not efficient in attenuating the salinity stress effect on the development of cowpea cultivars. The higher biostimulant concentrations along with the use of saline water increased the negative effects of salinity on the cowpea plants physiology. There was no difference between the cultivars regarding the tolerance to saline stress and the application of biostimulant.

scholarly journals Physiological changes and growth of soursop plants under irrigation with saline water and H2O2 in post-grafting phase

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 3023-3038
Author(s):  
Luana Lucas de Sá Almeida Veloso ◽  
◽  
Geovani Soares de Lima ◽  
Carlos Alberto Vieira de Azevedo ◽  
Reginaldo Gomes Nobre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Four Levels

The low availability of water associated with high salt concentrations in irrigation water has become one of the leading challenges for agricultural production in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil. Thus, the study of strategies to enable the use of saline water in agriculture is essential. From this perspective, this study aimed to evaluate alterations in gas exchange, chloroplast pigments, and cell damage in soursop (Anonna muricata L.) irrigated with saline water and under exogenous application of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the post-grafting phase. A study was conducted in Campina Grande, PB, under greenhouse conditions. The treatments were distributed in a randomized block design, in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of four levels of electrical conductivity of water (ECw; 1.6; 2.4; 3.2 and 4.0 dS m-1) and two concentrations of H2O2 (0 and 20 µM) with four replications. Irrigation water salinity from 1.6 dS m-1 caused changes in the stomatal conductance, respiration, and internal CO2 concentration of soursop plants. A 20 µM concentration of H2O2 reduced the effects of salinity on transpiration and CO2 assimilation values, in addition to promoting the biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments and reducing cell damage in soursop plants, at 150 days after transplantation. The exogenous application of 20 µM H2O2 reduced the deleterious effects of salinity on the stem diameter of both rootstock and scion in soursop plants irrigated with ECw of 1.6 dS m-1. The exogenous application of 20 µM H2O2 was not efficient in mitigating the damage caused by salinity on the stem diameter of the soursop at grafting point.

scholarly journals Root biomass and production of cotton cultivars subjected to saline water irrigation

2020 ◽  
pp. 965-970
Author(s):  
André Alisson Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Márcia Cristina de Araújo Pereira ◽  
Luana Lucas de Sá Almeida Veloso ◽  
Ronaldo do Nascimento ◽  
Elka Costa Santos Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Saline Water Irrigation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Weight Number

Water scarcity and high levels of salinity in irrigation water limit irrigated cotton cultivation in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil. So, it is necessary to adopt cultivation strategies that make the production system feasible. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the biomass and production of cotton cultivars subjected to different levels of saline water irrigation. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, with treatments distributed in a completely randomized design, in a 5 x 2 factorial arrangement, corresponding to five levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity - ECw (1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 and 7.5 dS m-1) and two cotton cultivars (BRS 368 RF and BRS Safira), with 4 replicates. Treatment effects were measured by the number of bolls per plant, lint weight, number of seeds per plant, total weight of seeds and dry and fresh biomass of stem, roots and leaves. Irrigation using water with electrical conductivity from 1.5 dS m-1 negatively affects the production of the cotton cultivars BRS SAFIRA and BRS 368 RF, causing reductions in all production variables analyzed. The cultivar BRS Safira has better production performance than BRS 368 RF when exposed to water salinity.

scholarly journals Application strategies of saline water and nitrogen doses in mini watermelon cultivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. e3233
Author(s):  
Saulo Soares da Silva ◽  
Geovani Soares de Lima ◽  
Vera Lúcia Antunes de Lima ◽  
Hans Raj Gheyi ◽  
Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Saline Waters ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
High Level

Salt stress is highlighted as one of the limiting factors for the establishment of agriculture in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil. In this context, it is essential to look for new strategies aiming at minimizing the effects of salt stress on the crops. The present work aimed to evaluate the photochemical efficiency, photosynthetic pigments, and growth of the watermelon cv. Sugar Baby under different use strategies with saline waters and nitrogen fertilization. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment at the Center of Technology and Natural Resources of the Federal University of Campina Grande, municipality of Campina Grande, Paraíba. An experimental design in randomized blocks was adopted, arranged in a 6 x 2 factorial scheme, with six management strategies of water salinity and two nitrogen doses (corresponding to 50 and 100% of the recommendation), with five replications. Two salinity levels of the irrigation water were studied, one with low and another with a high level of electrical conductivity of the water (ECw = 0.8 and 3.2 dS m-1). The watermelon cv. Sugar Baby expressed higher sensitivity to salt stress in the flowering phase, with a decrease in the synthesis of chlorophyll b, chlorophyll total, and carotenoids. The 50% dose of N provided an increment in the initial fluorescence, stem diameter, and the number of leaves of the watermelon cv. Sugar Baby. The length of the main branch of the watermelon plants decreased with the salt stress applied in the fructification phase; however, the fertilization with 100% of N stimulated a higher growth when the irrigation with saline waters was performed at the vegetative and flowering phases.

scholarly journals Effect of fertigation with potassium and nitrogen on gas exchange and biomass accumulation in eggplant1

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-352
Author(s):  
Álvaro Henrique Cândido de Souza ◽  
Roberto Rezende ◽  
Marcelo Zolin Lorenzoni ◽  
Fernando André Silva Santos ◽  
André Maller
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Internal Co2 ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Total Dry Weight

ABSTRACT Adequate crop fertilization is one of the challenges for agriculture. Measuring gas exchange and biomass accumulation may be used to adjust crop management. The effect of fertigation with potassium (0 kg ha-1, 54 kg ha-1, 108 kg ha-1 and 216 kg ha-1) and nitrogen (0 kg ha-1, 67 kg ha-1, 134 kg ha-1 and 268 kg ha-1) on gas exchange and biomass accumulation in eggplant was assessed under greenhouse conditions. The net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, internal CO2 concentration, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, water-use efficiency and total dry weight were evaluated. With the exception of K for water-use efficiency and N for internal CO2 concentration, all the other gas exchange parameters were significantly affected by the K and N doses. There was an interaction between N and K doses for net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. The highest values for net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, carboxylation instantaneous efficiency and total dry weight were found in the range of 125-185 kg ha-1 of K and 215-268 kg ha-1 of N.

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