»Wucher muß sein, aber wehe den Wucherern«

1991 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 268-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Wieland
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Religious Communication ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This article examines Luther's conception of Economy and Economics. The analysis shows a paradoxially structured religious communication about economic problems (inflation, interest). This form of communication serves to keep contingency available within the economic system. Together with reason, conscience and belief the awareness of contingency is a presupposition of reasonable economical decisions. The most important conclusion is that the relationship of these aspects of action- as discussed by Lutheris also a majorproblern in the contemporary discussion of business and economics effects

The Dragon's Footprints

2019 ◽  
pp. 260-273
Author(s):  
Mona Chung ◽  
Bruno Mascitelli
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Fast Moving ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Chinese Investment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chinese Migration ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines Chinese migration and investment into Europe and explores models of migration and investment by identifying the gap between the two. The chapter highlights the major characteristics of Chinese investment and migration into Europe by identifying and separating the investment from Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and that of private individuals. This triangulation provides scholars and policy makers with a unique scenario. The migration and investment literature has been conducted as two separate and parallel topics. A small number of studies investigate the relationship of the two as one inter-connected relationship. There is even less focus on Chinese migration and investment due to the fact that over the past decade it has been a fast-moving phenomenon because of the speed of Chinese economic development. In addition, China's different political and economic system and its unique state structure adds another layer of complexity for scholars.

scholarly journals Managing the sustainability of economic system as the basis of investment development in Ukraine

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serhii Kozlovskyi ◽  
Illya Khadzhynov ◽  
Ivan Vlasenko ◽  
Liliya Marynchak
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Sustainability Concept ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Nowadays, studying the categories of “economic sustainability”, “economic sustainability management” and the peculiarities of these concepts is especially relevant. Their use would provide an opportunity to ensure the sustainable and most effective functioning of the subject of economic relations in the current period of time, as well as to create a high potential for its development and ensuring the conditions for investing capital in the Ukrainian economy. All this determined the purpose of this study, which consists in the analysis of the theory and essence of the economic sustainability concept, the interpretation of the concept of “economic sustainability of the system” and the concept of “management of economic sustainability of the system”, distinguishing factors affecting the sustainability of the Ukrainian economic system, determining the relationship of economic sustainability with economic security, investing as well as forecasting the level of the Ukrainian economy sustainability based on the innovative modeling methods. The object of the research is to develop the theory of the “economic sustainability” concept and to determine the level of economic sustainability of the economy aimed at raising the investment climate in Ukraine. To ensure the development, security and investment attractiveness of the Ukrainian economy, an organizational structure of the management model for the sustainability of the Ukrainian economic system was developed using the developed economic and mathematical model.

Needs of the regional socio-economic system in transport services

2021 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
A. B. Bardal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
The Future ◽  
Transport Complex ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Auto Regression

The subject of the article is the relationship between the parameters of the regional socio-economic system and the transport complex. Transport is a: 1) independent branch of the economy, 2) element of the regional infrastructure, providing conditions for functioning of the other branches of material production and the social sphere. The purpose of this article is to present methodological approaches to the study of needs of the regional socio-economic system in the transport services and to conduct experimental needs assessment on the example of the Khabarovsk territory. Methodology is presented as a set of sequential stages, including the analysis of features of the regional economy and transport, study of the relationship of their parameters. The structure of the economy and key indicators of the transport complex of the Khabarovsk territory are considered. Experimental assessment of the demand for freight transportation from the socio-economic system of the region using methods of econometric analysis was carried out. Models of simple linear regression vector and auto-regression vector are tested. The data on the volume of cargo transportation and cargo turnover for the period 1995–2019, as well as the index of industrial production and gross regional product were used. It is determined that linear regression does not allow obtaining meaningful and correct estimates. The vector auto-regression model shows a significant relationship between the indicators of the economy and the volume of rail transport, the general indicator of transportation, as well as cargo turnover by road (with a lag of one period), no significant connection with the road transport was found. The results obtained can become the basis for assessing the future needs for transport services, based on the future parameters of the economic development of the region. This will allow for timely and adequate development of transport infrastructure without turning it into a limitation of economic growth. In the future, it is necessary to detail the analysis by studying the relationship of need for transport services with the parameters of the functioning of individual sectors of the socio-economic system of the region.

THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF ENTERPRISES

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
A. P. SOKOLOV ◽  
◽  
I. G. BOROK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
Complete Independence ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Market Factors ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines aspects of economic security in a period of tough competition, political and economic instability. Enterprises have complete independence in making decisions on determining strategic development, sources of financing, and the choice of counterparties, therefore, it is of paramount importance to resolve issues of risk reduction. The research work analyzes the definitions of the concept of "security" of the territory, industry, enterprise from various points of view, from the standpoint of different scientific directions and disciplines. Economic security should be considered as the state of the economic system, which allows it to develop dynamically, efficiently and solve social problems, since the system is characterized by a set of elements and the peculiarities of the relationships between them. The functioning of economic systems is based on the relationship of various forms, structures and processes of activity in a constantly changing space of market factors.

scholarly journals Institutions: Definition, Attributes and Research Areas

Upravlenie ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Клейнер ◽  
Gyeorgiy Klyeynyer
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Subsequent Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Institutional Architecture ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The author explores the essence and content of the concept of «institute» in terms of the different approaches of contemporary institutional theory. The author shows the relationship of institutions with cultural, social, legal norms, norms of behavior, routines, and habits. The author offers his own original picture of the institutional architecture of the socio-economic system and proves subsequent research areas of institutional economics.

scholarly journals Financial-Economic problems of innovative agricultural development in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 05027
Author(s):  
V.V. Ilyashenko
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Financial Economic ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article discusses the economic problems of the innovative development of agriculture in the Russian Federation. The author describes the features of this process in agriculture that impede the introduction of innovations. As a result, the problems of innovative development that are characteristic of the economy as a whole under the specific conditions of agricultural production are intensified. Analyzing statistics, the author shows that the import substitution policy in agriculture in Russia is not fully implemented. The article describes the interconnection of the innovation process with the development and implementation of research and development and investment activity in the industry. The article analyzes the problems of using both own and attracted financial resources for innovative development. The author shows the problem of disparity in prices for agricultural and industrial products. The article also underlines the relationship of innovation and investment in human capital, the formation of human resources. The author makes the conclusions and proposals to stimulate the innovative development of agriculture.

scholarly journals THE ECONOMIC SYSTEM OF SOCIETY, CULTURE, FASHION: CATEGORICAL SUBORDINATION-ONTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

2019 ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
T. SERHIYEVICH
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Ontological Analysis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines the relationship of such phenomena as the economic system of society, culture and fashion. Culture is considered as a factor in the formation of socio-economic institutions of social systems. The increasing complexity of relations of modern society determines the relevance of the categorical refinement of phenomena and processes that are not purely economic factors. One of those is the phenomenon of fashion. If the interrelation of culture and fashion is obvious, since in scientific literature fashion is considered primarily as an aesthetic, culturological, socio-psychological phenomenon, then the conditions of trans-economy (J. Baudrillard) give rise to the need for a theoretical understanding of the fashion phenomenon and the place of its real-ontological forms in development economic system of modern society.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Studies on Leukemogenic and Sarcomagenic Viruses

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Leon Dmochowski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Electron microscopy has proved to be an invaluable discipline in studies on the relationship of viruses to the origin of leukemia, sarcoma, and other types of tumors in animals and man. The successful cell-free transmission of leukemia and sarcoma in mice, rats, hamsters, and cats, interpreted as due to a virus or viruses, was proved to be due to a virus on the basis of electron microscope studies. These studies demonstrated that all the types of neoplasia in animals of the species examined are produced by a virus of certain characteristic morphological properties similar, if not identical, in the mode of development in all types of neoplasia in animals, as shown in Fig. 1.

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