scholarly journals Fish feeds and feed management practices in the Kenyan aquaculture sector: Challenges and opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Jonathan Munguti ◽  
Hannington Odame ◽  
James Kirimi ◽  
Kevin Obiero ◽  
Erick Ogello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Feed Industry ◽  
Feed Management ◽  
Fish Feeds

Abstract Feeds and feed management practices are key to the development of the aquaculture sector. To achieve high levels of aquaculture production, fish farmers need nutritionally adequate and cost-effective feeds, which are coupled with good feed management practices. Access to high quality and cost-effective feeds is one of the prerequisites to successful fish farming. This paper reviews the current status of the Kenyan fish feed industry and feed management practices. The review includes constraints and opportunities in fish feeds from a farmer’s perspective. The review shows that the fish feed industry has been boosted by the development of fish feed standards, which has ensured access to high-quality fish feeds by all farmers. Feed management practices considerably impact on the economic performance in fish production. Thus, adopting appropriate feed management technologies and feeding strategies is instrumental in maximizing aquaculture productivity. Some of the major challenges faced by fish farmers in the feed sector including limited access to finance, lack of appropriate technical innovations, limited knowledge in feed formulation and processing and poor feed handling and storage are discussed. These challenges pose limitation in investment opportunities for a viable and sustainable fish feed processing and manufacturing to meet the rising demand occasioned by increased demand for fish food in Kenya. There is a huge potential to develop public-private partnerships with farmer groups to improve access to training and information dissemination on feeds availability and quality. Training fish farmers on feed formulation using locally available feed ingredients provide an opportunity to reduce feed costs, increase feeding efficiency and improve profitability. This paper reviews the current status of the Kenyan fish feed industry and feed management practices including constraints and opportunities from a farmer’s perspective.

scholarly journals Key limitations of fish feeds, feed management practices, and opportunities in Kenya’s aquaculture enterprise

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 17415-17434
Author(s):  
Jonathan Munguti ◽  
◽  
K Obiero ◽  
H Odame ◽  
J Kirimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
East African ◽  
African Region ◽  
Feed Quality ◽  
Feed Management ◽  
Fish Feeds ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
On Farm

Profitability is key in fish farming, just as it is to any other enterprise. For the farmers to actualize high-profit margins, it is imperative to have access to well-balanced nutritive and cost-effective feeds, backed by sound on-farm feed management practices. This paper auditsKenya’sfish feed industry and the on-going on-farm feed management practices, and emerging opportunities for fish farmers. The development of fish feed quality standards has boosted the aquaculture sector in Kenya, providing them hope that farmers will access high quality fish feeds. Much of the fish feed currently being used in Kenya is produced on-farm or by small-scale fish feed manufacturers within the East African region, while a few are imported directly from overseas countries, notably Israel, Netherlands, Mauritius and Denmark. Fish feeds produced by small-scale manufacturers are not closely monitored by quality standard agencies and not surprising that a majority are of poor quality. The improvement in the quality of these feeds is likely to lead to increased productivity and profitability because they are cheaper and readily available to fish farmers, compared to imported fish feeds. Besides feed quality, feed management practices markedly impact both the growth and economic performance of fish production. Adopting appropriate feed management strategies, therefore, is instrumental in the maximization of fish production and economic returns. Research has demonstrated several strategies for best feed management practices, which have not hitherto, been adopted by fish farmers in Kenya. Farmers have mainly focused on the mode of delivery of feeds to the fish. Furthermore, promoting natural pond productivity and supplementary feeding is still a common practice in the East African region. Provision of species-specific feeds and targeting the nutritional requirements of the different life stages of fish is still a major issue, although some local companies like Unga Farm Care(EA)have come up with a size and species-specific feed for catfish such as Fugro catfish®.To improve access to such information,public-private partnerships should be developed and, programmes that utilize the local media platforms such as extension service outlets must also be encouraged. Feed quality checks can also be carried out amongst fish feed suppliers. Lastly, farmers should be trained in various fish feed aspects like formulation, transportation and storage to sustain a steady fishfeed supply andsave on associated feed costs.

Production and use of farm-made fish feeds by small-scale pond fish farmers in Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
F.A. Anani, F.K.E. Nunoo, M. Steiner-Asiedu, N.W. Agbo, T.N.N. Nortey
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farming ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Cultured Fish ◽  
Fish Feeds ◽  
Commercial Feeds

The increasing costs of commercial fish feeds have made it imperative for most small-scale pond fish farmers in Ghana to resort to the use of alternative feed types to feed cultured fish. Some fish farmers rotate commercial feeds with farm-made types. This study was carried out to investigate the production and use of farm-made fish feeds by small-scale pond fish farmers in five major pond fish farming Regions (Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Volta and Western) in Ghana. Of the 147 farmers interviewed in all the five regions, 86 farmers used farm-made feeds of which 37 depended solely on farm-made feeds whilst 49 used both commercial and farm-made feeds. Farm-made feeds were produced using locally available ingredients and the most used oneswere groundnut bran (92%), fish meal (90%), wheat bran (74%) and maize (60%). The farmers did not follow appropriate and standardized feed formulation protocol during farm-made fish feed production. Hence, farm-made fish feeds produced by all farmers interviewed were found not to be nutritionally balanced. There is the need for small-scale pond fish farmers in Ghana to be trained in formulation and production of nutritionally balanced and cost-effective fish feeds so as to increase fish production through aquaculture in the country.

scholarly journals PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN PAKAN IKAN BAGI PEMUDA DAN PEMBUDIDAYA IKAN PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI KABUPATEN ALOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Yulianto Tell ◽  
Zakarias Adrianto Mautuka ◽  
Mando Kolimon ◽  
Dina Lande
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Price ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Training Activity ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Level Of Understanding

Tingginya harga pakan ikan di pasaran mengakibatkan banyak pembudidaya ikan di kabupaten Alor tidak dapat menyediakan pakan ikan secara berkesinambungan. Kebutuhan pakan ikan selama ini hanya mengandalkan pasokan dari luar melalui bantuan Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Kabupaten Alor. Ketika terjadi pembatasan akses akibat pandemi Covid-19 di kabupaten Alor, telah mengakibatkan terhentinya rantai pasokan pakan ikan dari luar. Pada sisi lain, para pembudidaya ikan di kabupaten Alor tidak memiliki pemahaman dan keterampilan dalam memproduksi pakan ikan secara mandiri. Dalam kondisi demikian maka kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat perlu dilaksanakan khususnya untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterampilan pembudidaya ikan. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian yakni pelatihan formulasi pakan ikan melalui FGD dan praktek pembuatan pakan ikan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pemahaman peserta sebelum mengikuti pelatihan adalah 58,43% meningkat menjadi 79,76% setelah mengikuti pelatihan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa perpaduan metode pelatihan dalam bentuk FGD dan praktek kerja memiliki dampak positif dalam peningkatan pemahaman peserta. Secara umum kegiatan pelatihan ini telah meningkatkan pemahaman peserta dengan peningkatan pemahaman sebesar 21,33%. Kata kunci: FGD, Covid-19, Pakan Ikan, Formulasi ABSTRACT The high price of fish feed in the market has resulted in many fish farmers in the Alor district being unable to provide fish feed sustainably. The need for fish feed has so far only relied on supplies from outside through the assistance of the Alor Regency Marine and Fisheries Service. When there was a restriction on access due to the Covid-19 pandemic in the Alor district, it had resulted in the interruption of the supply chain for fish food from outside. On the other hand, fish cultivators in the Alor district do not have the understanding and skills in producing fish feed independently. In such conditions, community service activities need to be carried out in particular to improve the understanding and skills of fish cultivators. The method used in the community service was training in fish feed formulation through FGD and practice of making fish feed. The analysis showed that the participant’s level of understanding before attending the training was 58.43%, increasing to 79.76% after attending the training. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the combination of training methods in the form of FGDs and practical work has a positive impact on increasing participant’s understanding. In general, this training activity has increased participant’s understanding by increasing understanding by 21.33%.    Keywords: FGD, covid-19, Fish Feed, Formulation

scholarly journals Nutrients and Energy Digestibility of Microalgal Biomass for Fish Feed Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13211
Author(s):  
Senthil Nagappan Annamalai ◽  
Probir Das ◽  
Mahmoud I. A. Thaher ◽  
Mohammad Abdul Quadir ◽  
Shoyeb Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Lower Production ◽  
Aquafeed Ingredients

Aquafeed accounts for at least 75–90% of aquaculture’s operating costs. Traditional aquafeed ingredients such as fishmeal, fish oil, and soybean meal are unsustainable; further, their increasing cost necessities developing alternative feed ingredients. Microalgae-based aquafeed is not only environmentally friendly, but it can also be cost-effective with proper optimization. In addition, the nutrition profile of microalgae is similar to that of many fishes. The digestibility of a feed is one of the most important factors to consider in feed formulation. A highly digestible feed can lower production costs, reduce feed waste, and reduce the risk of eutrophication. This review discusses the digestibility of various nutrients such as protein, lipid, carbohydrate, amino acids, and fatty acids (including omega-3 fatty acids), dry matter, and energy of various microalgae in fish. Other commonly used aquafeed ingredients were also compared to microalgae in terms of nutrient and energy digestibility in fish. The intrinsic characteristics of microalgae, biomass pretreatment, and feed preparation methods are all discussed as factors that contribute to the nutrient and energy digestibility of microalgae in fish. Furthermore, methods for increasing the digestibility of microalgal biomass in fish are suggested. Finally, the review concludes with the challenges and prospects of using microalgae as a fish feed in terms of digestibility.

Current Status of Antimicrobial Resistance and Prospect for New Vaccines against Major Bacterial Bovine Mastitis Pathogens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oudessa Kerro Dego
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Economic losses due to bovine mastitis is estimated to be $2 billion in the United States alone. Antimicrobials are used extensively in dairy farms for prevention and treatment of mastitis and other diseases of dairy cattle. The use of antimicrobials for treatment and prevention of diseases of dairy cattle needs to be prudent to slow down the development, persistence, and spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria from dairy farms to humans, animals, and farm environments. Because of public health and food safety concerns regarding antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial residues in meat and milk, alternative approaches for disease control are required. These include vaccines, improvements in housing, management practices that reduce the likelihood and effect of infectious diseases, management systems and feed formulation, studies to gain a better understanding of animal behavior, and the development of more probiotics and competitive exclusion products. Monitoring antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacterial isolates from cases of mastitis and dairy farm environments is important for treatment decisions and proper design of antimicrobial-resistance mitigation measures. It also helps to determine emergence, persistence, and potential risk of the spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and resistome from these reservoirs in dairy farms to humans, animals, and farm environments.

Evaluation of Potential Alternative Ingredients for Formulation of Fish Feed

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 1081-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Nurhafa Imra Naqtahnain Hamid ◽  
Siti Jamilah Hanim Mohd Yusof ◽  
Zarina Zakaria ◽  
Rozaini Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
Freshwater Aquaculture ◽  
High Production Rate ◽  
Fish Feeds

Freshwater aquaculture has high production rate, but the inconsistency supply of feeds can lead to low quality of fish. This initiates a high demand of fish feeds with complete diet to assist in growth and performance of the reared fish. The conventional fish meal has high protein content but it is expensive and can lead to high manufacturing cost of fish feeds. Therefore, present study is conducted to demonstrate nutritional value in several potential ingredients for formulation of new and economically favorable fish feed formulation for catfish. Proximate analysis of earthworm powder, fish meal,leucaena leucocephalaleaves, soybean waste and rice bran was performed to analyze their moisture, ash, protein and crude fiber content. While amino acid analysis was carried out to obtain amino acid profiles. Based on the results, the selected ingredients demonstrated remarkable nutritional content which are required in the catfish diet, thus indicate their high potential as substitute ingredients in fish feed formulation.

The Formability and Elongation of Aluminum Alloys AA5083 and AA3003 for Micro-Truss Sandwiches Manufacturing

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (9A) ◽  
pp. 1396-1405
Author(s):  
Arwa F. Tawfeeq ◽  
Matthew R. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Truss Structures ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Clad Layer ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Different Shapes

The development in the manufacturing of micro-truss structures has demonstrated the effectiveness of brazing for assembling these sandwiches, which opens new opportunities for cost-effective and high-quality truss manufacturing. An evolving idea in micro-truss manufacturing is the possibility of forming these structures in different shapes with the aid of elevated temperature. This work investigates the formability and elongation of aluminum alloy sheets typically used for micro-truss manufacturing, namely AA5083 and AA3003. Tensile tests were performed at a temperature in the range of 25-500 ○C and strain rate in the range of 2x10-4 -10-2 s-1. The results showed that the clad layer in AA3003 exhibited an insignificant effect on the formability and elongation of AA3003. The formability of the two alloys was improved significantly with values of m as high as 0.4 and 0.13 for AA5083 and AA3003 at 500 °C. While the elongation of both AA5083 and AA3003 was improved at a higher temperature, the elongation of AA5083 was inversely related to strain rate. It was concluded that the higher the temperature is the better the formability and elongation of the two alloys but at the expense of work hardening. This suggests a trade-off situation between formability and strength. 

scholarly journals 2D-3D integration of hexagonal boron nitride and a high-κ dielectric for ultrafast graphene-based electro-absorption modulators

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitesh Agarwal ◽  
Bernat Terrés ◽  
Lorenzo Orsini ◽  
Alberto Montanaro ◽  
Vito Sorianello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Hafnium Oxide ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Hexagonal Boron Nitride ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
High Quality ◽  
New Device

AbstractElectro-absorption (EA) waveguide-coupled modulators are essential building blocks for on-chip optical communications. Compared to state-of-the-art silicon (Si) devices, graphene-based EA modulators promise smaller footprints, larger temperature stability, cost-effective integration and high speeds. However, combining high speed and large modulation efficiencies in a single graphene-based device has remained elusive so far. In this work, we overcome this fundamental trade-off by demonstrating the 2D-3D dielectric integration in a high-quality encapsulated graphene device. We integrated hafnium oxide (HfO2) and two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) within the insulating section of a double-layer (DL) graphene EA modulator. This combination of materials allows for a high-quality modulator device with high performances: a ~39 GHz bandwidth (BW) with a three-fold increase in modulation efficiency compared to previously reported high-speed modulators. This 2D-3D dielectric integration paves the way to a plethora of electronic and opto-electronic devices with enhanced performance and stability, while expanding the freedom for new device designs.

Pyometra Management Practices in the High Quality, High Volume Spay-Neuter Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 100499
Author(s):  
Ashlee J. McCallin ◽  
Veronica A. Hough ◽  
Rachael E. Kreisler
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
High Volume ◽  
High Quality
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