Evaluation of Potential Alternative Ingredients for Formulation of Fish Feed

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 1081-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Nurhafa Imra Naqtahnain Hamid ◽  
Siti Jamilah Hanim Mohd Yusof ◽  
Zarina Zakaria ◽  
Rozaini Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
Freshwater Aquaculture ◽  
High Production Rate ◽  
Fish Feeds

Freshwater aquaculture has high production rate, but the inconsistency supply of feeds can lead to low quality of fish. This initiates a high demand of fish feeds with complete diet to assist in growth and performance of the reared fish. The conventional fish meal has high protein content but it is expensive and can lead to high manufacturing cost of fish feeds. Therefore, present study is conducted to demonstrate nutritional value in several potential ingredients for formulation of new and economically favorable fish feed formulation for catfish. Proximate analysis of earthworm powder, fish meal,leucaena leucocephalaleaves, soybean waste and rice bran was performed to analyze their moisture, ash, protein and crude fiber content. While amino acid analysis was carried out to obtain amino acid profiles. Based on the results, the selected ingredients demonstrated remarkable nutritional content which are required in the catfish diet, thus indicate their high potential as substitute ingredients in fish feed formulation.

scholarly journals Potential the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) in Feed Formulation for Growth of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-161
Author(s):  
Ayu Azkiyah Azizah ◽  
Arning Wilujeng Ekawati ◽  
Happy Nursyam
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The utilization of maggot as larvae from black soldier fly is an alternative substitution of fish meal as the primary protein source in fish feed. Maggot is cultivated in 3 different cultivation, the medium used is organic waste, tofu waste, and wheat pollard. The method that used in this research is Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replication. This study aims to determine the effect of various types of maggot growth media, 1) with maggot biomass parameters, containers, and growing media conditions maggot, 2) then, exact proximate composition, total amino acids content of the prepupae samples were determined. Based on the results of the analysis, each dose of treatment (media) has an influence on the different maggot biomass. The best media treatment results are pollard flour. The proximate analysis showed that BSF larvae had a protein content of 50,88% and also fat content of 15%.

scholarly journals TEPUNG DAUN SINGKONG (Monihot utilissima) TUA SEBAGAI SUMBER PROTEIN ALTERNATIF DALAM FORMULA PAKAN IKAN LELE (Clarias gariepinus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Syahrizal Syahrizal ◽  
Muarofah Ghofur ◽  
. Safratilofa ◽  
Rahmat Sam
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Protein Substitute ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Cassava Leaves ◽  
Alternative Protein

AbstractThe feed as a source of energy for the growth of fish is a component of the most important costs 40-89% and the quality should be good. The solution is through research. Research in the form of meal cassava leaves (Monihot utilissima) parents as a source of alternative protein substitute for fish meal in feed formulation catfish (Clarias gariepinus). The design used Complete Random Design with 4 treatments and 3 repetitions. The results showed that for the growth and the survival between treatments were not significant (P <0.5), meaning that all treatments were no differences can be categorized and feed ingredients of flour cassava leaves can replace most of the presence of meal fish  in fish feed formulas African catfish. Growth of the best catfish are on treatment A (55% meal cassava leaf: 00% fish meal) with daily growth of 8.27 grams was 2.61% and the B (40%% meal cassava leaves: 15% meal fish) 5.28 gram with daily growth is 1.86%, followed by C (15%%  meal cassava leaves: 15% meal fish ) 1:51% and D (0% meal cassava leaves : 55% meal fish ) 1:33%. Catfish survival rate was not significant (P <0.5), and relatively equally well A (96.17%), B (94.77) and C (95.92) and the best in treatment for D (96.37 ). As users are advised to wear formulations in treatment B (40% meal fish and 15%  meal cassava leaves old). Keywords: Catfish, Ffeed, Meal fish, Meal cassava leaves AbstrakPakan sebagai sumber energi bagi pertumbuhan ikan  merupakan komponen biaya yang paling besar 40-89%  dan kualitasnya harus baik. Solusinya melalui penelitian. Penelitian berupa tepung daun  singkong (Monihot utilissima) tua sebagai sumber protein alternatif penganti tepung ikan dalam formulasi pakan ikan lele (Clarias gariepinus). Rancangan digunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa untuk pertumbuhan dan kelulusan hidup antar perlakuan tidak signifikan (P < 0,5), artinya semua perlakuan  tidak ada perbedaan dan dapat dikatagorikan bahan pakan dari tepung daun singkong dapat mengantikan sebagian keberadaan tepung ikan dalam formula pakan ikan lele dumbo. Pertumbuhan ikan lele terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan A (55% tepung daun singkong : 00% tepung ikan) 8,27 gram dengan pertumbuhan harian adalah 2.61% dan  pada B (40%  % tepung daun singkong : 15% tepung ikan) 5,28 gram dengan pertumbuhan harian adalah 1.86%, diikuti C (15% % tepung daun singkong :15% tepung ikan) 1.51% dan D (0 % tepung daun singkong : 55% tepung ikan) 1.33%. Tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan lele tidak signifikan (P < 0,5), dan  relatif sama baiknya A (96,17%), B (94,77) dan C (95,92) dan terbaik pada perlakuan untuk D (96,37). Sebagai pengguna disarankan memakai formulasi pada perlakuan B (40% Tepung ikan dan 15% tepung daun singkong tua). Kata kunci: Ikan lele, Pakan, Tepung ikan, Tepung  Daun Singkong Tua

scholarly journals Utilization of Shrimp Shell Waste as Alternative Raw for Mariculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 324 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Tri Yulianto ◽  
Dwi Septiani Putri ◽  
Shavika Miranti ◽  
Wiwin Kusuma Atmaja Putra
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Shrimp Shell ◽  
Shrimp Shell Waste

Feed is still one of the problems in aquaculture because it takes about 70% of operational costs. High prices is caused by imported raw materials for feed production. One possible effort to overcome this problem is to find alternative local raw materials to replace imported fish meal. The purpose of this study was to examine the proximate content of shrimp shell wastes from processing shrimp crackers (Paneus sp.) to be used as shrimp flour. Samples were colledted three times in a month, at the beginning, middle and end of the month. The waste of the heads, shells and tails of the shrimp were turned into flour for laboratory testing through proximate analysis. The data were tabulated using the Microsoft Excel softwareand then analyzed descriptively by comparing the nutrient content of shrimp waste flour with the feed requirements of mariculture. The results showed that shrimp shell flour contained protein, fat, carbohydrates and ash content of around 27.4%, 2.07%, 14.84% and 47.27%. while the resulting randemen ranged from 81.75%. Therefore, shrimp shell flour can be used as an alternative raw material for preparing marine fish feed.

scholarly journals Assessment of growth performance of African catfish (Clariasgariepinus) fed with feed produced from blend of pigeon pea (Cajanuscajan) bambara groundnut (Vignasubterranea) and fish meal

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
C.N. Ishiwu ◽  
A.G. Opara ◽  
J.E. Obiegbuna ◽  
P.A. Okeke
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Fish Feeds

A 3-factor -factorial experiment (2K) was designed to produce fish feeds from mixture of pigeon pea, bambara groundnut and fish meal as major ingredients, while maize, red palm oil, salt and micro nutrient pre-mix were added as minor ingredients. The raw materials were processed into flours. The ingredients were weighed out in various ratios and mixed. The mixture was extruded; sun-dried and packaged and labeled F1-F8 and a commercial feed labeled F9 served as control. The feeds were feed to juvenile Clariasgariepinus kept in 9 separate plastic bowels and fed for 42 days. The forty-five fish of uniform weight and age were grouped into 9 and stocked in the nine artificial ponds, each pond contained five fish. The feeds were analyzed for proximate composition, while the growth performance of the fish was evaluated at the end of the feeding period. Result showed that F3 (20g pigeon pea, 20g Bambara ground nut and 16g fish meal) contains the highest protein (33.14 %) and F1(20g pigeon pea, 30g bambara ground nut and 16g fish meal) the least (23.13 %). F3 exhibited the highest specific growth rate (1.14 %) followed by the F9 (control) which contains 1.09%. The highest weight gain (16 g) was observed in the fish fed the control feed. However, F3 and F4 (20g pigeon pea, 30g bambara ground nut and 18g fish meal) ranked next to the control with respect to growth performance. It is therefore possible to produce quality catfish feed from bend of pigeon pea, Bambara ground nut and fish meal. Keywords: catfish, fish feed, bambara groundnut, pigeon pea, fish meal

scholarly journals Total Nitorgen Content from Earthworm (Eisenia Foetida) Using The Kjeldahl Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zarina Zakaria ◽  
Alina Rahayu Mohamed ◽  
Noor Hasyierah Mohd Salleh ◽  
Siti Nursheela Abu Mansor
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Full Factorial Design ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Digestion Time ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Kjeldahl Method ◽  
Full Factorial

In the fish aquaculture management, fish feed is identified as a major problem. The high cost and scarcity of fishmeal in formulated feeds have led to the use of other protein sources such as earthworms and animal by-product. Earthworm is an alternative protein source to replace the fish meal in the fish feed formulation. In this study, total nitrogen content in earthworm powder is determined using the Kjeldahl method by employing the statistical software, Full Factorial Design (FFD) which could provide the significant information about the studied parameters. The parameters are the digestion time (min) and the volume of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) (ml). From the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the volume of H2SO4and the interaction between digestion time and the volume of H2SO4arefound to be important parameters in the nitrogen determination process via the Kjeldahl method. The highest nitrogen content obtained was 12.23% when using 15 ml H2SO4 and 60 mins of digestion time. The value of R2 is 0.9986 which shows that the selected parameters (the digestion time and the volume of H2SO4) and its corresponding levels are highly correlated to the percentage nitrogen content in earthworm powder using the Kjeldahl method. ABSTRAK:Dalam pengurusan akuakultur ikan, makanan telah dikenalpasti sebagai masalah utama. Kos yang tinggi serta kekurangan sumber makanan telah menggalakkan pencarian sumber protein baru seperti cacing tanah dan hasil sampingan sembelihan haiwan ternakan. Cacing adalah sumber protein alternatif menggantikan ramuan ikan (fish meal) dalam formulasi makanan ikan. Dalam kajian ini, kandungan jumlah nitrogen dalam serbuk cacing tanah telah dianalisa menggunakan kaedah Kjeldahl dengan menggunapakai perisian statistikal iaitu Full Factorial Design (FFD) yang boleh memberikan maklumat yang penting berkenaan dengan parameter-parameter yang dikaji. Parameter-parameter tersebut adalah masa pencernaan (min) dan isipadu asid sulfurik (H2SO4) (ml). Daripada analisa varian (ANOVA), isipadu H2SO4 dan interaksi antara masa pencernaan dan isipadu H2SO4 telah dikenalpasti sebagai parameter-parameter utama dalam proses penentuan kandungan nitrogen melalui kaedah Kjeldahl. Kandungan nitrogen yang tertinggi diperolehi adalah 12.23% bila menggunakan 15 ml H2SO4 dan 60 minit masa pencernaan. Nilai R2 adalah 0.9986 menunjukkan bahawa parameter-parameter (masa pencernaan dan isipadu H2SO4) dan aras yang dipilih mempunyai perkaitan langsung yang tinggi dengan kandungan nitrogen dalam serbuk cacing dengan menggunakan kaedah Kjeldahl.KEYWORDS: nitrogen content;, earthworm; Kjeldahl method

scholarly journals Kandungan Gizi dan Profil Asam Amino Tepung Ikan Sepat Siam (Trichigaster pectoralis)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-185
Author(s):  
Wahyu Perdana Putra ◽  
Rodiana Nopianti ◽  
Herpandi Herpandi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Amino Acid Analysis ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

The purposes of this research were to investigate the nutritional content and profile amino acid of siamese gourami (Trichogaster pectoralis) fish meal. This research was conducted on Agustus 2016 until Oktober 2016. This research method used laboratory experiments and the result then analyzed descriptively. Parameters observed were proximate analysis consisting of moisture content, ash content, fat content and protein content, amino acid analysis and the analysis mineral of calcium and phosphorus. The result showed that water content, protein content, fat content, the ash content of siamese gourami for fish meal material were 79.27%, 5.08%, 3.50% and 3.16% respectively. While water content, protein content, fat content, the ash content of siamese gourami fish meal were 2.68%, 65.21%, 4.22%, 18.65% respectively. According to amino acid analysis, on siamese gourami for the material fish meal had detected 18 amino acid was detected that consist of 10 essential amino acid with the total value 69,437.92 mg/kg and 8 non-essential amino acid with the total value 68,448.62 mg/kg. While for siamese gourami fish meal had detected 18 amino acid that consists of 10 essential amino acid with the total value 366,629.6 mg/kg and 8 non-essential amino acid with the total value 381,846.88 mg/kg. The value for calsium and phosphorus siamese gourami (Trichogaster pectoralis) were 0.0034% and 0.1964% respectively. While the value for calcium and phosphorus of fish meal were 0.004% and 0.26% respectively and the whiteness value was 55.44%.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF MACRO NUTRITION IN DUO FISH (PENJA) BLACK AND WHITE AS FOOD LOCAL PALU

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Yusma Indah Jayadi ◽  
Abd Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Food Pattern ◽  
Central Sulawesi

Background & Objective: Food Pattern of Central Sulawesi Expectation has not fulfilled suggestion, potential of food product of Central Sulawesi one of them is fish duo, or commonly called penja. This study aims to analyze the nutritional content of fish meal duo which is a source of protein in the food potential of Palu City.  Materials and Methods: The type of this research is descriptive laboratory, conducted in Nutrition Laboratory of Animal Husbandry for fish feed and proximate analysis, research conducted from October until November 2016. Sampling technique using purposive sampling, fish duo (penja) sold in market Inpres. Production of duo fish meal (penja) in Animal Husbandry Laboratory and further measured proximal level of both samples.  Results: Black and white duo fish (penja) for moisture content have fulfilled the SNI of quality I that is 5.37% and 6.3%, the protein content has fulfilled the second quality SNI that is 56.6% and 54.19%, the fat content that meet the SNI the quality of I and II is 8.4% and 9.72%, the fiber content meets the SNI of quality II is 2.06% and 2.61% and the ash content meets the SNI of quality I is 10.5% and 8.9%. Conclusion: Black and white duo fish powder is higher in protein than starch. This research shows macro fish macro nutrition has fulfilled SNI I and quality II, protein is superior to fish meal

Production and use of farm-made fish feeds by small-scale pond fish farmers in Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
F.A. Anani, F.K.E. Nunoo, M. Steiner-Asiedu, N.W. Agbo, T.N.N. Nortey
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farming ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Cultured Fish ◽  
Fish Feeds ◽  
Commercial Feeds

The increasing costs of commercial fish feeds have made it imperative for most small-scale pond fish farmers in Ghana to resort to the use of alternative feed types to feed cultured fish. Some fish farmers rotate commercial feeds with farm-made types. This study was carried out to investigate the production and use of farm-made fish feeds by small-scale pond fish farmers in five major pond fish farming Regions (Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Volta and Western) in Ghana. Of the 147 farmers interviewed in all the five regions, 86 farmers used farm-made feeds of which 37 depended solely on farm-made feeds whilst 49 used both commercial and farm-made feeds. Farm-made feeds were produced using locally available ingredients and the most used oneswere groundnut bran (92%), fish meal (90%), wheat bran (74%) and maize (60%). The farmers did not follow appropriate and standardized feed formulation protocol during farm-made fish feed production. Hence, farm-made fish feeds produced by all farmers interviewed were found not to be nutritionally balanced. There is the need for small-scale pond fish farmers in Ghana to be trained in formulation and production of nutritionally balanced and cost-effective fish feeds so as to increase fish production through aquaculture in the country.

scholarly journals Effect of fish feeds with high vegetable oil and low fish oil content on the growth performance and innate immune system of common carp (preliminary results)

2009 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
László Ardó ◽  
Galina Jeney ◽  
András Rónyai ◽  
István Csengeri
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Fish Feeds

Fish meal and fish oil are very important components of fish feeds used by aquaculture. They contain poly-unsaturated fatty acids, which are essential nutrients both for fish and human nutrition. However, sources of fish meal and fish oil are limited, there is a need for new feed components to supply the increasing fish production and the increasing demand for fish feed. The aim of AQUAMAX project, supported by the European Union is to replace the fish meal and fish oil with vegetable oils. As a participant of this project, group of immunology in ResearchInstitute for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Irrigation (HAKI) examined the effect of three different fish feeds on the growth performance, innate immune response and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection of common carp in an in vivo experiment. Fish feed supplemented with Camelina oil, but still containing fish oil significantly increased growth performance of experimental fish and their resistance against the infection. Fish feed containing linseed oil only did not enhance the growth performance, and it had a negative effect on resistance against infection. Based on the experimental results it can be concluded that fish oil used in fish feeds cannot be replaced effectively with vegetable oils, but can be supplemented with them. 

scholarly journals Fish feeds and feed management practices in the Kenyan aquaculture sector: Challenges and opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Jonathan Munguti ◽  
Hannington Odame ◽  
James Kirimi ◽  
Kevin Obiero ◽  
Erick Ogello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Feed Industry ◽  
Feed Management ◽  
Fish Feeds

Abstract Feeds and feed management practices are key to the development of the aquaculture sector. To achieve high levels of aquaculture production, fish farmers need nutritionally adequate and cost-effective feeds, which are coupled with good feed management practices. Access to high quality and cost-effective feeds is one of the prerequisites to successful fish farming. This paper reviews the current status of the Kenyan fish feed industry and feed management practices. The review includes constraints and opportunities in fish feeds from a farmer’s perspective. The review shows that the fish feed industry has been boosted by the development of fish feed standards, which has ensured access to high-quality fish feeds by all farmers. Feed management practices considerably impact on the economic performance in fish production. Thus, adopting appropriate feed management technologies and feeding strategies is instrumental in maximizing aquaculture productivity. Some of the major challenges faced by fish farmers in the feed sector including limited access to finance, lack of appropriate technical innovations, limited knowledge in feed formulation and processing and poor feed handling and storage are discussed. These challenges pose limitation in investment opportunities for a viable and sustainable fish feed processing and manufacturing to meet the rising demand occasioned by increased demand for fish food in Kenya. There is a huge potential to develop public-private partnerships with farmer groups to improve access to training and information dissemination on feeds availability and quality. Training fish farmers on feed formulation using locally available feed ingredients provide an opportunity to reduce feed costs, increase feeding efficiency and improve profitability. This paper reviews the current status of the Kenyan fish feed industry and feed management practices including constraints and opportunities from a farmer’s perspective.

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