Production and use of farm-made fish feeds by small-scale pond fish farmers in Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
F.A. Anani, F.K.E. Nunoo, M. Steiner-Asiedu, N.W. Agbo, T.N.N. Nortey
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farming ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Cultured Fish ◽  
Fish Feeds ◽  
Commercial Feeds

The increasing costs of commercial fish feeds have made it imperative for most small-scale pond fish farmers in Ghana to resort to the use of alternative feed types to feed cultured fish. Some fish farmers rotate commercial feeds with farm-made types. This study was carried out to investigate the production and use of farm-made fish feeds by small-scale pond fish farmers in five major pond fish farming Regions (Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Volta and Western) in Ghana. Of the 147 farmers interviewed in all the five regions, 86 farmers used farm-made feeds of which 37 depended solely on farm-made feeds whilst 49 used both commercial and farm-made feeds. Farm-made feeds were produced using locally available ingredients and the most used oneswere groundnut bran (92%), fish meal (90%), wheat bran (74%) and maize (60%). The farmers did not follow appropriate and standardized feed formulation protocol during farm-made fish feed production. Hence, farm-made fish feeds produced by all farmers interviewed were found not to be nutritionally balanced. There is the need for small-scale pond fish farmers in Ghana to be trained in formulation and production of nutritionally balanced and cost-effective fish feeds so as to increase fish production through aquaculture in the country.

scholarly journals Fish feeds and feed management practices in the Kenyan aquaculture sector: Challenges and opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Jonathan Munguti ◽  
Hannington Odame ◽  
James Kirimi ◽  
Kevin Obiero ◽  
Erick Ogello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Feed Industry ◽  
Feed Management ◽  
Fish Feeds

Abstract Feeds and feed management practices are key to the development of the aquaculture sector. To achieve high levels of aquaculture production, fish farmers need nutritionally adequate and cost-effective feeds, which are coupled with good feed management practices. Access to high quality and cost-effective feeds is one of the prerequisites to successful fish farming. This paper reviews the current status of the Kenyan fish feed industry and feed management practices. The review includes constraints and opportunities in fish feeds from a farmer’s perspective. The review shows that the fish feed industry has been boosted by the development of fish feed standards, which has ensured access to high-quality fish feeds by all farmers. Feed management practices considerably impact on the economic performance in fish production. Thus, adopting appropriate feed management technologies and feeding strategies is instrumental in maximizing aquaculture productivity. Some of the major challenges faced by fish farmers in the feed sector including limited access to finance, lack of appropriate technical innovations, limited knowledge in feed formulation and processing and poor feed handling and storage are discussed. These challenges pose limitation in investment opportunities for a viable and sustainable fish feed processing and manufacturing to meet the rising demand occasioned by increased demand for fish food in Kenya. There is a huge potential to develop public-private partnerships with farmer groups to improve access to training and information dissemination on feeds availability and quality. Training fish farmers on feed formulation using locally available feed ingredients provide an opportunity to reduce feed costs, increase feeding efficiency and improve profitability. This paper reviews the current status of the Kenyan fish feed industry and feed management practices including constraints and opportunities from a farmer’s perspective.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Fungi and Fungal Toxins in Fish Feed during Storage

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Constanze Pietsch ◽  
Georg Müller ◽  
Sulayman Mourabit ◽  
Simon Carnal ◽  
Kasun Bandara
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Fungal Toxins ◽  
Fish Feeds

Periods of unfavorable storing conditions can lead to changes in the quality of fish feeds, as well as the development of relevant mycotoxins. In the present study, a commercial fish feed was stored under defined conditions for four weeks. The main findings indicate that even storing fish feeds under unsuitable conditions for a short duration leads to a deterioration in quality. Mycotoxin and fungal contamination were subsequently analyzed. These investigations confirmed that different storage conditions can influence the presence of fungi and mycotoxins on fish feed. Notably, ochratoxin A (OTA) was found in samples after warm (25 °C) and humid (>60% relative humidity) treatment. This confirms the importance of this compound as a typical contaminant of fish feed and reveals how fast this mycotoxin can be formed in fish feed during storage.

PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS PROSES PRODUKSI PAKAN IKAN DENGAN MENERAPKAN QUALITY CONTROL PRODUKSI (QCP) DI PT CENTRAL PERTIWI BAHARI

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Putri Endah Suwarni ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Control Chart ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Machine Productivity ◽  
Fish Feeds ◽  
Product Defect ◽  
Major Defect

Abstract The research method used is P-Chart method, with diagram of upper and lower control chart, check sheet, pareto diagram, and cause and effect diagram. The result of analysis using Pareto Diagram can be seen that from 199,880 kg or 0.6097% defective product, it is dominant defect 0.4282% in Size, 0.0981% in Floating, 0.0633% in Moisture, 0.0150% in Belang, and Others 0.0051%. Occurrence of fish feeds product defect caused by material factors, machine, methods, and man. Based on these factors that affect the quality of fish feeds are lack of training and lack of skill, exhaustion and negligence, lack of socialization of SOP (Standard Operating Procedures) and techniques in improper mixing, poor quality materials and material storage is too long , decreased machine productivity and lack of maintenance or maintenance of machinery. Application of quality control of fish feed production process at PT Central Pertiwi Bahari has been running well, this is proved by the percentage of major defect that does not exceed the maximum standards specified by the company. Keywords: quality control, check sheet, pareto diagram, cause-effect diagram, control chart (p-chart).

scholarly journals Key limitations of fish feeds, feed management practices, and opportunities in Kenya’s aquaculture enterprise

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 17415-17434
Author(s):  
Jonathan Munguti ◽  
◽  
K Obiero ◽  
H Odame ◽  
J Kirimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
East African ◽  
African Region ◽  
Feed Quality ◽  
Feed Management ◽  
Fish Feeds ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
On Farm

Profitability is key in fish farming, just as it is to any other enterprise. For the farmers to actualize high-profit margins, it is imperative to have access to well-balanced nutritive and cost-effective feeds, backed by sound on-farm feed management practices. This paper auditsKenya’sfish feed industry and the on-going on-farm feed management practices, and emerging opportunities for fish farmers. The development of fish feed quality standards has boosted the aquaculture sector in Kenya, providing them hope that farmers will access high quality fish feeds. Much of the fish feed currently being used in Kenya is produced on-farm or by small-scale fish feed manufacturers within the East African region, while a few are imported directly from overseas countries, notably Israel, Netherlands, Mauritius and Denmark. Fish feeds produced by small-scale manufacturers are not closely monitored by quality standard agencies and not surprising that a majority are of poor quality. The improvement in the quality of these feeds is likely to lead to increased productivity and profitability because they are cheaper and readily available to fish farmers, compared to imported fish feeds. Besides feed quality, feed management practices markedly impact both the growth and economic performance of fish production. Adopting appropriate feed management strategies, therefore, is instrumental in the maximization of fish production and economic returns. Research has demonstrated several strategies for best feed management practices, which have not hitherto, been adopted by fish farmers in Kenya. Farmers have mainly focused on the mode of delivery of feeds to the fish. Furthermore, promoting natural pond productivity and supplementary feeding is still a common practice in the East African region. Provision of species-specific feeds and targeting the nutritional requirements of the different life stages of fish is still a major issue, although some local companies like Unga Farm Care(EA)have come up with a size and species-specific feed for catfish such as Fugro catfish®.To improve access to such information,public-private partnerships should be developed and, programmes that utilize the local media platforms such as extension service outlets must also be encouraged. Feed quality checks can also be carried out amongst fish feed suppliers. Lastly, farmers should be trained in various fish feed aspects like formulation, transportation and storage to sustain a steady fishfeed supply andsave on associated feed costs.

scholarly journals Growth performances and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792) cultured using different market feeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-88
Author(s):  
Kaniz Fatema ◽  
Md Nazmus Sakib ◽  
Md Al Zahid ◽  
Nahid Sultana ◽  
Md Rakibul Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Anabas Testudineus ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Cultured Fish ◽  
Fish Feeds

The study was conducted to determine growth performances and bioaccumulation of Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb and Ni in fish organs such as intestines, muscle and gills of study species after culturing them for twelve weeks by using different commercial fish feeds. The highest average daily gain (ADG, g/day) and specific growth rate (SGR; %/day) were found in fish fed quality feed and lowest values were found in the fish fed mega feed. Best feed conversion ratio (FCR) value was found in fish fed quality feed among five different feeds. In cultured Koi, the concentration of heavy metals were found higher than initial concentration in fish feeds and collected fingerling samples. Heavy metal levels in cultured fish was Cu > Pb > Cr > Cd > Ni and levels of bioaccumulation in individual organs was intestines > gills > muscle. The concentration of Cu, Pb and Cr exceed the tolerable limit approved by FAO in fishes cultured with the experimental feeds. Considering the present study, Koi cultured with these experimental feeds may not safe for human consumption. Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 77-88, 2019

scholarly journals A Survey of the Nutrient Composition of Some Commercial Fish Feeds Available in Bangladesh

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. KADER ◽  
M.A. HOSSAIN ◽  
M.R. HASAN
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Fish Feeds ◽  
Lower Protein

A study was undertaken to analyse and compare the nutrient content of some commercial fish feeds available in Bangladesh through chemical analysis. The commercial fish feeds collected from the markets were Quality Feeds Ltd. (QF), Aftab Feed Products Ltd. (AF), Saudi-Bangla Fish Feed Ltd. (SBF), Paragon Feeds Ltd. (PF) and AIT Feeds Ltd. (AIT). Proximate composition such as moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, ash, fibre and NFE (nitrogen free extract), and some of the macro minerals such as Ca, P, Na, K and S were analysed. In general, there was no large variation between analysed and company declared nutrient contents of different feeds except the protein and lipid content of some feeds. However, two pangas feeds such as Surovi (nursery and grower) of QF had much lower protein content (27.57% and 20.24%) compared to 32% and 25% protein value respectively declared by the company. Similarly, large (more than 5%) differences between the analysed and company declared protein content was observed in case of carp starter and grower feeds of QF. On the other hand, analysed protein content of all feeds of SBF was more than that declared by the company except for special shrimp feed which had slightly lower (1%) protein compared to the company declared value. Pangas feeds (grower I and II) of PF had about 3% lower protein than the company declared value. The analysed lipid contents of all feeds were higher than the company declared values except nursery feeds of QF which had about 1-2% less lipid content compared to the company declared value. Fibre contents of different feeds analysed were much higher (3-5%) than the company declared values. The analysed mineral contents in all the feeds were higher than the recommended mineral requirement for fishes. The results of the study showed that on the basis of nutrient content feeds from Saudi-Bangla Fish Feed Ltd. is better than other feeds.

scholarly journals Nutrients and Energy Digestibility of Microalgal Biomass for Fish Feed Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13211
Author(s):  
Senthil Nagappan Annamalai ◽  
Probir Das ◽  
Mahmoud I. A. Thaher ◽  
Mohammad Abdul Quadir ◽  
Shoyeb Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Lower Production ◽  
Aquafeed Ingredients

Aquafeed accounts for at least 75–90% of aquaculture’s operating costs. Traditional aquafeed ingredients such as fishmeal, fish oil, and soybean meal are unsustainable; further, their increasing cost necessities developing alternative feed ingredients. Microalgae-based aquafeed is not only environmentally friendly, but it can also be cost-effective with proper optimization. In addition, the nutrition profile of microalgae is similar to that of many fishes. The digestibility of a feed is one of the most important factors to consider in feed formulation. A highly digestible feed can lower production costs, reduce feed waste, and reduce the risk of eutrophication. This review discusses the digestibility of various nutrients such as protein, lipid, carbohydrate, amino acids, and fatty acids (including omega-3 fatty acids), dry matter, and energy of various microalgae in fish. Other commonly used aquafeed ingredients were also compared to microalgae in terms of nutrient and energy digestibility in fish. The intrinsic characteristics of microalgae, biomass pretreatment, and feed preparation methods are all discussed as factors that contribute to the nutrient and energy digestibility of microalgae in fish. Furthermore, methods for increasing the digestibility of microalgal biomass in fish are suggested. Finally, the review concludes with the challenges and prospects of using microalgae as a fish feed in terms of digestibility.

scholarly journals Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758) fed with commercial fish feeds

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Md Iqbal Hossain ◽  
Badhan Saha ◽  
Mahmuda Begum ◽  
Nusrat Jahan Punom ◽  
Mst Khadiza Begum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Fish Feeds ◽  
Commercial Feeds

The study was carried out to determine the concentration of heavy metals in some commonly used commercial fish feeds and to observe the bioaccumulation of Cr, Cu, Cd and Ni in liver, muscle and gills of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus after culturing them for 60 days by feeding those commercial feeds. The study revealed that the concentration of Cu was the highest (65.08 mg/kg) in handmade feed (B1) among four heavy metals. The concentrations of Cr in collected feeds were 1.75 to 3.04 mg/kg, which exceeds the permissible limit set by FAO. In cultured tilapia, the concentrations of studied heavy metals were found higher than initial concentration in fish feeds and in tilapia fingerlings. Metal levels in cultured fish followed the ranking of Cu>Cr>Ni>Cd and order in individual organs was liver>gill>muscle. The highest concentration of Cu (72.86 mg/kg) was found in liver given S feed and the lowest concentration (0.67 mg/kg) was in muscle receiving Q feed. Bioaccumulation of Cr was the highest (23.95 mg/kg) in liver taken B1 feed and the lowest (9.29 mg/kg) in muscle of tilapia cultured with C feed. Concentration of Cu exceeded the tolerable limit in fishes cultured with S and C feeds. But Cr concentration surpassed the allowable limit in every feed studied. The concentrations of Ni and Cd were below the permissible range approved by FAO. Considering the present study, tilapia cultured with these experimental feeds is not safe for human consumption. Higher concentration of these heavy metals exceeding allowable limit may cause harmful effect on human body after consumption of those fishes and can create cancer and other diseases in human body.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 29(2): 89-99, December-2016

Evaluation of Potential Alternative Ingredients for Formulation of Fish Feed

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 1081-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Nurhafa Imra Naqtahnain Hamid ◽  
Siti Jamilah Hanim Mohd Yusof ◽  
Zarina Zakaria ◽  
Rozaini Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
Freshwater Aquaculture ◽  
High Production Rate ◽  
Fish Feeds

Freshwater aquaculture has high production rate, but the inconsistency supply of feeds can lead to low quality of fish. This initiates a high demand of fish feeds with complete diet to assist in growth and performance of the reared fish. The conventional fish meal has high protein content but it is expensive and can lead to high manufacturing cost of fish feeds. Therefore, present study is conducted to demonstrate nutritional value in several potential ingredients for formulation of new and economically favorable fish feed formulation for catfish. Proximate analysis of earthworm powder, fish meal,leucaena leucocephalaleaves, soybean waste and rice bran was performed to analyze their moisture, ash, protein and crude fiber content. While amino acid analysis was carried out to obtain amino acid profiles. Based on the results, the selected ingredients demonstrated remarkable nutritional content which are required in the catfish diet, thus indicate their high potential as substitute ingredients in fish feed formulation.

scholarly journals Use of Livestock and Plant Agro-Waste in the Production of Organic Feed and Its Effect on the Physiology of Albino Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-310
Author(s):  
B.M. Onyegeme-Okerenta ◽  
B.C. Amadi ◽  
M.O. Wegwu
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Formulated Diets ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Commercial Feeds ◽  
Formulated Feed

The need to consider agricultural wastes as resources for organic feed formulation has been of interest to researchers. This study was aimed at investigating the use of some livestock and plant agro-wastes in the production of organic feed and its effect on the physiology of albino Wistar rats. A total of 30 weaning rats were separated into six (6) different groups with 5 rats per group. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were fed with known commercial feed -Vital, Top and Hybrid feeds respectively, Group 4 was fed with corn only, while Groups 5 and 6 were fed with indigenous formulated feed FF1 and FF2 respectively - derived from some local livestock and agro-waste. Phytochemical constituents and proximate composition of the various feeds were carried out. The animals were fed for 7 weeks during which anthropometric measurement and data were collected. Blood samples were collected via venipuncture after seven weeks for biochemical and haematology analysis. The result of the proximate analysis of the formulated feeds showed protein values of  30.00±3.00 (FF1) and 22.00±1.00 (FF2) as against 18%, 21% and 22% for Vital, Top and Hybrid feeds respectively. The haematology  indices showed that the various feeds improved erythropoietic functions. Similarly, the Biochemical functions of the commercial feeds and Formulated diets can support growth and maintain homeostasis. Conclusively, this study has demonstrated an added advantage in the use of agro-wastes and their biotransformation into a cost-effective replacement for commercial feeds. Keywords: Commercial feeds, Formulated feeds, Wistar rats, Corn

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