scholarly journals Evaluation of anti-oxidant status in-vitro and in-vivo in hydro-alcoholic extract of Eugenia caryophyllus

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Roma Ghai ◽  
Kandasamy Nagarajan ◽  
Jitendra Singh ◽  
Shiwam Swarup ◽  
Minu Keshari
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Oxidant Status

<p>Free radicals mediated oxidative stress is the major risk factor for many chronic diseases like atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, arthritis, cancer, ageing and neurodegenerative diseases. Therapy with anti-oxidants is gradually gaining lot of importance for treatment of such diseases. Hydro-alcoholic extract of <em>Eugenia caryophyllus</em> was studied for its <em>in-vivo</em> antioxidant activity using two different animal models viz. Triton induced hyperlipidemia and High fat diet induced hyperlipidemia. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content, DPPH assay was also carried out for <em>in vitro</em> anti-oxidant efficacy. Total protein, lipid peroxidation (MDA), reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase were evaluated in the liver tissue in Triton induced hyperlipidemia and diet induced hyperlipidemia models. The study findings indicated significant <em>in-vivo</em> and <em>in-vitro</em> antioxidant property that may be related to the amount of polyphenols and flavonoids present in the extract. These results clearly indicate that <em>Eugenia caryophyllus</em> is effective against free radical mediated oxidative stress.</p>

scholarly journals NEPHRO-PROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ISOLATED METHANOL FRACTIONS PHYTO-COMPOUND FROM BARK OF TERMINALIA ARJUNA

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Shreya Mandal ◽  
Arpita Patra ◽  
Shrabani Pradhan ◽  
Suchismita Roy ◽  
Animesh Samanta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Terminalia Arjuna ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Methanol Fraction ◽  
Group I ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant property of the isolated phytocompounds from TA (Terminalia arjuna) bark and in vivo study for nephro-protective and oxidative stress reducing activity in experimentally induced albino male rats.Methods: Fractions from methanol crude TA extract were collected by column chromatography and F27, F28, F29 fractions were selected on the basis of antioxidant property by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay. The in vivo study performed by 30 albino male rats which were randomly divided into five groups: Group I (control)were taken normal food and water, Groups II (uremic) were injected acetaminophen intraperitoneally at the dose of 500 mg/kg/d for 10 d, Group III, IV and V(extract treatment) acetaminophen intraperitoneally at the dose of 500 mg/kg/d for 10 d with co-administered orally of methanol fraction F27, F28, F29 at the dose of 100 mg/kg/d for 15 d respectively.Results: After scarification of rats, the uremic marker plasma urea (80%), creatinine (85%) were elevated and antioxidant enzyme marker such as plasma SOD and catalase level were significantly increased (p<0.05)in Group IV compared to Group II. The total phenolic content of the F28 methanolic fraction was (815.48±8.11) mg gallic acid equivalent/g of extract. For isolation of available compound by 1H NMR study in F28 methanol fraction of TA bark was arjunoside IV which contained olefinic proton (a pair of carbon atom linked with double bond).Conclusion: Among the three methanolic fraction of TA bark, F28 was shown best antioxidative, nephron-protective and oxidative stress reducing property. 

scholarly journals Root extracts of Anacardium occidentale reduce hyperglycemia and oxidative stress in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
TM Archana ◽  
K Soumya ◽  
Jesna James ◽  
Sudheesh Sudhakaran
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Root Extracts

Abstract Background Hyperglycemia is the hallmark of diabetes, and the associated oxidative stress is a major concern that invites an array of diabetic complications. The traditional practices of medicare are of great, current interest due to the high cost and side effects of conventional diabetic medications. The present in vitro study focuses on evaluating the potential of various A. occidentale root extracts for their antihyperglycemic and antioxidant potentials. Materials and methods The four different solvent extracts petroleum ether (PEAO), chloroform (CHAO), ethyl acetate (EAAO), and 80 % methanol (80 % MAO) of A. occidentale roots were evaluated for their total phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant capacity. Using MIN6 pancreatic β-cells, the cytotoxicity of the extracts was evaluated by MTT assay and the antidiabetic potential by quantifying the insulin levels by ELISA at a higher concentration of glucose. The effect of 80 % MAO on INS gene expression was determined by qRT PCR analysis. Results Among the four different solvent extracts of A. occidentale roots, 80 % MAO showed the highest concentration of phenolics (437.33 ± 0.03 µg GAE/mg), CHAO to be a rich source of flavonoids (46.04 ± 0.1 µg QE/mg) and with the highest total antioxidant capacity (1865.33 ± 0.09 µg AAE/ mg). Evaluation of the free radical scavenging and reducing properties of the extracts indicated 80 % MAO to exhibit the highest activity. The MTT assay revealed the least cytotoxicity of all four extracts. 80 % MAO enhanced INS up-regulation as well as insulin secretion even under high glucose concentration (27mM). Conclusions The present study demonstrated that the A. occidentale root extracts have effective antihyperglycemic and antioxidative properties, together with the potential of normalizing the insulin secretory system of β-cells. Above mentioned properties have to be studied further by identifying the active principles of A. occidentale root extracts and in vivo effects. The prospect of the present study is identifying drug leads for better management of diabetes from the A. occidentale root extracts. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Phytopharmacological Evaluation of Alcoholic Extract of Berberis aristata Leaf in the Treatment of Gastric Ulcer

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ratnaker Singh ◽  
Y. Trilochana
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antiulcer Activity ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Dose Dependent

For over a century, peptic ulcer has been one of the most common gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorder. There are number of drugs are now available for treatment. Drugs of herbal origin reduce the offensive factors and have proved to be safe, clinically effective, relatively less expensive, globally competitive, and with better patient tolerance.This study was performed to assess the anti-ulcer activity on different parts of B.aristata. Apart from that, acute toxicity, qualitative chemical analysis, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content(TFC) and in vitro antioxidant activities were evaluated. The potentially active plant part was selected for screening as gastro protective, in vivo antioxidant and antisecretory activities in ulcerated rats.The 50% ethanolic extract of B. aristata were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening, estimation of TFC and TPC. The crude extract from the leaves of B. aristata gave best antiulcer activity among flower and stem. In acute toxicity studies, the administration of the crude extract of B. aristata leaves did not reveal any adverse effects or toxicity in rats at fourteen days observations.The results of these studies have shown that ethylexract of B.aristata leaf (EEBAL) produced a significant dose dependent ulcerprotective, antioxidant and antisecretory activity by blocking the activity of proton pump, protecting from antioxidants produced during stress induced ulcer and by enhancing glycoprotein levels.

scholarly journals Wild Italian Prunus spinosa L. Fruit Exerts In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity and Protects Against In Vitro and In Vivo Oxidative Stress

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Luisa Pozzo ◽  
Rossella Russo ◽  
Stefania Frassinetti ◽  
Francesco Vizzarri ◽  
Július Árvay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Prunus Spinosa

Polyphenol-rich foods could have a pivotal function in the prevention of oxidative stress-based pathologies and antibacterial action. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activity, as well as the in vitro and In Vivo antioxidant capacities of wild Prunus spinosa L. fruit (PSF) from the southeast regions of Italy. The total phenolic content (TPC) was quantified, and the single polyphenols were analyzed by HPLC-DAD, showing high rutin and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid levels, followed by gallic and trans-sinapic acids. PSF extract demonstrated antimicrobial activity against some potentially pathogenic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Besides, we investigated the cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) and the hemolysis inhibition of PSF extract on human erythrocytes, evidencing both a good antioxidant power and a marked hemolysis inhibition. Furthermore, an In Vivo experiment with oxidative stress-induced rats treated with a high-fat diet (HFD) and a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ) demonstrated that PSF has a dose-dependent antioxidant capacity both in liver and in brain. In conclusion, the wild Italian Prunus spinosa L. fruit could be considered a potentially useful material for both nutraceutical and food industries because of its antioxidant and antimicrobial effects.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content of Various Solvent Extracts fromIn VivoandIn VitroGrownTrifolium pratenseL. (Red Clover)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Khorasani Esmaeili ◽  
Rosna Mat Taha ◽  
Sadegh Mohajer ◽  
Behrooz Banisalam
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Flavonoid Content

In the present study the extracts ofin vivoandin vitrogrown plants as well as callus tissue of red clover were tested for their antioxidant activities, using different extraction solvent and different antioxidant assays. The total flavonoid and phenolic contents as well as extraction yield of the extracts were also investigated to determine their correlation with the antioxidant activity of the extracts. Among all the tested extracts the highest amounts of total phenolic and total flavonoids content were found in methanol extract ofin vivogrown plants. The antioxidant activity of tested samples followed the orderin vivoplant extract > callus extract >in vitroextract. The highest reducing power, 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, and chelating power were found in methanol extracts ofin vivogrown red clover, while the chloroform fraction ofin vivogrown plants showed the highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging and hydrogen peroxide scavenging compared to the other tested extracts. A significant correlation was found between the antioxidant activity of extracts and their total phenolic and total flavonoid content. According to the findings, the extract ofin vitroculture of red clover especially the callus tissue possesses a comparable antioxidant activity to thein vivocultured plants’ extract.

scholarly journals Anti-Obesity Effect of Extract from Nelumbo Nucifera L., Morus Alba L., and Raphanus Sativus Mixture in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and C57BL/6J Obese Mice

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Sup Sim ◽  
Sun-Il Choi ◽  
Bong-Yeon Cho ◽  
Seung-Hyun Choi ◽  
Xionggao Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Nelumbo Nucifera ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat

The antioxidant and anti-adipogenic activities of a mixture of Nelumbo nucifera L., Morus alba L., and Raphanus sativus were investigated and their anti-obesity activities were established in vitro and in vivo. Among the 26 different mixtures of extraction solvent and mixture ratios, ethanol extract mixture no. 1 (EM01) showed the highest antioxidant (α,α-Diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl, total phenolic contents) and anti-adipogenic (Oil-Red O staining) activities. EM01 inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes compared to quercetin-3-O-glucuronide. Furthermore, body, liver, and adipose tissue weights decreased in the high-fat diet (HFD)-EM01 group compared to in the high-fat diet control group (HFD-CTL). EM01 lowered blood glucose levels elevated by the HFD. Lipid profiles were improved following EM01 treatment. Serum adiponectin significantly increased, while leptin, insulin growth factor-1, non-esterified fatty acid, and glucose significantly decreased in the HFD-EM01 group. Adipogenesis and lipogenesis-related genes were suppressed, while fat oxidation-related genes increased following EM01 administration. Thus, EM01 may be a natural anti-obesity agent.

scholarly journals Endometriosis Susceptibility to Dapsone-Hydroxylamine-Induced Alterations Can Be Prevented by Licorice Intake: In Vivo and In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8476
Author(s):  
Chiara Sabbadin ◽  
Alessandra Andrisani ◽  
Gabriella Donà ◽  
Elena Tibaldi ◽  
Anna Maria Brunati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Licorice Extract ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Gynecological Disease

Endometriosis, an estrogen-dependent chronic gynecological disease, is characterized by a systemic inflammation that affects circulating red blood cells (RBC), by reducing anti-oxidant defenses. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential beneficial effects of licorice intake to protect RBCs from dapsone hydroxylamine (DDS-NHOH), a harmful metabolite of dapsone, commonly used in the treatment of many diseases. A control group (CG, n = 12) and a patient group (PG, n = 18) were treated with licorice extract (25 mg/day), for a week. Blood samples before (T0) and after (T1) treatment were analyzed for: i) band 3 tyrosine phosphorylation and high molecular weight aggregates; and ii) glutathionylation and carbonic anhydrase activity, in the presence or absence of adjunctive oxidative stress induced by DDS-NHOH. Results were correlated with plasma glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) concentrations, measured by HPLC–MS. Results showed that licorice intake decreased the level of DDS-NHOH-related oxidative alterations in RBCs, and the reduction was directly correlated with plasma GA concentration. In conclusion, in PG, the inability to counteract oxidative stress is a serious concern in the evaluation of therapeutic approaches. GA, by protecting RBC from oxidative assault, as in dapsone therapy, might be considered as a new potential tool for preventing further switching into severe endometriosis.

scholarly journals Parkinson Disease-Linked Parkin Mediates Redox Reactions That Lower Oxidative Stress In Mammalian Brain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel N. El Kodsi ◽  
Jacqueline M. Tokarew ◽  
Rajib Sengupta ◽  
Nathalie A. Lengacher ◽  
Andy C. Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Oxidative Modification ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Anti Oxidant

SUMMARYWe recently hypothesized that parkin plays a role in redox homeostasis and provided evidence that it directly reduces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in vitro. Here, we examined this anti-oxidant activity in vivo. Informed by findings in human brain, we demonstrate that elevated oxidative stress promotes parkin insolubility in mice. In normal mouse brain parkin was partially oxidized, e.g., at cysteines 195 and 252, which was augmented by oxidative stress. Although under basal conditions H2O2 levels were unchanged in adult prkn-/- brain, a parkin-dependent reduction of cytosolic H2O2 was observed when mitochondria were impaired, either due to neurotoxicant exposure (MPTP) or Sod2 haploinsufficiency. In accordance, markers of oxidative stress, e.g., protein carbonylation and nitrotyrosination, were elevated in the cytosol but not in mitochondria from prkn-/- mice. Nevertheless, this rise in oxidative stress led to changes in mitochondrial enzyme activities and the metabolism of glutathione in cells and mammalian brain. In parkin’s absence reduced glutathione concentrations were increased including in human cortex. This compensation was not due to new glutathione synthesis but attributed to elevated oxidized glutathione (GSSG)-reductase activity. Moreover, we discovered that parkin also recycled GSSG to its reduced form. With this reaction, parkin became S-glutathionylated, e.g., at cysteines 59 and human-specific 95. This oxidative modification was reversed by glutaredoxin. Our results demonstrate that cytosolic parkin mediates anti-oxidant reactions including H2O2 reduction and glutathione regeneration. These reducing activities lead to a range of oxidative modifications in parkin itself. In parkin-deficient brain oxidative stress rises despite changes to maintain redox balance.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF ALCOHOLIC ROOTS EXTRACT OF EUPHORBIA HIRTA LINN. – IN VITRO

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
RASHMI WADHWA ◽  
PANKAJ GUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Euphorbia Hirta

Objective: The main objective of the present study was to undergo an investigation on free radical scavenging activity of the roots of Euphorbia hirta Linn. and was compared with a standard antioxidant compound like ascorbic acid. Methods: Euphorbia hirta roots extract was tested for total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, and in vitro antioxidant activity by 1, 1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay (DPPH) assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging assay, and nitric oxide scavenging assay. Results: The alcoholic roots extract of E. hirta was screened for free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities using three different methods. It was found that percentage inhibition of the extract was concentration-dependent. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were found to be 265.72±1.3 and 45.67±1.14, respectively. The alcoholic extract of E. hirta produced a dose-dependent inhibition of superoxide radicals ranging from 40.14±0.14 to 70.93±0.10. The mean IC50 values for DPPH radical by root extract of E. hirta and ascorbic acid were found to be 18.12 μg/ml and 13.17 μg/ ml, respectively. The alcoholic extract of E. hirta produced dose-dependent inhibition of nitric oxide radicals scavenging effect ranging from 17.05±0.18 to 51.08±0.30. The alcoholic extract of E. hirta and ascorbic acid shows mean IC50 values for superoxide radical as 23.64 μg/ml and 14.36 μg/ml, respectively. Conclusions: The present study showed that E. hirta possesses a considerable amount of both phenolic and flavonoid content. The alcoholic root extract also shows good antioxidant potential. The results of the present study also encourage for further in vivo studies and isolation and characterization of active compounds.

scholarly journals Gliquidone improves retinal injury to relieve diabetic retinopathy via regulation of SIRT1/Notch1 pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengdan Yu ◽  
Lijun Zhang ◽  
Shasha Sun ◽  
Zhenhua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Retinal Injury ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Related Enzyme ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common and potentially devastating microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). The main features of DR are inflammation and oxidative damage. Gliquidone (GLI) is confirmed to be a hypoglycemic drug by oral administration. The current study is aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of GLI on the pathogenesis of DR. Methods High glucose (HG)-induced human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) were used to explore the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of GLI on DR in vitro. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM rats were used to investigate the effects of GLI on retinal structures, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The levels of SIRT1/Notch1 pathway-related proteins were determined by western blotting. Results GLI treatment promoted the viability and inhibited the apoptosis of HG-induced HRECs. Meanwhile, the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumour necrosis factor alpha and reactive oxygen species were suppressed, while both catalase and superoxide dismutase were elevated after GLI treatment in HG-induced HRECs. Furthermore, we found that Silencing information regulator 2 related enzyme 1 (SIRT1) silencing reversed the inhibiting effects of GLI on the levels of protein Notch1 and effector genes Hes1 and Hey2. Similar anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of GLI in STZ-induced DM rats were observed. Additionally, GLI administration also repressed vascular hyperpermeability in vivo. Conclusion GLI may be an effective agent to improve DR through repression of inflammation and oxidative stress via SIRT1/Notch1 pathway.

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