scholarly journals Social Tags of Select Books Written by Mahatma Gandhi a Comparative Study of Library Thing Tags and OCLC Fast Subject Headings

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (01) ◽  
pp. 382-387
Author(s):  
Sachin Katagi ◽  
Dr. Bhakti Gala
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Social Reforms ◽  
Mahatma Gandhi ◽  
Subject Headings ◽  
Computer Library ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Standard Terms

Retrieval to specific information is critical to user satisfaction in today’s semantic web environment. Users use various terms, nomenclatures and words for aiding mnemonic value to identify concepts for future access and sharing with community members. Social tagging has emerged as a popular option for the millennials to address this issue Tagging is a convenient way used by today’s users for naming their web resources in their own terms. In this study a comparative study was carried out between the standardised Online Computer Library Centre (OCLC) Faceted Application of Subject Terminology (FAST) Subject headings and the popular user-generated tags observed on the LibraryThing website for select books written by Mahatma Gandhi, the iconic Father of Modern India, who was also a prolific writer. M K Gandhi wrote many books, letters, newsletters, essays and edited journals on various subjects like health, vegetarianism, diet, religion and social reforms. A close examination of the subject headings and tags given by users to works authored by M K Gandhi reveal that there is a vast amount of difference between the standard terms assigned using OCLC FAST Subject Headings and tags assigned by the users. The study reveals that neither subject headings nor tags are perfect systems by themselves, but they may complement each other in library catalogues. The inclusion of user-generated keywords into catalogues will greatly enhance representation, organisation and retrieval of resources in a library environment.

دية القتل الخطأ في الحوادث المرورية في الفقه الإسلامي: دراسة مقارنة Blood Money for Unintended Manslaughter in Traffic Accidents in Islamic Jurisprudence: A Comparative Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
عارف علي عارف القره داغي ◽  
فايزة بنت إسماعيل ◽  
ئاوات محمد آغا بابا
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Mutual Fund ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Inductive Approach ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Blood Money ◽  
Major Factors

الملخّصيتعلق هذا البحث بموضوع دية القتل الخطأ في الحوادث المرورية في الفقه الإسلامي في العصر الحاضر لكثرة وقوعها وحاجة الناس إلى بيان أحكامها من حيث كيفية تقديرها. وتحرير الخلاف في دية المرأة، ومسألة دية الجنين في حال تعرضه للموت في بطن أمه نتيجة الحادث المروري، أو في حالة تعرضه للإجهاض والموت، وتناول أيضًا دية شخصين إذا ماتا نتيجة اصطدام سيارتين؛ فكيف تقدَّر الدِّية؟ وعالج البحث مسألة العاقلة في الوقت الحاضر التي تساعد الطرفين (الجاني والمجني عليه وذلك بجمع الدية وإعطائها للمجني عليه). وذلك من خلال استخدام المنهج الاستقرائي والمنهج المقارن: حيث يتم من خلاله جمع النصوص المتعلقة بالموضوع، وآراء العلماء المتقدمين، والمعاصرين، والمقارنة بينهما لمعرفة نقاط الاتفاق والاختلاف، لتجلية معالم الموضوع، وتسهيل مناقشتها بصورة دقيقة، ثم بيان الرأي الراجح. وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى أنَّ دية القتل في الحوادث المرورية في العصر الحاضر تساوي بالدينار الذهبي، الذي يساوي 4.250 جرامًا من الذهب، أو بما يساويها من النقد. وأنَّ الراجح هو تساوي دية الرجل مع دية المرأة. وفي حالة عدم وجود العاقلة لابأس من إنشاء شركة تعاونية لمساعدة من وقع منه الحادث.الكلمات المفتاحية: الدِّية، حوادث المرور، دية المرأة، دية الجنين، العاقلة. Abstract         This research addresses the subject of blood money for unintended manslaughter in traffic accidents according to Islamic jurisprudence in the present era due to the frequency of their occurrence and the need for people to understand the legal provisions concerning determining the amount. In this regard, we seek to clarify the disagreements regarding the blood money for women and foetuses that die in the mother’s womb as a result of traffic accidents or abortion. We also address the issue of blood money for two people who die as a result of collision between two cars. We also examine the issue of ʿĀqilah (those who pay the blood money) who helped the two parties (the offender and the victim by collecting blood money and giving it to the victim). To clarify these issues, we use the inductive approach and comparative method wherein we collect the various texts on the subject, and the views of classical and contemporary scholars to engage in a comparison between them in order to identify the points of agreement and disagreement between views. From here, we also hope to identify the major factors pertaining to such issues in order to facilitate a precise and concrete discussion to arrive at the most correct opinion. The study found that blood money for manslaughter in traffic accidents in the present era is equal to a gold dinar, which is equal to 4.250 grams of gold, or its cash equivalent. We advocate that the correct view is that the amount of blood money paid to a man is equal to that of a woman, and that in the absence of an ʿĀqilah it is possible to form a cooperative or mutual fund to render assistance to the victim.Keywords: blood money, traffic accidents, women, foetus, ʿĀqilah.

Measuring the Efficacy of a Pilot Public Health Intervention for Engaging Communities of Puerto Rico to Rapidly Write Hurricane Protection Plans

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mark E. Keim ◽  
Laura A. Runnels ◽  
Alexander P. Lovallo ◽  
Margarita Pagan Medina ◽  
Eduardo Roman Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
National Guard ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Health Intervention ◽  
Project Work ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Community Based

Abstract Objective: The efficacy is measured for a public health intervention related to community-based planning for population protection measures (PPMs; ie, shelter-in-place and evacuation). Design: This is a mixed (qualitative and quantitative) prospective study of intervention efficacy, measured in terms of usability related to effectiveness, efficiency, satisfaction, and degree of community engagement. Setting: Two municipalities in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico are included. Participants: Community members consisting of individuals; traditional leaders; federal, territorial, and municipal emergency managers; municipal mayors; National Guard; territorial departments of education, health, housing, public works, and transportation; health care; police; Emergency Medical Services; faith-based organizations; nongovernmental organizations (NGOs); and the private sector. Intervention: The intervention included four community convenings: one for risk communication; two for plan-writing; and one tabletop exercise (TTX). This study analyzed data collected from the project work plan; participant rosters; participant surveys; workshop outputs; and focus group interviews. Main Outcome Measures: Efficacy was measured in terms of ISO 9241-11, an international standard for usability that includes effectiveness, efficiency, user satisfaction, and “freedom from risk” among users. Degree of engagement was considered an indicator of “freedom from risk,” measurable through workshop attendance. Results: Two separate communities drafted and exercised ~60-page-long population protection plans, each within 14.5 hours. Plan-writing workshops completed 100% of plan objectives and activities. Efficiency rates were nearly the same in both communities. Interviews and surveys indicated high degrees of community satisfaction. Engagement was consistent among community members and variable among governmental officials. Conclusions: Frontline communities have successfully demonstrated the ability to understand the environmental health hazards in their own community; rapidly write consensus-based plans for PPMs; participate in an objective-based TTX; and perform these activities in a bi-lingual setting. This intervention appears to be efficacious for public use in the rapid development of community-based PPMs.

An interactive query-based approach for summarizing scientific documents

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farnoush Bayatmakou ◽  
Azadeh Mohebi ◽  
Abbas Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Information Need ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Interactive Query ◽  
Summarization System ◽  
Clear Idea

Purpose Query-based summarization approaches might not be able to provide summaries compatible with the user’s information need, as they mostly rely on a limited source of information, usually represented as a single query by the user. This issue becomes even more challenging when dealing with scientific documents, as they contain more specific subject-related terms, while the user may not be able to express his/her specific information need in a query with limited terms. This study aims to propose an interactive multi-document text summarization approach that generates an eligible summary that is more compatible with the user’s information need. This approach allows the user to interactively specify the composition of a multi-document summary. Design/methodology/approach This approach exploits the user’s opinion in two stages. The initial query is refined by user-selected keywords/keyphrases and complete sentences extracted from the set of retrieved documents. It is followed by a novel method for sentence expansion using the genetic algorithm, and ranking the final set of sentences using the maximal marginal relevance method. Basically, for implementation, the Web of Science data set in the artificial intelligence (AI) category is considered. Findings The proposed approach receives feedback from the user in terms of favorable keywords and sentences. The feedback eventually improves the summary as the end. To assess the performance of the proposed system, this paper has asked 45 users who were graduate students in the field of AI to fill out a questionnaire. The quality of the final summary has been also evaluated from the user’s perspective and information redundancy. It has been investigated that the proposed approach leads to higher degrees of user satisfaction compared to the ones with no or only one step of the interaction. Originality/value The interactive summarization approach goes beyond the initial user’s query, while it includes the user’s preferred keywords/keyphrases and sentences through a systematic interaction. With respect to these interactions, the system gives the user a more clear idea of the information he/she is looking for and consequently adjusting the final result to the ultimate information need. Such interaction allows the summarization system to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the user’s information needs while expanding context-based knowledge and guiding the user toward his/her information journey.

Metaphysics of Being of Information

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Yakovlev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Abstract Concept ◽  
Communicative Practices ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Concept Of Information ◽  
American Physicist ◽  
Mathematical Operations ◽  
Intelligence Theories ◽  
The Universe

In article the metaphysics of being of information is considered and her cat­egorical status. The concept of information plays an especially important role in cognitive disciplines – neurology, cognitive psychology, sociology and arti­ficial intelligence theories altogether forming the scientific basis of new epi­stemology. Information is understood as the objective reality perceived by the subject by means of touch bodies which it fixes and comprehends by means of various semantic pro-positions, logical-mathematical operations and calculations, using it in various communicative practices for achievement of the purposes. On the basis of philosophical traditions of interpretation of cat­egory of life and various interpretations of this abstract concept of modern nat­ural sciences the new understanding of category of life as a basic metaphysical concept of science is offered. The philosophical bases of the theory of creative participation of the person in events of the Universe the famous American physicist-theorist J.A. Wheeler who put forward the thesis “all from Bit” (It from Bit), the information paradigm of the universe developed by the prom­inent modern philosopher L. Floridi. It is demonstrated that the origination and evolution of all objects takes place due to the existence of specific information programs that express the fundamental creativity of the nature. The statement that the category of life in modern interpretation both in natural-science, and in sociocultural aspects expresses life of information, or the information life presented in unity of three spheres of reality – matter, lives and consciousness (reason) is proved.

A comparative study of urban resilience in coping with the crisis in the metropolises of Tehran and Mashhad

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Nedaei ◽  
Mirali Seyednaghavi ◽  
Marzieh Firouzfar ◽  
Nahid Zamani
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Delphi Method ◽  
Rockefeller Foundation ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Resilience Indicators ◽  
First Time

Purpose In recent years, cities have been facing economic, social and environmental crises that need to be prevented and dealt with. The new subject that has been brought up to improve city resistance to crises is urban resilience. The purpose of this study is to compare the resilience of Tehran and Mashhad to identify the strengths and weaknesses of these two cities for better planning in critical situations. Design/methodology/approach The research methodology is a comparative survey. The importance of the subject was manifested through a literature review. A questionnaire is designed using “the Rockefeller Foundation and ARUP’s model” and the Delphi method for testing 21 research hypotheses to evaluate resilience in the two cities (12 Delphi questionnaires and 232 urban resilience questionnaires). The data is analyzed using independent samples t-test by SPSS software. Findings The results show that both the cities are weak in terms of resilience indicators and sub-indicators, but Mashhad is more resilient than Tehran. Originality/value This paper compares urban resilience in Iran for the first time through a comparative study between two metropolises in the country. The Delphi method also is used for the first time (in Iranian case studies) to obtain the dimensions of urban resilience. By comparing the two cities, we can better understand their strengths and weaknesses.

Verification of court decisions in criminal cases: history and modernity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Panokin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Soviet System ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Subsequent Transformation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The paper analyzes the historical retrospective and a comparative study of the verification of court decisions in criminal cases. The author traces the emergence of the idea of checking court decisions and the first experiments of its implementation, the transition from the "court with a judge" to the "audit" procedure for monitoring court decisions, and then to the consideration of complaints against court decisions as a continuation of the dispute between the parties and the formation of methods and procedures for reviewing criminal cases, depending on the subject of appeal. The features of the Romano-German and English models of judicial review are highlighted. Special attention is paid to the Soviet system of verification of sentences, rulings and definitions as the basis of the socialist model of judicial review and its subsequent transformation in Russia in the post-Soviet period. The monograph is intended for researchers, teachers, undergraduate, specialist, master's, postgraduate and doctoral students, as well as practicing lawyers.

scholarly journals Punctuation Marks and Signs of Cessation in Qur`an: a comparative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Abdur-Rasheed Mahmoud-Mukadam
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Usual Treatment ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Contemporary Writers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

The subject of punctuation in Arabic writing may be one of the topics in which there was a great deal of writing. However, the close look at this paper reveals that there are some new things that the researcher is interested in highlighting in this article. To clarify positions in the Holy Quran. And that some contemporary writers do not take into account the status of these signs and interesting situation in the appropriate places, but they refuse to take into account behind their appearance when writing Arabic became randomly writing, Based on the above, the researcher can shed light on the importance of these punctuation marks and indicate the relationship between them and the signs of the Qur`anic cessation, which does not mean the use of the first place with The existence of the connection and kinship between them; because the writing of Qur`an is descriptive, it could never be treated in the places of cessation and tone as   usual treatment of the normal writing.

scholarly journals Criminal community: crimonological approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
Margarita G. Kozlovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Group ◽  
Criminal Organization ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Community Members ◽  
External Relations ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Internal Interaction ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment

The subject of the research is the criminal community, its characteristics, and features within the framework of criminology. The purpose of the research is to confirm or disprove hypothesis that a criminal community as a criminological phenomenon is nor equal to a criminal organization or an organized criminal group Methodology. The author uses general theoretical methods (comparative analysis, generalization, deduction) and specific methods (formal legal interpretation of legal acts, questionnaires). The main results, scope of application. A criminal organization and a criminal community are different criminological phenomena that differ from each other in significant ways. The differences are both in the degree of criminal organization, and the complexity of the structure of internal and external interaction. From the point of view of a systematic approach, a criminal community is not only a more complex system compared to a criminal organization. It is characterized by an improved structure of internal interaction, in which the hierarchical structure is either complicated, or replaced or supplemented by a network structure. The peculiarity is to complement the system approach with a synergistic one: in the criminal community, the pooling of criminal efforts is carried out more effectively, mainly in the sphere of external relations. The criminal community is a more open system compared to the criminal organization. Certain features can be identified in the contacts of criminal community members with the external environment. The most important feature is a symbiosis of criminal and legal practices that affects the life of entire regions or relatively large masses of the population. The criminal community is a purposeful system with its own specifics. And this specificity is seen in the fact that the criminal community pursues (secretly or openly, at the moment or in the foreseeable future) the achievement of political goals, namely: the possession of power, infiltration into power, undermining power, its capture and retention. It is power, not wealth, that is the real goal of the criminal community, and not just because it is easily converted into wealth. Power is valuable in itself, because it also gives a lot of other advantages. Conclusions. A criminal community cannot be reduced to a criminal organization, much less – to an organized criminal group, and this conclusion requires to be included into legislation.

scholarly journals "Többször nekifutottunk, de lepattantunk mindig a közöny miatt"

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dóra Hangya
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Open Point ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
Do So

Az ÚNKP kutatás célja annak vizsgálata, hogy a szakértői nyilvántartásban szereplő felnőttképzési szakértők és programszakértők kötelező továbbképzéseinek moduljai (14/2014. (III. 31.) NGM rendelet) tartalmaznak-e ismereteket a fogyatékossággal élő felnőttek képzésben való részvételének feltételrendszeréről, valamint hogy a felnőttképzési szakértők számára nehézséget okoz-e, ha a felnőttképzési intézmények munkatársai a témát érintő kérdésekkel fordulnak hozzájuk. Előzmény a KJM Alapítvány 2016. évi Phd pályázata keretében lefolytatott kutatás, amely eredményei szerint a válaszadó engedéllyel rendelkező felnőttképzési intézmények 95%-a úgy véli, hogy a felnőttképzési szakértők számára szükséges volna olyan tartalmú továbbképzés biztosítása, mely támpontokkal látja el őket annak érdekében, hogy segíteni tudják őket az egyenlő esélyű hozzáférés biztosításának megteremtésében (n=136). (Hangya, 2016, Hangya, 2017)A kutatás módszere teljes körű mintavételen alapuló félig strukturált kérdőíves lekérdezés. 314 fő válaszolt a kutatás kérdőívére, mely a tisztított minta 41%-a. A szakértők 80%-a jelezte, hogy a kötelező továbbképzések nem tartalmaztak fogyatékosság-specifikus ismereteket. A válaszadó szakértők több mint 90%-a egyetért azzal, hogy szükséges volna ennek pótlása (n=312). 227 fő nem vett még részt ilyen témájú továbbképzésen, de 78%-uk szívesen tenné, amennyiben rendelkezésre állna ilyen (n=227). A válaszadók (n=308) 59,4%-a nem találkozott még olyan kérdésekkel a felnőttképzési intézmények részéről, melyek a fogyatékossággal élő felnőttek egyenlő esélyű hozzáférését érintik, 46,5%-uk számára ez nehézséget jelentene.  84 fő (27%) fogalmazott meg nyitott kérdés keretében a témával kapcsolatban fejlesztési javaslatokat. The aim of the ÚNKP research is the investigation of whether the obligatory further education modules for adult education experts and program experts (14/2014. (III. 31.) NGM regulation) contain information regarding the conditionality for adults living with disabilities participating in education and the level of difficulty for adult education experts to inform colleges from adult education institutions on questions regarding this subject. A precursor is a research conducted within the framework of the 2016 Phd application of the KJM Foundation, according to which 95% of adult education institutions authorized for a response is of the opinion that the provision of a further education program for adult education experts which contains reference points to facilitate the provision of equal opportunity access would be necessary (n=136). (Hangya, 2016, Hangya, 2017)The method of research is a semi-structured questionnaire survey based on comprehensive sampling. 314 persons answered to the research questionnaire, which makes up 41% of the purified sample. 80% of experts indicated a lack of disability-specific information within the obligatory further education programs. More than 90% of respondents agree that supplementation of such information is necessary (n=312). 227 persons did not yet participate in further education programs within this subject, however, 78% would gladly do so if given the opportunity (n=227). 59,4% of respondents (n=308) did not yet encounter questions from adult education institutions regarding the equal access of adults living with disabilities, 46,5% would consider this a difficulty.  84 persons (27%) formulated developmental suggestions regarding the subject within the framework of an open point.

scholarly journals Aboriginal Rights Litigation, Negotiation, and Practice among the Metis of BC: Community Perspectives on Creating Legal Change

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry Sloan
Keyword(s):  
Legal Change ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Aboriginal Rights ◽  
State Recognition ◽  
Community Perspectives ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
The Subject

This paper examines the perspectives of Metis people in the southern BC interior about how to deal with the rejection by the courts of all three Metis rights claims in the province.  The perspectives of those directly involved in the three cases, along with community members in the subject areas (Thompson/Shuswap, south Okanagan, Kootenays) reveal that people generally prefer negotiation to litigation in the BC context, as lack of understanding of Metis history, territories and communities in BC creates difficulties for BC Metis litigants.  Negotiation was viewed favourably by participants, but continuing to practise rights was seen as more important than gaining state recognition of rights.

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