Environmental Taxes. Its Influence on Solid Waste in Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 755
Author(s):  
Germán MARTÍNEZ PRATS ◽  
Yazmín Isolda ÁLVAREZ GARCÍA ◽  
Francisca SILVA HERNÁNDEZ ◽  
Daniel TAGLE ZAMORA
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Tax Collection ◽  
Green Taxes ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Natural Dynamics

Globally occurs a series of transformations and natural dynamics connected with activities promoted by the human being in the environment. A situation of alteration in the stability is lived, which affects the local context with a regional, national and global scope. Solid waste pollution represents in Mexico a tax collection strategy in which environmental taxes, also known as green taxes, are applied. This article will describe and analyse the legal-fiscal instruments that are required to apply in Mexican environmental policy, visualizing the relevance of the solid wastes to generate the green taxes applied to them.

Impact of Green Taxes on the Public Financial System

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Zofia Filipiak ◽  
Dorota Wyszkowska
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Public System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Green Taxes ◽  
The Impact

The EU has become a promoter of the idea of sustainable development and a defender of the global climate, which in many sectors results in ever higher and more ambitious ecological and efficiency requirements. State wants to protect the environment use various intervention instruments, including environmental taxes: “green taxes.” In addition to the fiscal function, they are to stimulate various types of entities to undertake specific actions conducive to reducing pressure on the environment. The aim of the considerations (discussion) is to present changes in the approach to the use of “green taxes,” as an important instrument of the public sector environmental policy in the impact on reducing pollution on the environment conducive to sustainable development. The research aims to verify the hypothesis and assumes the impact of environmental taxes on the public system of financing expenditure on environmental protection. The authors will also look for an answer to the question whether the policy of “green taxes” can contribute to the sustainable public financial system.

CLEAN UTILIZATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES AND ALTERNATIVE FUELS DERIVED FROM IT

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-209
Author(s):  
Alexander Topal ◽  
◽  
Iryna Holenko ◽  
Luidmyla Haponych ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Clean Technologies

For the municipal solid waste (MSW) to be used in a proper way, it is necessary to implement clean technologies capable of thermal treatment of MSW and RDF in order to produce heat and electricity while meeting current ecological requirements. Nowadays, a number of technologies for MSW/RDF thermal treating are being used worldwide. Among them, the most proven technologies, applicable for industrial introduction, have been considered while analyzing their advantages/ disadvantages accounting for local conditions of Ukraine.

scholarly journals A Bio-Inspired Compliance Planning and Implementation Method for Hydraulically Actuated Quadruped Robots with Consideration of Ground Stiffness

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2838
Author(s):  
Xiaoxing Zhang ◽  
Haoyuan Yi ◽  
Junjun Liu ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
Xin Luo
Keyword(s):  
Harmonic Oscillation ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Legged Locomotion ◽  
Soft Ground ◽  
Quadruped Robots ◽  
In Series ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Implementation Method ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Natural Dynamics

There has been a rising interest in compliant legged locomotion to improve the adaptability and energy efficiency of robots. However, few approaches can be generalized to soft ground due to the lack of consideration of the ground surface. When a robot locomotes on soft ground, the elastic robot legs and compressible ground surface are connected in series. The combined compliance of the leg and surface determines the natural dynamics of the whole system and affects the stability and efficiency of the robot. This paper proposes a bio-inspired leg compliance planning and implementation method with consideration of the ground surface. The ground stiffness is estimated based on analysis of ground reaction forces in the frequency domain, and the leg compliance is actively regulated during locomotion, adapting them to achieve harmonic oscillation. The leg compliance is planned on the condition of resonant movement which agrees with natural dynamics and facilitates rhythmicity and efficiency. The proposed method has been implemented on a hydraulic quadruped robot. The simulations and experimental results verified the effectiveness of our method.

scholarly journals Municipal Solid Waste Characterization and Landfill Gas Generation in Kakia Landfill, Makkah

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1462
Author(s):  
Faisal A. Osra ◽  
Huseyin Kurtulus Ozcan ◽  
Jaber S. Alzahrani ◽  
Mohammad S. Alsoufi
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Makkah City

In many countries, open dumping is considered the simplest, cheapest, and most cost-effective way of managing solid wastes. Thus, in underdeveloped economies, Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) are openly dumped. Improper waste disposal causes air, water, and soil pollution, impairing soil permeability and blockage of the drainage system. Solid Waste Management (SWM) can be enhanced by operating a well-engineered site with the capacity to reduce, reuse, and recover MSW. Makkah city is one of the holiest cities in the world. It harbors a dozen of holy places. Millions of people across the globe visit the place every year to perform Hajj, Umrah, and tourism. In the present study, MSW characterization and energy recovery from MSW of Makkah was determined. The average composition of solid waste in Makkah city is organic matter (48%), plastics (25%), paper and cardboard (20%), metals (4%), glass (2%), textiles (1%), and wood (1%). In order to evaluate energy recovery potential from solid waste in Kakia open dumpsite landfill, the Gas Generation Model (LandGEM) was used. According to LandGEM results, landfill gas (methane and carbon dioxide) generation potential and capacity were determined. Kakia open dump has a methane potential of 83.52 m3 per ton of waste.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF PROPERTIES AND ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN ORDER TO PROPOSAL OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECT IN BINH DUONG PROVINCE

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2A) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Phung Chi Vy
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Energy Plant ◽  
Inorganic Components

Domestic solid wastes are classified into 10 samples of 04 groups with different sizes: 2 samples with sizes under and over 120 mm (M1-1, M1-2); 2 samples with sizes under and over 80 mm (M2-1, M2-2); 2 samples with sizes under and over 40 mm (M3-1, M3-2); 4 samples with sizes under 40 mm, 40 to 80 mm, 80 to 120 mm and over 120 mm (M4-1, M4-2, M4-3, M4-4). Results of sorting 10 solid waste samples into food, cloth, wood, plastic, paper, rubber/leather, metal, glass, other organic and inorganic components shown that recycled combustible, non-recycled combustible portions are ranged from 15,46 to 93,90 %, from 5,34 to 80,17 %, respectively. The density of 10 compressed garbage samples is ranged from 525,9 to 2016,7 kg/m3; moisture contents are ranged from 18.03 to 20.92 %. Ash content is ranged from 1.12 to 9.49 % dry weight; Calorific value is ranged from 3164,9 to 5757,0 kcal/kg of garbage. The volume of leached water from 10 kg wet garbage pressed by 250 kg load in 2 days is 300 ml (equivalent to 327,1 g). Results of elemental composition analysis shown that the contents of C, H, N, Cl, S are ranged from 35,00 to 51,96, from 6,01 to 6,23, from 0,41 to 0,88, from 0,44 to 0,56, from 0,14 to 0,84 %, respectively. On this basis, the author have proposed a waste-to-energy plant with capacity of 250 tons of waste/day to generate the electricity with capacity of 17,0 MW/day.

Waste and Discharge Sand Use of Foundry for the Manufacture of Concrete Tiles

2018 ◽  
Vol 759 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
A.V. dos Santos ◽  
Mauro C. Marchetti ◽  
Ayane R. de Souza ◽  
Deoclécio Junior Cardoso Silva ◽  
Leoni Pentiado Godoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Concrete Slabs ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Solid Waste Generation ◽  
Casting Sand

The progress in the world industrial sector, together with new technologies increases solid waste generation and the consequent concern with the correct management of them. One of the biggest problems in the foundry sector is the generation of solid waste, consisting mainly of waste sands or discarded sand castings (ADF). Proper waste disposal is a challenge for industries, which are increasingly concerned about the need to preserve the environment and seeking for sustainable development. In Brazil, fused production in 2008 exceeded three million tons, generating approximately one ton of waste for each ton of metal produced. The main destination of this waste is industrial disposal landfills, which have high cost and is an increasing environmental concern for companies. Therefore, the aim of this research was to solve this problem, that is, it was proposed a methodology to reuse these solid wastes, testing our methodology by using concrete slabs with incorporation of foundry sand in different concentrations, in an increasing order of 5%, where natural sand was replaced by founding sand. The viability for the use of casting sand in relation to the resistance was significant in the traces 30% and 35%.

Introduction to Solid Waste and Its Management

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidi Abdul Aziz ◽  
Salem S. Abu Amr
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Proper Management ◽  
The World ◽  
Msw Composition

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) disposal has become an increasingly serious problem in many parts of the world. In general, greater economic prosperity and a higher percentage of urban population correspond to a greater amount of solid waste produced. However, less effort has been exerted in the proper management of solid wastes produced by urban dwellers, particularly in developing countries. This chapter introduces the basic MSW rules. MSW composition, production, and collection are also highlighted. Furthermore, the concept of landfilling and waste decomposition is discussed in this chapter.

scholarly journals Mismanagement of Solid Waste & its Impact on the Environment of Peshawar City

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Obaid-ur- Rehman ◽  
Syed Jamil Hassan Kazmi ◽  
Anwar Alam
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Sample Surveys ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Afghan Refugees ◽  
Demographic Yearbook ◽  
Proper Disposal

The purpose of the study is to investigate reasons, types and workable for the disposal of wastes in Peshawar city with special emphasis on Municipal Corporation, Peshawar Development Authority (PDA) and local govt. The focus of the study is to ensure proper management of solid waste and cleanliness of the targeted areas. The data was collected through pre-designed questionnaire and interview schedule. The major sources of demographic data are census, sample surveys, demographic yearbook, statistical handbook, national and international publications. (Alam: 2006). Board, Karkhano and Hayat Abad Phase III were the targeted area of the study. A sample of size 300 was selected out of 37,839 population in three target areas i.e. Board 96 out of 12,164, Hayat Abad Phase III 121 out of 15,281, and Karkhano 83 out of 10,394 through proportion allocation method of sampling.The results of the study indicated that Local government has no proper planning, for the disposal of solid waste. The  residents  have no awareness for the proper disposal of the solid wastes.  Population is directly proportion to the increase in solid wastes mismanagement, more over Afghan Refugees has accelerated the solid waste mismanagement in the area. 

scholarly journals A Simulation Analysis of the Effects of a Product Tax on the Packaging Waste Output of Selected Food Products

1973 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Spillers ◽  
Joseph Havlicek
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Policy Alternative ◽  
Packaging Waste ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Packaging Industry ◽  
The Cost

This country is currently faced with an ever growing solid waste problem. A significant amount of total solid waste may be traced to origins in the packaging industry. Various policies aimed at rectifying this problem have been proposed. One policy alternative that is currently being given consideration is taxation of a product based upon the amount and type of packaging waste associated with that product. Taxation is believed to be a policy tool that could be used to internalize the cost of collection and disposal of each product's packaging waste. In effect, those that generate solid wastes would pay. The effects of such taxation implementation on various economic phenomena are unknown, but of critical importance to its feasibility.

scholarly journals Research on Gasification of Solid Wastes in Civil Airports

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 04045
Author(s):  
Bo Li ◽  
Mingxing Huang ◽  
Wen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Waste Gasification ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The Impact

After the airport is put into operation, a large amount of wastes generated every day will bring waste disposal pressure and ecological environment pressure to the airport and surrounding areas. This article expounds the current methods of airport waste disposal. According to the principle of waste reduction, harmless and reclamation, a set of solid waste gasification methods suitable for airports are proposed, which can reduce waste transportation and landfill costs, effectively control the impact of environmental pollution. At the same time, it can use waste heat to generate electricity to turn wastes into treasure and promote green airport construction.

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