scholarly journals Challenges of Slum Upgrading in Port Harcourt, River State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Adewale O Yoade ◽  
Sesan A Adeyemi
Keyword(s):  
Primary Education ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Slum Upgrading ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Good Drainage

Environmental decay in a city is essentially caused by rapid urbanization and the mismatch in the provision and maintenance of housing and infrastructure. This study examined challenges of slum upgrading in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The study aims to examine slum areas and their living conditions, and finding out the most critical and problematic zone of the slums Two sources (primary and secondary) of data were utilized in the study: The study population for this study was the residents of Diobu and Waterside in Port Harcourt, River State. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data appropriately. Findings established that 11.3% acquired primary education, 29.0% have secondary education, and 14.0% had NCE, 21.0% had both HND and degree and 3.8% had no formal education. Findings showed that 31.7% of the residents were owners of the building while 68.2% were living in rented apartments. Findings revealed that 40.9% of the respondents have bad drainage system which would lead to dirty environment and 6.5% having very good drainage system. The study concluded that majority of building structures in the study area are old that existed for decades without maintenance and the surrounding environment very poor due to neglect.

scholarly journals Community diagnosis for a slum population under the field practice area of a government medical college, New Delhi: community-oriented primary care exercise for undergraduate students

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5404
Author(s):  
P. Aravind Gandhi ◽  
U. Venkatesh ◽  
Poornima Tiwari ◽  
Preety Doley
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Awareness Campaigns

Background: Rapid urbanization has led to the increase in a group of people called ‘Urban poor’ dwelling as a community in ‘Slums’, worldwide. Slums manifest deprivation that transcends income poverty. Hence, we conducted this Community-oriented primary care (COPC) exercise, to give medical students a greater understanding of the situation of individual patients in the slum and to formulate a community diagnosis.Methods: The current study was done at Tyagaraj Nagar Jhuggi in the South district of New Delhi, during Community-oriented primary care (COPC) exercise of undergraduate medical students in their 4th semester over a period of 20 days, using a predesigned proforma for collecting data on health events and determinants of health, from families. 35 households were chosen by systematic random sampling.Results: Out of 179 community members studied, 33 (18.43%) were afflicted with morbidity, which consists of common cold with cough, generalized body pain and joint pain. The sex ratio was found to be 826, literacy rate was 76.9% in the study area, 44.11% of the households were having sanitary latrines owned by them, 68.6% had a closed drainage system 63% of the families used clean fuel for cooking and unmet need of contraception was 85% among eligible couples.Conclusions: Investments in women’s access to various contraceptive preferences are urgently needed to help increase the contraceptive prevalence rate. Health Education and awareness campaigns on prevention of potential mosquito, fly breeding sites, hand hygiene, avoidance of firewood as fuel, establishing smoke outlet and solid waste management should be arranged.

scholarly journals Studying the Effects of Roads Geometry and Design Parameters on the Pavement Drainage System

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Mohammad Awwad
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Water Flow Velocity ◽  
The Road ◽  
Drainage Time ◽  
Operations And Maintenance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Good Drainage

Background: Water floods have a considerable impact on roads sustainability by creating roads cracks, breaking down and holes, and failure for some other parts. The existence of good drainage system serviced the road and draining the water resulted from rain floods is crucial. These significant influences can be classified as positive or negative, low, moderate, or high. Aim and Objectives: This paper discusses the water floods and rainfall effects on roads and highways in Jordan as well as the drainage system on road sustainability and performance. The main aim of this paper is to investigate and analyse water as rainfall or floods affecting roads and highways in Jordan. The importance of this study is represented by studying and analysing the effects of rainfall and water floods on road construction and sustainability in Jordan after the latest high rain sizes of this winter and water floods, which affect the roads and highways in a good percentage. The other importance of the study is represented in offering solutions to problems caused by the environmental effects, specially floods and high rainfall rates. Methodology: all data and information about status of Jordanian roads during winter and floods are collected from real cases of about 40 main and semi-main roads in Jordan.  Results and Conclusions: A good drainage system and repair operations and maintenance generally have a positive impact on road sustainability and survival age. The effects of slopes of the road and surface of the asphalt, rainfall intensity, and water flow velocity on drainage length and drainage time and water depth are discussed here. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091636 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals The impact of agriculture drainage reconstruction on ground water recession close to the subgrade

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilimantas Vaičiukynas ◽  
Saulius Vaikasas ◽  
Henrikas Sivilevičius ◽  
Audrius Grinys
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Hydraulic Permeability ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Permeability Characteristics ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Good Drainage ◽  
Important Design ◽  
Local Road

Good drainage is the most important design consideration for a road, both to miniaturize road maintenance costs and maximize the time the road is operational. The lack of good drainage lead to the structural damages and costly repairs. Many of roads are built in intensively drained agricultural land. The effective way to drain subgrades is reconstruction of existing agricultural drainage. The impact of cross-subsurface drainage system on water level fluctuation was measured using Plane geofiltration mathematical model, one of 3D geofiltration modelling programs. The hydraulic permeability characteristics were determined in field of Pikeliai, close to local road in Kėdainiai district, Lithuania. This object is composed of clay and loamy soils. Subsurface cross drains trenches spacing of 20 m, 30 m and 40 m were simulated. The hydraulic permeability of cross drain trenches and lateral trenches modelled was from 0.006 m/a day to 6 m/a day. The simulation of cross drains trenches showed that the most effective distance between them are 20 m. The highest water depression occurs when the permeability of cross drain trenches and lateral trenches is ~ 6 m/day, at the distance of 20 m. The water recession is 20 cm lower compared to the drainage systems without cross drains trenches. By installing cross drains trenches every 30 m, water recession is 10 cm lower when the trench permeability is about 6 m/day. When increasing the distance between the cross drains up to 40 m their influence disappears.

Spatial characteristics of open park spaces and perceived warmness in a tropical city

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Rosly Hanif ◽  
Chng Saun Fong ◽  
Logaraj Ramakreshnan ◽  
Wan Nor Azriyati Wan Abd Aziz ◽  
Ainoriza Mohd Aini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Animal Populations

Abstract Background: Rapid urbanization in Kuala Lumpur Metropolitan City (KLMC) has resulted in urban heat island (UHI) effect that deteriorated public health of the urban dwellers. In a motive of identifying the heat sources, this study reported the perceived warmness and the characteristics of Open Park Spaces (OPS) that induce the reported warmness of the surrounding environment in Kuala Lumpur Metropolitan City (KLMC), a tropical city of Malaysia.Methods: A cross sectional survey using structured questionnaires is conducted on randomly clustered respondents in selected localities of KLMC from January to May, 2018. Pearson correlation is performed to examine the relationship between perceived characteristics of OPS and perceived warmness of the surrounding environment according to three time slots of a day.Results: The outcomes demonstrated that respondents felt warm during nights (89%) compared to morning (75%) and afternoon (87%). Meanwhile, the existing OPS are reported to be equipped with a mix of biodiversity such as birds, rodents and insects (89%), a mix of natural plants and animal populations (88%), water bodies (88%), variety of plants (86%), well-maintained grass surfaces (80%), ornamental flowers (79%) as well as wooded pasture (78%) in their neighbourhood. As the maximum warming sensation is reported to be felt at nights, especially in the presence of water bodies (r= 0.318, p<0.01) and wooded pasture (r= 0.222, p<0.01) in the vicinity, the integration of heat ameliorators across the existing water bodies and wood pasture deemed essential to reduce the surrounding heat impacts.Conclusion: The findings of this preliminary investigation are useful for urban designers and policy makers to make tacit evidence-based decisions.

scholarly journals Evaluating the performance of low impact development practices in urban runoff mitigation through distributed and combined implementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1506-1520
Author(s):  
Sina Samouei ◽  
Mehmet Özger
Keyword(s):  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Hydrologic Response ◽  
Impervious Surfaces ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Small Catchment ◽  
Runoff Reduction

Abstract Rapid urbanization and increasing impervious surfaces in cities lead to a serious reduction in infiltration rate of the surface and cause challenges in stormwater management. The Low Impact Development (LID) concept is considered as a potential solution for sustainable urban growth by contributing in urban flood mitigation. However, its effects on hydrologic response of the urbanized catchments, especially in broad scale implementation, are not fully understood and practically examined. In this study a hydrologic-hydraulic model of a small catchment was developed in EPA storm water management model (SWMM) program and calibrated and validated through field measurements. The hydrologic response of the catchment was investigated after replacing proportions of impervious surfaces with combinations of LID practices such as green roof, permeable pavement and bio-retention cell, through four land cover conversion scenarios and under five different designed storm events. The simulation results which are derived by comparison of outflow hydrographs between each scenario and conventional drainage system indicated that implementing 5–20% of LIDs has a noticeable impact on runoff peak flow and volume reduction, especially in storm events with shorter return periods. Also the runoff reduction trends show a linear response due to the increase in LID implementation ratio in the study area.

The Key Technologies of Comprehensive Utilization for Urban Rain Flood Based on the Multi-Function Tunnel

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 3056-3059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yan ◽  
Hong Lu Bai ◽  
Wei Gao ◽  
Fang Kai Ma
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Flood Disaster ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Key Technology ◽  
Comprehensive Utilization ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Key Technologies

Pipe drainage system is used mostly on urban area, but under the pressure of the rapid urbanization, the disadvantages of traditional pipe drainage system are more and more serious. Analyzed the urban rain flood utilization situation in China and foreign countries, and main problems of traditional pipe drainage system in China, the key technology of comprehensive utilization for urban rain flood is put forward, which contains the multi-function tunnel building based on the concave green fields constructing, permeable bricks laying, reservoir constructing for rain flood collecting. This method can effectively prevent the drought or flood disaster due to inadequate or extensive rain volume and can make full use of rain flood resources too.

scholarly journals Investigation of heavy metal levels of clams (Egeria radiata) sold in open markets in Port Harcourt and Yenagoa, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Benjamin Uchechukwu Nti ◽  
Okechukwu Kenneth Wokeh ◽  
Chidinma Georginia Okey-Wokeh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Open Markets

Due to rapid urbanization, increase in coastal population, oil and gas exploration and other array of anthropogenic activities within the Niger Delta region of which Rivers and Bayelsa states are prominent amongst others, the region has been faced with coastal water pollution. There is need therefore, to evaluate the intensity of environmental contamination of the aquatic ecosystem in this region, thus this study was conducted to investigate the heavy metal levels of Clams (Egeria radiata) sold in open markets in Port Harcourt (Rivers State) and Yenagoa (Bayelsa State). Samples were collected from three markets in Port Harcourt (Mile 1, Rumuokoro and Mile 3), and three markets as well in Yenagoa (Opolo, Swali and Tombia) respectively. The samples were collected bi-weekly for 3 months and transported to the laboratory for analysis of heavy metals (Cr, Cd and Pb) levels using standard scientific method of analysis. The analysis was done in triplicates for each sample and data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using excel spreadsheet and statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21. The results revealed that samples collected from markets in Port Harcourt had higher concentrations of heavy metal than that of Yenagoa, though, the heavy metal levels were below World Health Organisation permissible limits, except for Cadmium (Cd) that ranged from 0.54±0.002 to 0.78±0.00 mg/kg in samples collected from Port Harcourt, against 0.5 mg/kg recommended by WHO. This could be attributed to oil and gas exploration, and discharges of industrial and domestic wastes bearing cadmium, and poses serious health risks. Therefore, routine monitoring and assessment of the aquatic ecosystem will be vital to forestall further contamination.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR BERBASIS NILAI KARAKTER DI SD KOTA TERNATE PROVINSI MALUKU UTARA

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Darmawati Darmawati ◽  
Sundari Sundari
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Department Of Education ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Elementary School Education

Abstract: Abstract: A research development of teaching materials in the form of character-based worksheets. This research is aimed at developing producing output an elementary teaching materials based on the character value addition through this research are expected to: 1) provide accurate information to organizations / institutions / groups ber- competent to teach students to use materials ajarberbasisnilai right character in Basic pendidikanSekolah levels; 2) the development of strategies and policies that will be recommended from this research can be a direction for developm-ment-based learning models karakterdi value formal education, 3) prod- ucts of this study can be a reference for the Department of Education in policy decisions ber- connection with efforts to improve the quality of education in North Maluku in obtaining appropriate teaching materials in elementary school education. The results of this study indicate that that the teaching materials developed are worksheets grade 5 semesters 1 with the theme of Ben-da-objects in the surrounding environment. Integrating the value of the character in the worksheets to follow the curriculum in 2013 with thematic integrative approach. LKS validation results developed are still in pretty decent categories used so that still needs to be revised and improved in the development of the next stage. Abstrak: Telah dilakukan  penelitian pengembangan bahan ajar  berbentuk LKS berbasis karakter. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang bertujuan menghasilkan out put suatu bahan ajar SD berbasis nilai karakter Selain itu melalui penelitian ini diharapkan dapat: 1) memberikan informasi yang akurat kepada organisasi/lembaga/kelompok yang ber-  kompeten untuk mengajarkan kepada anak didik dengan memakai bahan ajarberbasisnilai karakter yang tepat di jenjang pendidikanSekolah Dasar; 2) strategi pengembangan dan kebi- jakan yang akan direkomendasikan dari penelitian ini dapat menjadi arahan bagi pengem-bangan model-model pembelajaran  berbasis nilai karakterdi jenjang pendidikan formal, 3) ha- sil penelitian ini dapat menjadi acuan bagi Dinas pendidikan dalam penentuan kebijakan ber- kaitan dengan upaya peningkatan mutu pendidikan di Maluku Utara dalam memperoleh bahan ajar yang tepat pada jenjang pendidikan Sekolah Dasar. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bahwa bahan ajar yang dikembangkan adalah LKS kelas 5 semester 1 dengan tema ben- da-benda di lingkungan sekitar. Pengintegrasian nilai karakter dalam LKS mengikuti kuriku- lum 2013 dengan pendekatan tematik Integratif. Hasil validasi LKS yang dikembangkan  masih dalam kategori cukup layak digunakan sehingga masih perlu dilakukan revisi dan perbaikan dalam pengembangan tahap berikutnya. Kata Kunci: bahan ajar, lembar kerja siswa, nilai karakter, sekolah dasar kota ternate

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