scholarly journals Korelasi kadar hepcidin dan asupan makanan dengan serum transferrin reseptor dan hemoglobin pada remaja stunted overweight

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
La Mani ◽  
Siti Fatimah-Muis ◽  
Apoina Kartini
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Serum Transferrin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Statistic ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spearman Correlation Test

Background: Stunted overweight is associated with mild chronic inflammation. The state of inflammation will increase the expression of hepcidin, which affects the iron status of the body, besides the intake of protein, iron, and vitamin C.Objective: To analyze the correlation of hepcidin levels and food intake (protein, iron, vitamin C) with serum transferrin receptors (sTfR) and hemoglobin in stunted overweight adolescents.Method: The design of research was cross-sectional. The subjects were 64 adolescents stunted overweight aged 15-18 years in four high/vocational schools in the Banyumanik District, Semarang City. Measurement the level of hepcidin and sTfR was using the ELISA method and haemoglobin was using Cyanomethemoglobin method. Data on protein, iron, vitamin C intake was using the SQ-FFQ method. Bivariate analysis was using Pearson and Spearman correlation test then followed by multiple linear regression analysis.Results: The result showed that 89.1% subjects had adequate intake of protein, 54.7% subjects had low intake of vitamin C, 76.6% subjects had low intake of iron. Hepcidin levels in all subjects were 100% normal. There were 7.8% subjects with a low sTfR and 7.8% with a low haemoglobin level. Statistic test showed there was correlation between hepcidin with haemoglobin and sTfR (p1 = 0,010 r1 = -0,319, p2 = 0,001, r2 = 0,569). From food intake, only intake iron was correlated with haemoglobin but not with sTfR. There was significant difference between the mean of haemoglobin and sTfR among girls and boys. Further analysis, showed that only hepcidin was a weak negative determinant for sTfR (R2 = 0,120). The determinant factors for haemoglobin were gender (p=0,001) and hepcidin (p =0,004) with the value of R2 = 0,577.Conclusion: Hepcidin correlated with sTfR and haemoglobin while iron intake only correlated with hemoglobin.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN POLA MAKAN DENGAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA ORANG DEWASA DI SUMATERA BARAT

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miftah Nur Andamsari ◽  
Nur Indrawati Lipoeto ◽  
Husnil Kadri
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The People ◽  
Spearman Correlation Test ◽  
Vitamine C

AbstrakTerdapat banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi tekanan darah pada orang dewasa, salah satunya adalah pola makan. Makanan dapat memicu kenaikan atau penurunan tekanan darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti lebih lanjut tentang hubungan pola makan dengan tekanan darah. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada masyarakat yang bertempat tinggal di Padang Pariaman, Padang, Solok dan Padang Panjang. Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross-sectional dengan jumlah sampel 250 orang. Pengumpulan data responden dilakukan dengan wawancara dan pengukuran tekanan darah. Analisis statistic yang digunakan adalah uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 20% responden menderita hipertensi. Uji korelasi Spearman menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara konsumsi lemak dengan tekanan darah sistolik (p<0,05). Sementara konsumsi lemak dengan tekanan darah diastolik tidak menunjukkan adanya hubungan (p>0,05). Konsumsi kalori, vitamin C dan kalsium juga tidak menunjukkan hubungan dengan tekanan darah (p>0,05). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah walaupun tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pola makan lemak, kalori, vitamin C dan kalsium dengan tekanan darah, tapi ada kecenderungan terdapat korelasi yang negatif. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan memperhitungkan faktor resiko lain yang mempengaruhi tekanan darah.AbstractThere are many factors that have correlation with blood pressure in adult, one of them is food intake. Food can leads the blood pressure to increase or decrease. The objective of the study aims to further investigation the correlation of food intake with the blood pressure.The research was conducted to the people who live in Padang Pariaman, Padang, Solok and Padang Panjang. This research was a cross-sectional study with 250 subject of people. Data collection had done through the interview and measurement of blood. The statistical analysis was Spearman correlation test.The result of this research found that 20% of respondent was categorized into Hypertension. Spearman correlation test showed that there’s a relation between fat intake and systolic blood pressure (p<0,05). While there’s no relation between fat intake and diastolic blood pressure (p>0,05). The intake of calorie, vitamine C and calcium showed no relation too with blood pressure (p>0,05). The conclusion of this research is eventhough there was no relationship between intake of fat, calorie, vitamine C and calcium with blood pressure, but they have a negative correlation. There is a need to make same research about this topic with another risk factor that influence blood pressure.

Perbedaan Penggunaan Antikoagulan K2EDTA DAN K3EDTA Terhadap Hasil Pemeriksaan Indeks Eritrosit

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Wahdaniah Wahdaniah ◽  
Sri Tumpuk
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ethylene Diamine ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Index Value

Abstract: Routine blood examination is the earliest blood test or screening test to determine the diagnosis of an abnormality. Blood easily froze if it is outside the body and can be prevented by the addition of anticoagulants, one of which Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA). Currently available vacuum tubes containing EDTA anticoagulants in the form of K2EDTA and K3EDTA. K3EDTA is usually a salt that has better stability than other EDTA salts because it shows a pH approaching a blood pH of about 6.4. The purpose of this research is to know the difference of erythrocyte index results include MCH, MCV and MCHC using K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA. This research is a cross sectional design. This study used venous blood samples mixed with K2EDTA anticoagulant and venous blood mixed with K3EDTA anticoagulants, each of 30 samples. Data were collected and analyzed using paired different test. Based on data analysis that has been done on MCH examination, p value <0,05 then there is a significant difference between samples with K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA to erythrocyte index value. Then on the examination of MCV and MCHC obtained p value <0.05 then there is no significant difference between samples with K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA to erythrocyte index value.Abstrak: Pemeriksaan darah rutin merupakan pemeriksaan darah yang paling awal atau screening test untuk mengetahui diagnosis suatu kelainan. Darah mudah membeku jika berada diluar tubuh dan bisa dicegah dengan penambahan antikoagulan, salah satunya Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA). Dewasa ini telah tersedia tabung vakum yang sudah berisi antikoagulan EDTA dalam bentuk  K2EDTA dan  K3EDTA. K3EDTA  biasanya berupa garam yang mempunyai stabilitas yang lebih baik dari garam EDTA yang lain karena menunjukkan pH yang mendekati pH darah yaitu sekitar 6,4. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil indeks eritrosit meliputi MCH, MCV dan MCHC menggunakan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel darah vena yang dicampur dengan antikoagulan K2EDTA dan darah vena yang dicampur dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA, masing-masing sebanyak 30 sampel. Data dikumpulkan dan dianalisis menggunakan uji beda berpasangan. Berdasarkan analisis data yang telah dilakukan pada pemeriksaan MCH didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 maka ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sampel dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA terhadap nilai indeks eritrosit. Kemudian pada pemeriksaan MCV dan MCHC didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 maka tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sampel dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA terhadap nilai indeks eritrosit.

PREVALENCE OF ESSENTIAL ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS OF DAGESTAN AND THE CONTENT OF Mg, K, Ca, Zn, Pb IN SOILS AND NATURAL WATERS OF THE TERRITORY

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 203-208
Author(s):  
Sh.K. Salikhov ◽  
◽  
D.Z. Alieva ◽  
U.A. Magomedova ◽  
S.О. Abdulkadyrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Geochemical Factors ◽  
Essential Arterial Hypertension ◽  
The Republic

The aim of the study is to determine the role of geochemical factors (the content of Mg, K, Ca, Zn, Pb in soils and natural waters of the plain zone of Dagestan) in the prevalence of essential arterial hypertension (EAH) among the population of children. Materials and methods of research: an observational cross-sectional (one-step) study of the prevalence of EAH in the child population was carried out. The prevalence rates of EAH among children in the plain zone of the Republic of Dagestan are calculated for 100,000 children 0–17 years old, without taking into account gender differences. The content of elements (Mg, K, Ca, Zn, Pb) in the environment (soil, natural waters) was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results: one-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA) of indicators of the content of metals (Mg, K, Ca, Zn, Pb) in the regions and objects (soils, natural waters) of the study revealed a statistically significant difference in the data (for soils: F=81,06772, p<0,0002; for natural waters: F=58,86451, p<0,00001). The dependence of children's EAH on the content of chemical elements in the objects of the biosphere of Dagestan was determined, which was expressed in an increase in the number of patients with EAH when Pb content exceeded (r=+ 0,576, r=+ 0,759) and with the decrease of Mg (r=–0,668, r=–0,173), K (r=–0,440, r=–0,636), Ca (r=–0,693, r=–0,533), Zn (r=–0,051, r=–0,827) in soils and natural waters. Conclusion: when assessing the pathogenesis of EAH in the population of children, the content of Mg, K, Ca, Zn, Pb in soil and water should be taken into account, since these microelements, entering the body with water and food, affect the elemental status of child's body.

Comparative assessment of odontometric parameters for gender determination: A hospital based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Mosmi Lomi ◽  
Jonathan Daniel M
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Maxillary Canine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Gender Determination ◽  
Significant Difference

Determining gender is one of the most important procedure in forensics. Teeth are made of the most enduring mineralized tissues in the body, as such, they have an extraordinary resistance to putrefaction and the effects of external agents (physical, thermal, mechanical, chemical or biological) which makes them invaluable material for anthropological, genetic, odontologic and forensic examinations.i)To assess the degree of sexual dimorphism in maxillary canine using maxillary canine index, maxillary first molar and central incisor using mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual/buccopalatal (BL) dimensions of the crown. ii) To determine the accuracy of maxillary canine index, first molar and central incisor dimensions (mesiodistal and buccolingual/buccopalatal) in determining sex.This study consisted of total 30 participants (males=15, females=15) of age group ranging from 20 to 35 yrs. Measurement of dimensions of selected teeth were performed on maxillary cast using digital Vernier caliper, resolution 0.01mm. Data thus obtained were analyzed statistically.The mean values of all the measurements in males were greater than females. There was statistical significant difference in mean value of bucco-lingual width of molar, mesiodistal width of canine (on left side, right side and average) and the inter-canine distance between males and females. The buccolingual width of molar showed the highest % of sexual dimorphism (5.33%) and the mesiodistal width of molar showed the least % of dimorphism (0.7%). Bucco-lingual width of molar posed the highest prediction accuracy for gender determination. We conclude that buccolingual width of maxillary first molar can be used to predict the gender when only teeth of maxillary arch are available for forensic examination.

A Cross-Sectional Study to Compare Differences on Clinical and Laboratory Findings in Children with Seropositive and Seronegative Lupus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shima Salehi ◽  
Rozita Hosseini Shamsabadi ◽  
Hassan Otukesh ◽  
Reza Shiari ◽  
Monir Sharafi
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
The Body ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Lupus is an inflammatory and autoimmune disease that involves various tissues and organs of the body. Identification of diagnostic elements to rapid identification of seronegative lupus cases is very important in order to prevent morbidity and progression of disease. This study aimed to compare clinical and laboratory findings of seropositive cases with seronegative lupus patients. Methods: This cross-sectional analytic study was performed on 43 children (17 seronegative and 26 seropositive) with lupus who were admitted to Ali Asghar Hospital during 2007-2017. Seropositive patients had anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) titration >1/80, while seronegative patients had ANA titration <1/80 (at the time of disease diagnosis). Clinical and laboratory findings were compared between two groups.Results: Serositis in patients with ANA- was significantly higher than ANA+ (41.17% vs. 23.07%; p = 0.042). ANA- group had higher autoimmune disease history than ANA+ group (42.85% vs. 15.0%; p = 0.041). The family history of the disease in the ANA- group was greater than ANA+ group (50% vs. 23.52%). The percentage of hypertensive patients in ANA- group was higher than ANA+ group (52.94% vs. 26.92%; p = 0.037). Neurologic symptoms in ANA+ and ANA- groups were 38.46% and 17.64%, respectively (p = 0.043). The frequency of patients with thrombocytopenia in ANA+ group was significantly greater than ANA- group (32% vs. 12.5%; p=0.041). There was no significant difference in other clinical and laboratory findings between two groups. Conclusion: Seronegative lupus patients had higher percentage of musculoskeletal symptoms, autoimmune disease history, familial history of disease, and hypertension, while neurological and thrombocytopenia symptoms were higher in seropositive patients compared to seronegative cases. Therefore, evaluation of these factors can be helpful to diagnosis of seronegative patients.

Weak psoas and spine extensors potentially predispose to hip fracture

2020 ◽  
pp. 112070002090433
Author(s):  
Keong-Hwan Kim ◽  
Jun Hee Lee ◽  
Eic Ju Lim
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Psoas Muscle ◽  
Hounsfield Unit ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fracture Group ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: We performed a computed tomography analysis of muscle composition characteristics in hip fracture patients and non-hip fracture controls. Methods: In total, 43 patients (9 men, 34 women) were included in the hip fracture group, matched 1 to 1 with non-hip fracture controls. Muscle cross-sectional areas were measured in axial CT scan at the body level of the 4th lumbar vertebra (L4), intervertebral disc level between the 5th lumbar vertebra and the 1st sacral vertebra (L5-S1) and just below level of the lesser trochanter (LT). Attenuation was also evaluated through the mean Hounsfield unit (HU) in these areas. Results: The cross-sectional area per weight (CSA/Wt, mm2/kg) of psoas muscle and extensor muscles of the spine showed a significant difference between the 2 groups at both L4 (9.7 vs. 12.4, p  < 0.001 and 26.3 vs. 29.2, p  = 0.025) and L5-S1 (9.6 vs. 11.5, p  = 0.001 and 8.8 vs. 10.3, p  = 0.041) levels. In addition, the HU of these muscles differed significantly between the 2 groups at both L4 (33.3 vs. 47.6, p  < 0.001 and 13.7 vs. 30.2, p  < 0.001) and L5-S1 (39.7 vs. 52.6, p  < 0.001 and 3.8 vs. 15.1, p  = 0.012) levels. There was no difference in abdominal wall, gluteal, or thigh compartment musculature between the groups. Conclusions: Poorer quantity and quality of psoas muscle and extensor muscles of the spine rather than whole body muscles may contribute to falls and were characteristic features of the hip fracture patients in this series. These findings should be considered when recommending a preventive exercise and rehabilitation protocol.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF PLATELET COUNT ON FIBROSIS DEGREE IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B PATIENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Hairul Anwar ◽  
Mutmainnah Mutmainnah ◽  
Ibrahim Abdul Samad
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Spearman Correlation Test

Chronic hepatitis B is an infectious liver disease caused by hepatitis B virus that persist for more than 6 months. Fibrosis is a result of fibrogenesis which is the formation of connective tissue (scarring) caused by liver tissue damage. Liver damage will affect the production of thrombopoetin causing disturbances in the balance between destruction and production of platelet resulting in decreased platelet counts. This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study by taking the data from medical records of chronic hepatitis B patients who were tested for complete blood count and fibroScan at the Dr.Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Makassar from January 2014 to July 2016. The result showed a total of 323 chronic B hepatitis patients, 99 with severe fibrosis, 84 with moderate fibrosis and 140 with mild fibrosis. The Spearman correlation test showed a significant correlation between the platelet count and the degree of fibrosis (p <0.001) and showed a positive correlation between both of them with a very strong correlation (r = 0.802). The Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference between platelet count and the degree of fibrosis (p<0.001). The conclusion is that a decreased platelet count is a sign of an increase in the degree of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients. It is suggested to perform another study with larger samples based on the degree of fibrosis. 

scholarly journals Triglycerides, independent of Ferriman Gallwey Score, is a main determinant of free testosterone index in PCOS

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Andon Hestiantoro ◽  
Putri Deva Karimah ◽  
Amalia Shadrina ◽  
Budi Wiweko ◽  
R. Muharam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pcos Patient ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Shbg Level ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunctions

Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age, affecting 5-20% of women worldwide. Hyperandrogenism, as the primary characteristic of PCOS, is not always present in every patient. The hyperandrogenic phenotype of PCOS patients is influenced by both hormonal and metabolic dysfunctions. Therefore, this study aims to determine the correlation between hormone profile, lipid profile, and clinical profile with free testosterone index in subjects with PCOS. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital between July 2014 and December 2016. The study involved 76 women with PCOS, who were classified into 2 subgroups: 39 subjects in the hyperandrogenism group and 37 subjects in the non-hyperandrogenism group. Each subject underwent physical examination, blood sample collection, and USG examination. Bivariate analysis was done using independent t-tests and Mann Whitney U-tests, while multivariate analysis was done using logistic regression. Results: Triglyceride and testosterone level showed weak (r = 0.232, p = 0.044) and moderate (r = 0.460, p ¡ 0.001) positive correlation with FTI, while SHBG level showed moderate negative correlation (r = -0.483, p ¡ 0.001). Triglyceride was also found to be determinant of hyperandrogenism condition in PCOS patient (OR 0.02, 95% CI 0.00–0.04, p = 0.013). However, there was no significant difference observed between FGS and hyperandrogenism (p = 0.43). Conclusions: Triglycerides, testosterone, and SHBG were associated with hyperandrogenism in PCOS patients, while FGS showed no such association.

scholarly journals Treatment outcomes and influencing factors on patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Jamshid Ayatollahi ◽  
◽  
Abolhasan Halvani ◽  
Mohammadhesam Gharaei Khezri ◽  
Hossein Shahcheraghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sputum Culture ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Drug Side Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Tuberculosis infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the most common infectious diseases, especially in countries such as Iran. The course of treatment and the number of drugs used vary depending on the severity of the disease and the parts of the body involved. The resistant tuberculosis to treatment has increased in recent years. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the frequency distribution of response to treatment of patients with tuberculosis in Sirjan, Iran. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study investigated all patients with tuberculosis in Sirjan city who had referred to health centers during the years 2011-2019. The data collection tool was a pre-prepared checklist that included information on age, sex, sputum smear results, sputum culture results, diabetes, patients' nationality, drug side effects, and response to treatment. Finally, data was entered into SPSS version 22, and analyzed. Results: In this study, the overall response rate was 83% and the mortality rate was 10%. Between the frequency distribution of response to treatment in terms of gender, age, sputum smear results, sputum culture results, patients' nationality and diabetes was not statistically significant difference. Also, no statistically significant difference was found between the frequency distribution of pulmonary TB treatment response in terms of drug allergy, drug hepatitis and other drug side effects. Conclusion: According to results, can be concluded that none of the variables: age, sex, smear and culture result, and history of diabetes have no an effect on response to treatment and mortality of tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Analysis of Cooperation and Motivation Nurse in Implentation Nursing of Family

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Siti Nur Kholifah ◽  
Nursalam Nursalam ◽  
Meriyana Meriyana ◽  
Ahsan Ahsan ◽  
Minarti Minarti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Care ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cooperative Relationships ◽  
Family Nursing ◽  
The Family ◽  
Spearman Correlation Test ◽  
Test Of Significance ◽  
Relationship Of

Cooperation of nurses needed in helping to resolve the client's problem. Cooperation was an important element in developing quality of human resources and improving performance. The general objective of this study was to identify cooperation-relation nurse with motivation in implementing the family nursing care at Surabaya city. The research method was analytical observational with cross sectional approach. The population of this study was 175 nurses at local government clinic at Surabaya city. The sample size of this study was 122 gained by probability sampling. The research variables include the cooperation of nurses and motivation in implementing family nursing care. Instrument used questionnaire. Bivariate analysis of the data was done by Spearman correlation test. Limit the test of significance is 0.05. The test resulted that there was a relationship of cooperation with the motivation of nurses in implementing family nursing care (p = 0.03). Nurses should develop cooperative relationships in order to increase their motivation to carry out the nursing care of the family.

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