scholarly journals Sex Ratio Analysis of Some Macrolepidoptera Species Collected by Hungarian Forestry Light Traps

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Nowinszky ◽  
János Puskás
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Ratio Analysis ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Male To Female

AbstractWe analysed the sex ratio of 32 macrolepidopteran species caught by Hungarian forestry light traps. That the ratio of males and females collected by light trap varies by species has been known for decades; however, the sex ratio found in the natural population is not known. All 32 species were processed separately, but by the same method. Both males and females were counted throughout the whole swarming. We calculated these figures and inspected the difference in the level of significance with the χ2 test. For each swarming we calculated the percentage of males and females. We also calculated the values of the variation coefficients, which express the deviations in average percentages.Males make up the majority of the moths captured in the trap; this result was mirrored by 29 of the 32 species investigated. One of the exceptions was the Pelosia muscerda Hfn. where we observed a male to female ratio that was equal. In addition to that Watsoniana cultraria Fabr. is the only one species captured by light traps that showed a significant female majority.Our results confirm that the majority of moths captured in traps are males. However, the proportion of males and females of each species, and even within the same species, tended to differ greatly with each swarming. Yet, it must be noted that these results speak only for those specimens captured by light traps and cannot be related directly to the actual sex ratio of populations living in the natural environment

scholarly journals Optimization of reproduction of ricefish endemic to Southeast Sulawesi Oryzias woworae Parenti & Hadiaty, 2010 through different sex ratios in spawning

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-251
Author(s):  
Mohamad Ayip Firmansyah ◽  
Mustahal Mustahal ◽  
Mas Bayu Syamsunarno ◽  
Muh Herjayanto
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Ornamental Fish ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Status Information ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Endangered Status ◽  
Male To Female

Oryzias woworae has a beautiful color and has been traded as ornamental fish. This species is an endemic ricefish from Muna Island, Southeast Sulawesi, and is threatened with endangered status. Information on the optimal spawning sex ratio in O. woworae is unknown. This study aimed was to examine the optimization of reproduction based on the sex ratio of male: female broodstock O. woworae involved in spawning. The sex ratio of male: female spawning broodstock used were 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4. The male and female brooders used had a total length of 3,1 ± 0,5 cm and 2,5 ± 0,5 cm. After adaptation, the broodstock of O. woworae was put into aquariums according to the treatment, and each container contained three spawning substrates. The harvesting of eggs on the substrate is carried out two times a day. The results showed that spawning O. woworae with a ratio of 1♂: 4♀ produced the lowest number of eggs and was significantly different with ratios of 1♂: 1♀ and 1♂: 2♀ (P<0,05). The ratio of 1♂ : 3♀ gave the highest egg hatching of 55% but was not significantly different from other treatments (P>0,05). The difference in male and female ratios did not affect the survival rate of O. woworae larvae (P>0,05), with values from 91,9-100%. The highest larvae produced was found in the spawning ratio of 1♂ : 3♀ with 37 larvae but not significantly different from other treatments (P>0,05). The water quality values during the study were temperature 26,5-310C, pH 5,5-8,8, and dissolved oxygen 5,3-6,0 mg L-1. O. woworae broodstock spawning can be optimized with a male to female ratio of 1:3.

scholarly journals Follow-up of the air pollution and the human male-to-female ratio analysis in São Paulo, Brazil: a times series study

BMJ Open ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. e002552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Georges El Khouri Miraglia ◽  
Mariana Matera Veras ◽  
Luis Fernando Amato-Lourenço ◽  
Fernando Rodrigues-Silva ◽  
Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Ratio Analysis ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Times Series ◽  
Human Male ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Series Study

scholarly journals Ascitic Fluid Cytology Seen in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 345-350
Author(s):  
CC Nwafor ◽  
K Obioha ◽  
TO Akhiwu
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Ascitic Fluid ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Fluid Cytology

Ascites is a symptom that can originate due to diverse pathologies. A lot of investigations including ascitic fluid cytology (AFC) can be done on it to help determine its origin. The aim of this study, is to document the findings and highlight the importance of AFC in patient care in Uyo. All AFC reports and slides in the Department of Histopathology, University of Uyo were retrieved, reviewed and used for this study. The age ranged from 1.5 – 80 years with mean age, 41.79 (±17.23) years. About 71.8% of the ascitic fluid (AF) specimens were from patients between the 3rd and 6th decade. Females predominated in all age groups expect 10-19 year's group, with a male to female sex ratio of 1:2.4. Malignant cells were seen in 28.7% of all the samples, while 51.2% were negative for malignant cells. Malignant cells were seen in 4 (6.7%), 11 (18.3%) and 6 (10%) of the AFC performed due to various liver pathologies, ovarian malignancies and intra-abdominal malignancies respectively. Malignant cells were found more in females with a male to female ratio of 1: 3.6. Age group 40-49 years accounted for most of the malignant cases (26.6%). The pattern of AFC in Uyo is similar to the pattern in other parts of Nigeria

Group structure in wood bison: nutritional and reproductive determinants

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1367-1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr E. Komers ◽  
François Messier ◽  
Cormack C. Gates
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Group Structure ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Wood Bison ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Mixed Groups ◽  
Male To Female

Sexual segregation in ungulates has been documented for many species including bison. However, male and female bison do not differ in their pattern of habitat selection. In the present study we observed that a fraction of bison groups did not have young (<2 years) despite the presence of males and females. The male to female ratio in these groups was 2.4. We call them adult groups, in contrast to mixed groups, where young were present and the male to female ratio was 0.4. The proportion of cows with young (mothers) in a group was negatively correlated with the male to female ratio, suggesting that mothers associated more often with other cows than with bulls. Before the rut, cows without young (non-mothers) spent less time feeding than either mothers or bulls. However, mothers and non-mothers did not differ in the number of steps per minute they took while grazing, and both types of cows stepped faster than bulls. We suggest that cows feed more selectively than bulls and that the differing foraging strategies result in temporal but not spatial segregation of the sexes. Possibly as a result of similar nutritional demands, mothers tended to aggregate, forming nursery groups. We suggest that the formation of nursery groups can also serve to protect calves through a dilution effect of predation. Whether mothers actually prefer to associate with other mothers remains to be investigated.

scholarly journals SUN-713 Prevalence of Renal Cysts in Patients with Carney Complex

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Crystal Dawn Chrysavgi Kamilaris ◽  
Athanasios Gkirgkinoudis ◽  
Christina Tatsi ◽  
Georgia Pitsava ◽  
Ninet Sinaii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cysts ◽  
Carney Complex ◽  
Regulatory Subunit ◽  
Cyst Size ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Renal Imaging ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Male To Female

Abstract In the general population renal cysts appear most commonly in patients &gt;50 y and in men. Among published studies, the prevalence of renal cysts detected by MRI was 27%, detected by CT was 20-41%, and detected by US was 4-17% (Mensel, et al., 2018; Choi, et al., 2016). In these studies, the male to female ratio in patients with renal cysts ranged from 1.4:1 to 2.93:1. Carney complex (CNC) is an autosomal dominant multiple endocrine neoplasia and lentiginosis syndrome predominantly caused by aberrant cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) signaling mostly (but not always) due to germline inactivating defects in PRKAR1A which encodes the regulatory subunit type 1α of PKA. In a small retrospective study, 5 of 9 subjects with CNC had renal cysts on MRI or CT (Ye, et al., 2017). This same study evaluated the development of renal cysts in kidney-specific Prkar1a knockout mice, where all mice developed a renal cystic phenotype. To determine the prevalence of renal cysts, we performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with CNC evaluated at our institution between 1984 and 2019 who underwent renal imaging with MRI, CT, and/or US. We hypothesized that CNC leads to renal formation of cysts in humans, with increased number of renal cysts and earlier age at detection. 117 patients with CNC (69 female [59%], 48 male [41%]) were evaluated with renal imaging (56% MRI, 41% CT, 3% US). Of these, 39 (33%) patients had renal cysts that were first detected on imaging between the ages of 13 and 58 y (mean age at diagnosis 37.1 ±12.7 y; 5 [13%] 12-19 y, 5 [13%] 20-29 y, 10 [26%] 30-39 y, 11 [28%] 40-49 y, and 8 [21%] 50-59 y). The mean number of cysts was 1.3 ±0.7, and mean dominant cyst size was 1.2 ±0.9 cm. Average creatinine at diagnosis was 0.8 ±0.2 mg/dl. Of the patients with renal cysts, 22 were female (56% of patients with renal cysts, 32% of females with CNC that underwent renal imaging) and 17 were male (44% of patients with renal cysts, 35% of males with CNC that underwent renal imaging). There was no difference in the prevalence of renal cysts between males and females (35% vs 32%, p=.70, for a 1.1:1 ratio). Age, number, and dominant cyst size were also not different between sexes (p=.51, p=.84, and p=.26, respectively). However, creatinine levels were higher in males (0.9 ±0.1 vs 0.7 ±0.1, p&lt;.001). All 39 patients with renal cysts had defects in PRKAR1A as compared to 73 of 78 (94%) patients with CNC that did not have renal cysts on imaging (p=.17). In conclusion, our data demonstrate that there is a high prevalence of renal cysts in patients with CNC with both males and females being affected equally, in contrast to the majority of previously reported population studies. They also suggest that renal cysts may develop in patients with CNC at a younger age. These results can be further validated by comparison to a cohort of healthy controls.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer in Jordan, From 2003 to 2012

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 32s-32s
Author(s):  
M. Alzaghal
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Male To Female

Background: Colorectal cancer is an important public health problem. There are nearly one million new cases of colorectal cancer diagnosed world-wide each year and half a million deaths. Regionally it is the fourth most common cause of morbidity and mortality. Recent reports show that, in Jordan, it ranked the second among all new cancers in both males and females. Aim: To explore and identify the epidemiology of colorectal cancer in Jordan over the 10 years period 2003-2012 to provide update information regarding the likely future. Methods: This project was a descriptive study, cases were identified from Jordan cancer registry (JCR), all Jordanian cases diagnosed and registered in 2003-2012 were included, data on age, sex, primary site, morphology, grade and stage were collected and filtered, frequency by graphs and tables was demonstrated, SPSS software version 17 was used for analysis, and official approval to do the study was taken from the registry. Results: Total number of colorectal cancers in Jordan registered in JCR from 2003 to 2012 was 3299 cases among both genders, 1833 in males which accounted for (55.6%) and 1466 cases (44.4%) in females. In 2012, there were 567 (11.3%) of all newly diagnosed cases among Jordanians compared with 357 (10.3%) in 2003. Male to female ratio was (0.9:1) compared with (1.4:1) in 2003. The median age at diagnosis was 61 years for both genders in 2012, in 2003 it was (51). The overall age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) increased from 11/100,000 in 2003 to 16.3/100.000 in 2012. Conclusion: This study will provide health professionals researchers and policy makers with detailed information about colorectal cancer epidemiology through 2003-2012 and it demonstrate the magnitude of the problem, which will assist in planning and evaluation and to identify priorities, and this will provide a solid database for establishing screening programs for early detection.

Comparison of Phenobarbital versus Magnesium Sulphate for Management of Neonate with Birth Asphyxia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 2145-2147
Author(s):  
Lubna Riaz ◽  
Syed Muhammad Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Ahmad Zakki ◽  
Neelam Faryad ◽  
Shazia Iram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Sulphate ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Group A ◽  
Insignificant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B ◽  
Breathing Effort ◽  
Male To Female

Background: Poor breathing effort results in decrease oxygen supply to brain and other organs that lead to birth asphyxia. Phenobarbital and magnesium sulphate are both neuroprotective to asphyxia! injury to brain. Objective: To compare the frequency of neonatal mortality with phenobarbital versus magnesium sulphate in the management of birth asphyxia Study Design: Randomized control trial Place and Duration of Study: Pediatrics Department, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, from 8th March 2020 to 8th September 2020. Methodology: One hundred and two neonates were enrolled. After taking informed consent from parents their demographic data was obtained. Then patients were divided in to two groups; group A treated with Phenobarbital and other group B treated with magnesium sulphate. Results: The mean age of group A neonates was 54.37+14.303 days and in group B 48.40+15.20 days with male to female ratio was 0.7:1. Adverse outcome occurred in 12 (11.54%) patients. Statistically insignificant difference (P=0.122) was found between groups. Conclusion: There is more adverse effects outcome with magnesium sulphate than phenobarbital however the difference was statistically insignificant for management of neonates with birth asphyxia. Keywords: Birth asphyxia, Neonates, Magnesium sulphate (MgS04), Phenobarbital

The Difference of Macrophage Involvement in Multiple Myeloma Patients with Distinct Prognosis

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 4979-4979
Author(s):  
Wu Yu ◽  
Huangling Zhu ◽  
Li Xiang Long ◽  
Ting Liu
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Therapeutic Response ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
International Staging System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Male To Female

Abstract Abstract 4979 Recently the essential role of macrophages in the drug resistance or pathogenesis of plasma cell myeloma has gradually been identified and investigated. Here we analyzed patients diagnosed as multiple myeloma in West China Hospital, Si Chuan University, China in the past 3 years. The study involved 156 patients, aged 34–81 year old, mean age 60. 4 year old, male to female ratio is 1. 47:1, including 2 and 3 stages of myeloma according to International Staging System. The therapeutic response was evaluated on the basis of criteria of International Myeloma Working Group Uniform Response Criteria in patients who had completed 3 therapeutic dexamethasone- containing cycles. We observed the involvement of macrophages in bone marrow by immunohistochemical staining of anti-CD68 monoclonal antibody (DAKO). During the observation, two pathologists without any knowledge of clinical data find the “hot spot ” of myeloma cells and then enumerated the number of macrophage in “ hot spots ” under 400 magnification. Interestingly, patients with more macrophage involvement (>40/hp) in bone marrow showed poorer response (including PR, VGPR and CR after 3 cycles of chemotherapy) (31. 2%) to Dexamethasone-containing chemotherapy and higher incidence of disease progression-related deaths. On the contrary, the patients with lower macrophage involvement demonstrated much better response (91. 6%) to chemotherapy and persistent remission (figure 1 the response rate analyzed by macrophage involvement). In summary, the difference of macrophage involvement in bone marrow of multiple myeloma patients with distinct prognosis suggested the macrophage inside bone marrow play a role in myeloma pathogenesis and therapeutic response. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals A test of oscillation in the human secondary sex ratio

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Catalano ◽  
Joan A Casey ◽  
Tim A Bruckner
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Reproductive Suppression ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Secondary Sex Ratio ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Human Birth

Abstract Background and objectives The sex ratio of human birth cohorts predicts the health and longevity of their members. Most literature invokes natural selection in support of the argument that heritable tendencies to produce male or female offspring induce oscillation in the sex ratio and its sequelae. Tests of the argument remain exceedingly rare because they require vital statistics describing many generations of a population both unaffected by migration and exposed to an exogenous stressor virulent enough to change the sex ratio at birth. We contribute to the literature by using time-series modeling to detect oscillation in the best data currently available for such a test. Methodology We apply rigorous time-series methods to data describing Sweden from 1751 through 1830, a period when the population not only aged in place without migration, but also exhibited the effects of an Icelandic volcanic eruption including a historically low secondary sex ratio. That very low sex ratio should have induced oscillation if heritable mechanisms appear in humans. Results We detected oscillation in the ratio but not that predicted by heritable tendencies to produce males or females. We found peak-to-trough oscillation at 14 rather than the approximately 32 years expected from the heritable tendencies argument. Conclusions and implications Our findings suggest that mechanisms other than perturbation of heritable tendencies to produce males or females induce oscillation in the human secondary sex ratio. These other mechanisms may include reproductive suppression and selection in utero. LAY SUMMARY The male to female ratio in human birth cohorts predicts longevity but its variation over time remains unexplained. We test the long-held theory that the ratio oscillates due to heritable tendencies to produce males or females. We find oscillation, but it appears due to social processes rather than heritable mechanisms.

scholarly journals On the fecundity and sex-ratio of Botia Dario (Hamilton) (Cypriniformes : Cobitidae)

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 27-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Afzal Hussain ◽  
Mst Rehana Khatun ◽  
M Altaf Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Standard Length ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Ovary Weight ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Length Standard ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Male To Female

A total of 1183 Botia Dario (Hamilton) samples were collected from Rajshahi (Shaheb Bazar, Binodpur Bazar, Talaimari Bazar, Kazla Bazar and Godagari) during the period from January, 2002 to August, 2003 to study the fecundity, sex-ratio, relationship between fecundity and total length, standard length, body weight, ovary length as well as ovary weight. The mean fecundity was calculated as 31833.50±10313.42 with a range of 5245 to 53754 in fishes ranging in total length from 96 mm to 135 mm (mean 115.50±12.11 mm) and in body weight from 14.51 g to 43.29 g (mean 29.71±6.91 g). The relationship between the fecundity (F) and total length (TL), standard length (SL), body weight (BW), ovary length (OL) and ovary weight (OW) were found to be linear with the ‘r’ values 0.94, 0.94, 0.95, 0.92 and 0.98, respectively. The ovum diameter ranged from 0.3 to 0.72 mm and the mean diameter was calculated as 0.518±0.06 mm. The male to female ratio was 1:0.61. Key words: Botia dario, fecundity, sex-ratio. Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 26, 2007. pp. 27-29

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