The tendency to trust as individual predisposition – exploring the associations between interpersonal trust, trust in the media and trust in institutions

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaus Jackob
Keyword(s):  
Social Trust ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
German Population ◽  
Communication Research ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Trust Relationships ◽  
Trust In Institutions ◽  
The Media ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Individual

AbstractTrust in the media has become an increasingly important issue in communication research. Traditional credibility research and modern media skepticism studies have bred a multiplicity of empirical findings illustrating the attitudes of the recipients toward the mass media, possible reasons for trust or skepticism, and possible consequences of media trust for the individual and society. However, the psychological causes of trust in the media have not attracted much attention in communication research. This is especially true for personality traits such as individual level of interpersonal trust, which, as a global attitude, might be considered as one possible reason for the development of further trust relationships. In this paper it is assumed that the individual level of generalized social trust is one possible reason for the development of trust in the media. It is assumed that people tending to generally trust their fellow humans also express high levels of trust in the media and in other institutions. Based on a representative telephonic survey of the German population, it was found that there are positive correlations between interpersonal trust, trust in the media, and trust in other institutions.

scholarly journals Social and economic determinants of support for a strong non-democratic leader in democracies differ from non-democracies

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-352
Author(s):  
Silas Xuereb ◽  
Michael J. A. Wohl ◽  
Anna Stefaniak ◽  
Frank J. Elgar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
System P ◽  
The Individual

A growing body of evidence suggests that support for a strong non-democratic leader is driven, in part, by low economic development and economic inequality at the country level, and low income and interpersonal trust at the individual level. In the current research, we tested the hypothesis that although such a pattern predicts support for a strong non-democratic leader in democracies, it should produce decreased support for a strong non-democratic leader in non-democracies (where the presence of such leaders is the political status quo). Using three waves of World Values Survey data (2005-2020), as predicted, we found that in democracies, low economic development, high inequality, and low interpersonal trust predicted support for a strong non-democratic leader. However, in non-democracies, support for a strong non-democratic leader was higher in more economically developed countries and among individuals with higher social trust. These results contradict modernization theory’s proposition that development promotes support for democratic rule and suggest that economic development reinforces support for the existing political system.

Personality change and environmental concerns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher James Hopwood ◽  
Ted Schwaba ◽  
Wiebke Bleidorn
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
German Population ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Sustainable Behavior ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

Personal concerns about climate change and the environment are a powerful motivator of sustainable behavior. People’s level of concern varies as a function of a variety of social and individual factors. Using data from 58,748 participants from a nationally representative German sample, we tested preregistered hypotheses about factors that impact concerns about the environment over time. We found that environmental concerns increased modestly from 2009-2017 in the German population. However, individuals in middle adulthood tended to be more concerned and showed more consistent increases in concern over time than younger or older people. Consistent with previous research, Big Five personality traits were correlated with environmental concerns. We present novel evidence that increases in concern were related to increases in the personality traits neuroticism and openness to experience. Indeed, changes in openness explained roughly 50% of the variance in changes in environmental concerns. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the individual level factors associated with changes in environmental concerns over time, towards the promotion of more sustainable behavior at the individual level.

The Gatekeeping of iNews.id about News on Worship in Mosques Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic

MEDIASI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Shania Shaufa ◽  
Thalitha Sacharissa Rosyidiani
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
System Level ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Individual

This article explains about online media iNews.id in implementing gatekeeping function. This study aims to find out how gatekeeping efforts iNews.id in the production process on the issue of preaching restrictions on worship in mosques during Ramadan in 2020. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the current media situation, especially in the midst of a crisis, encourages the public to become heavily dependent on media coverage. With a qualitative approach, researchers analyzed five levels of influence on the gatekeeping process in online media iNews.id. The results of this study show that factors that influence the way iNews.id in the production process of preaching restrictions on worship in mosques due to the Covid-19 pandemic are the individual level of media workers, the level of media routine, the organizational level, the extramedia level, and the social system level. The conclusions of this study state the most dominant levels is the organization level and the media routine level in the iNews.id.

scholarly journals Does your neighborhood protect you from being depressed? A study on social trust and depression in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Fahmi ◽  
Nur Afni Panjaitan ◽  
Ibnu Habibie ◽  
Adiatma Y. M. Siregar ◽  
Gilang Amarullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Trust ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background Prevalence of depression in Indonesia is estimated at about 3.7% of the total population, although the actual may be higher. Studies worldwide have linked the environment where people live to their mental health status. However, little research is found in Indonesia regarding this link. We examined the association between individuals’ perception towards their neighborhood and their depression symptoms. Methods Social trust was measured at the individual (level 1) and community (level 2) levels based on the Indonesian Family Life Survey 5 (IFLS5) in 2014. Depression was measured using the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale Revised (CESD-R-10) and the scores were transformed into logit form using the Rasch model. Multilevel regression was used to determine correlations. Results Of the total sample of 14,227 respondents in this study, about 19.4% had experienced severe depression symptoms in the past week. Social trust was found to be significantly associated with severe depression symptoms. The weaker the individuals’ social trust towards their neighbourhood, the higher the probability of experiencing severe depression symptoms would be. Conclusions This study shows that social trust is associated with the severity of depression symptoms: the higher the social trust, the lower the probability of having severe depression symptoms is. Depression symptoms may also be attributed to significant differences between communities.

Social Trust and Public Opinion about Territorial Disputes: Evidence from a Survey in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-633
Author(s):  
Florian Justwan ◽  
Sarah Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Character Trait ◽  
Territorial Disputes ◽  
Territorial Dispute ◽  
Arunachal Pradesh ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
South Tibet

Abstract This article explores the sources of public opinion about territorial disputes. Specifically, it investigates the impact of one particular character trait—social trust—on the policy preferences of Indian citizens in the context of the Sino-Indian dispute over Arunachal Pradesh/South Tibet. We argue that social trust shapes how a citizen thinks about a given territorial dispute and influences which policy options this individual favors in response to another country's claim. Our empirical analysis is based on original survey data collected in the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT) in January/February 2017. In line with our theoretical expectations, we find that high-trust individuals are: (1) more likely to regard China's claim to Arunachal Pradesh/South Tibet as legitimate; (2) more willing to favor the onset of conflict management; and (3) more supportive of concessions. This article therefore adds to a growing literature examining the individual-level determinants of public opinion in territorial disputes.

Political Journalism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesper Strömbäck ◽  
Adam Shehata
Keyword(s):  
System Level ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Strategic Game ◽  
Partisan Bias ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Political Journalism ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Systems ◽  
Conflict Framing ◽  
The Individual

Political journalism constitutes one of the most prominent domains of journalism, and is essential for the functioning of democracy. Ideally, political journalism should function as an information provider, watchdog, and forum for political discussions, thereby helping citizens understand political matters and help prevent abuses of power. The extent to which it does is, however, debated. Apart from normative ideals, political journalism is shaped by factors at several levels of analysis, including the system level, the media organizational level, and the individual level. Not least important for political journalism is the close, interdependent, and contentious relationship with political actors, shaping both the processes and the content of political journalism. In terms of content, four key concepts in research on political journalism in Western democratic systems are the framing of politics as a strategic game, interpretive versus straight news, conflict framing and media negativity, and political or partisan bias. A review of research related to these four concepts suggests that political journalism has a strong tendency to frame politics as a strategic game rather than as issues, particularly during election campaigns; that interpretive journalism has become more common; that political journalism has a penchant for conflict framing and media negativity; and that there is only limited evidence that political journalism is influenced by political or partisan bias. Significantly more important than political or partisan bias are different structural and situational biases. In all these and other respects, there are important differences across countries and media systems, which follows from the notion that political journalism is always influenced by the media systems in which it is produced and consumed.

Political Agenda Setting and the Mass Media

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefaan Walgrave ◽  
Peter Van Aelst
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Agenda Setting ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Mass Media ◽  
The Individual

Recently, the number of studies examining whether media coverage has an effect on the political agenda has been growing strongly. Most studies found that preceding media coverage does exert an effect on the subsequent attention for issues by political actors. These effects are contingent, though, they depend on the type of issue and the type of political actor one is dealing with. Most extant work has drawn on aggregate time-series designs, and the field is as good as fully non-comparative. To further develop our knowledge about how and why the mass media exert influence on the political agenda, three ways forward are suggested. First, we need better theory about why political actors would adopt media issues and start devoting attention to them. The core of such a theory should be the notion of the applicability of information encapsulated in the media coverage to the goals and the task at hand of the political actors. Media information has a number of features that make it very attractive for political actors to use—it is often negative, for instance. Second, we plead for a disaggregation of the level of analysis from the institutional level (e.g., parliament) or the collective actor level (e.g., party) to the individual level (e.g., members of parliament). Since individuals process media information, and since the goals and tasks of individuals that trigger the applicability mechanism are diverse, the best way to move forward is to tackle the agenda setting puzzle at the individual level. This implies surveying individual elites or, even better, implementing experimental designs to individual elite actors. Third, the field is in dire need of comparative work comparing how political actors respond to media coverage across countries or political systems.

scholarly journals Digital Literacy in the Perspective of the Philosophy of Science Through the Media Literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Alan Ad'ha Firdaus ◽  
Moses Glorino Rumambo Pandin
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Media Literacy ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
Digital Media Literacy

The scientific article contains a survey on digital media literacy of Universitas Airlangga students which was conducted with the aim of knowing the understanding of students from all universities in Indonesia regarding digital media, and to find out how high the individual level of competence of students in Indonesia is in digital media literacy, as well as to find out the factors what influences the level of competent individuals regarding digital media literacy. This research was conducted using a descriptive survey method and using descriptive statistical data analysis techniques to analyze the research data. The results of the study revealed that: 1). The understanding of students in Indonesia regarding digital literacy is in the medium category, 2). The competent individual level of Indonesian students in digital media literacy is at the basic level, 3). The factors that influence the level of competent individuals related to digital media literacy are mainly family environmental factors.

scholarly journals Mediatized participation in European media systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-165
Author(s):  
Zrinjka Peruško ◽  
Dina Vozab
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Media System ◽  
Consumption Practices ◽  
The Media ◽  
Extensive Information ◽  
Media Systems ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cross National

This article explores patterns of mediatized participation of European citizens and the way they differ across different media systems, in a multilevel, cross-national comparative research design. Mediatized participation is operationalized as audience practices on the Internet. The media system is conceptualized through the theoretical model of digital mediascapes, which applied to 22 European Union countries produced three clusters/media systems. The audience data are from representative online surveys in 8 eastern and western European countries N = 9532 collected by the authors and their research partners. Factor and cluster analyses were performed showing types and patterns of mediatized participation. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis and ANOVA were performed to relate the individual level variables to the macro-level clusters of digital media systems. The article shows audiences in the more mediatized, Western cluster are more engaged in participatory practices in comparison to audiences in the Eastern/Southern cluster of European countries which show more extensive information consumption practices.

scholarly journals A Multilevel Modeling Study of the Influence of Relationship Enhanc¬ing Traits and Individualism on Satisfaction with Life Across Nations [Estudio de la influencia de los rasgos y el individualismo en la satisfacción vital entre naciones: un modelo multinivel].

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Anita Feher ◽  
Paul F. Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Level 2

The current cross-cultural study explored the associations between relationship enhancing traits (interpersonal trust, importance of close relationships, sociability), characteristics corresponding to an individualistic attitude (competition, autonomy), and life satisfaction. Data for this study was from 24 of the 59 countries used in the World Values Survey Wave 6. Multilevel modelling was used as a means to analyse the influence of individual level (Level 1) and country level (Level 2) variables on life satisfaction. Results indicated that the individual level predictors interpersonal trust and importance of close relationships made meaningful positive contributions to life satisfaction. The competition variable aggregated at the country level significantly negatively predicted life satisfaction, while country-level aggregated autonomy shared a positive relationship with life satisfaction.

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