Microencapsulation of Vegetable Oil: Alternative Approaches Using Membrane Technology and Spray Drying

Abstract Microencapsulation technology is a method that is widely used in the food industry. By comparing the latest encapsulation techniques, a significant number of publications concern membrane technology. The term “membrane- based encapsulation” entails that the first step of the technique is the preparation of emulsion with the help of microporous membranes. Generally, in microencapsulation technologies, the wall material is dissolved in a continuous phase and oil is dispersed within it. In the present investigation, a new method of preparing microcapsules composed of vegetable oil and maltodextrin was developed. In the first step, the wall material (maltodextrin) was dissolved in oil and considered as a dispersed phase, subsequently, it was introduced into a continuous phase (water) through a microporous membrane. A comparative study was conducted between conventional microencapsulation techniques and one developed in our laboratory. The average particle size of microcapsules prepared by our method is smaller than the size allowed by other methods. After encapsulation preparation, fine-tuned microcapsules were produced by spray drying. However, the main disadvantage of our proposed technology is rapid membrane fouling, because of high concentrations of solute in the dispersed phase. This problem can be eliminated by judicious and systematic investigations.

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Preparation of LiFePO4 Powders by Ultrasonic Spray Drying Method and Their Memory Effect

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14123193 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. 3193

Author(s):

Tu Lan ◽

Xiaolong Guo ◽

De Li ◽

Yong Chen

Keyword(s):

Spray Drying ◽

Memory Effect ◽

Electrode Materials ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Average Particle ◽

Preparation Process ◽

Drying Method ◽

Drying Temperature ◽

Ultrasonic Spray

The memory effect of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) was first discovered in LiFePO4, but its origin and dependence are still not clear, which is essential for regulating the memory effect. In this paper, a home-made spray drying device was used to successfully synthesize LiFePO4 with an average particle size of about 1 μm, and we studied the influence of spray drying temperature on the memory effect of LiFePO4 in LIBs. The results showed that the increasing of spray drying temperature made the memory effect of LiFePO4 strengthen from 1.3 mV to 2.9 mV, while the capacity decreased by approximately 6%. The XRD refinement and FTIR spectra indicate that the enhancement of memory effect can be attributed to the increment of Li–Fe dislocations. This work reveals the dependence of memory effect of LiFePO4 on spray drying temperature, which will guide us to optimize the preparation process of electrode materials and improve the management system of LIBs.

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Characterization of Industrial Wastes, Glass and Ceramic Wool

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.1585 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 727-728 ◽

pp. 1585-1590

Author(s):

Neuza Evangelista ◽

Jorge Alberto Soares Tenório ◽

José Roberto Oliveira ◽

Paulo R. Borges ◽

Taiany Coura M. Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Average Particle Size ◽

Amorphous Structure ◽

Glass Wool ◽

Industrial Wastes ◽

Average Particle ◽

X Rays ◽

Ceramic Fibers ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Reduction Of Energy Consumption ◽

Superior Corrosion Resistance

Ceramic fibers are characterized by their light weight, high degree of purity, low heat storage, low thermal conductivity, thermal shock resistance and superior corrosion resistance in high-temperature environments. In addition, they can be produced extensively in substitution to all materials used in the coating of almost all heating equipment as well as contributing to the reduction of energy consumption. Such characteristics make them ideal in the coating of distributors, mufflers, heating ovens, among others, as highly demanded by the mining and metallurgical industries, among others. After use in the process of industrial production, generated waste will lose their insulation capacity and thus require safe disposal. The present work focuses specifically on ceramic and glass wools aiming at an evaluation of their recycling prospect of incorporation into cement mortars and concrete. This residues were pulverized and displayed ~30µm average particle size. The scan electronic microscopy (SEM) presented elongated, thin and straight particles, which is very different than flocular structure of cement. The X-rays diffraction revealed amorphous structure for glass wool and crystalline structure for ceramics wool. The chemical analysis showed high concentrations of Al2O3 and silica in both residues, with higher percentage of calcium oxide in glass wool.

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DETERMINAÇÃO DO EQUILÍBRIO HIDRÓFILO-LIPÓFILO (EHL) DE ÓLEOS DE ORIGEM VEGETAL

Visão Acadêmica ◽

10.5380/acd.v3i1.494 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. M. W. ZANIN ◽

M. D. MIGUEL ◽

M. C. CHIMELLI ◽

A. B. OLIVEIRA

Keyword(s):

Vegetable Oil ◽

Emulsion Stability ◽

Continuous Phase ◽

Dispersed Phase ◽

Molecular Formula ◽

Interface Interaction ◽

Specific Substance ◽

Para Determinar

A estabilidade das emulsões depende intrìnsecamente da interação interfásica estabelecida pelo agente emulsivo, composto anfifílico, entre as fases imiscíveis que as constituem. A escolha, proporção e a característica do tensoativo a ser utilizado na preparação da emulsão almejada, são previstas pormeio da verificação dos valores de equilíbrio hidrófilo-lipófilo (EHL) das substâncias envolvidas, o que permite predizer o tipo de comportamento esperado do composto frente a substâncias polares ou apolares. Os tensoativos devem apresentar valor de EHL equivalente ao da fase dispersa, para poder mantê-la estabilizada frente à fase dispersante. Para determinar o valor de EHL pode-se recorrer a dados em literatura ou equações baseadas na fórmula molecular do composto. Entretanto, quando o EHL de uma substância específica é desconhecido ou a literatura cita em ampla faixa de valor, torna-se útil ensaiar o preparo de emulsões com o óleo cujo EHL deve ser determinado, utilizando-se de tensoativos de EHL conhecidos. Com a notificação do EHL do óleo, pode-se lançar mão de emulgentes ideais com mesmo valor de EHL. HYDROPHILE-LIPOPHILE BALANCE (HLB) DETERMINATION OF VEGETABLE OIL FAMILY Abstract Emulsion stability depends of interface interaction established by emulsifiers, anfiphilic compounds that adsorb between immiscible phases that formemulsion.Choosing, quantifying and characterizing surfactant to be used at desired emulsion preparation are provided through verifying hydrophilelipophile balance (HLB) which allows to predict compound expected behavior opposite polar and nonpolar substances. Surfactants must present HLB value equal to dispersed phase to stabilize it opposite continuous phase. Estimating HLB value can work about literature data resort, calculation which gives HLB from compound molecular formula definition. However, when specific substances HLB is unknown, essaying oil whose HLB must be determined emulsion preparation taking known HLB emulsifiers is useful. Getting oil HLB permits using ideal emulsifiers with same HLB value.

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Performance of a novel recycling magnetic flocculation membrane filtration process for tetracycline-polluted surface water treatment

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2017.218 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 490-500 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yufei Wang ◽

Hui Jia ◽

Hongwei Zhang ◽

Jie Wang ◽

Wenjin Liu

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Membrane Fouling ◽

Membrane Filtration ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Average Particle ◽

Permeate Flux ◽

Personal Care Product ◽

Surface Water Treatment ◽

Scale Experiment

A recycling magnetic flocculation membrane filtration (RMFMF) process integrating circulating coagulation, magnetic enhanced flocculation and membrane filtration was investigated for the treatment of surface water micro-polluted by tetracycline, a typical pharmaceutical and personal care product. A bench-scale experiment was conducted and several water quality parameters including turbidity, ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV254), total organic carbon and tetracycline concentration were evaluated, taking coagulation membrane filtration and magnetic flocculation membrane filtration processes as reference treatments. The experimental results showed that at the optimum doses of 20 mg·L−1 ferric chloride (FeCl3), 4 mg·L−1 magnetite (Fe3O4) and 6 mg·L−1 reclaimed magnetic flocs in RMFMF processes, removal efficiencies of above evaluated parameters ranged from 55.8% to 92.9%, which performed best. Simultaneously, the largest average particle size of 484.71 μm and the highest fractal dimension of 1.37 of flocs were achieved, which did not only present the best coagulation effect helpful in enhancing the performance of removing multiple contaminants, but also lead to the generation of loose and porous cake layers favouring reduced permeate flux decline and membrane fouling.

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Physico-Chemical, In Vitro and Ex Vivo Characterization of Meloxicam Potassium-Cyclodextrin Nanospheres

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13111883 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 1883

Author(s):

Patrícia Varga ◽

Rita Ambrus ◽

Piroska Szabó-Révész ◽

Dávid Kókai ◽

Katalin Burián ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spray Drying ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Rapid Onset ◽

Average Particle ◽

Nasal Drug Delivery ◽

Onset Of Action ◽

Physico Chemical

Nasal drug delivery has many beneficial properties, such as avoiding the first pass metabolism and rapid onset of action. However, the limited residence time on the mucosa and limited absorption of certain molecules make the use of various excipients necessary to achieve high bioavailability. The application of mucoadhesive polymers can increase the contact time with the nasal mucosa, and permeation enhancers can enhance the absorption of the drug. We aimed to produce nanoparticles containing meloxicam potassium (MEL-P) by spray drying intended for nasal application. Various cyclodextrins (hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, α-cyclodextrin) and biocompatible polymers (hyaluronic acid, poly(vinylalcohol)) were used as excipients to increase the permeation of the drug and to prepare mucoadhesive products. Physico-chemical, in vitro and ex vivo biopharmaceutical characterization of the formulations were performed. As a result of spray drying, mucoadhesive nanospheres (average particle size <1 µm) were prepared which contained amorphous MEL-P. Cyclodextrin-MEL-P complexes were formed and the applied excipients increased the in vitro and ex vivo permeability of MEL-P. The highest amount of MEL-P permeated from the α-cyclodextrin-based poly(vinylalcohol)-containing samples in vitro (209 μg/cm2) and ex vivo (1.47 μg/mm2) as well. After further optimization, the resulting formulations may be promising for eliciting a rapid analgesic effect through the nasal route.

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Creaming behavior prediction of argan oil in water emulsion stabilized by lacto-fermentation: creaming index

BMC Biotechnology ◽

10.1186/s12896-021-00711-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Soumaya El Bouchikhi ◽

Philippe Pagès ◽

Azeddine Ibrahimi ◽

Yahya Bensouda

Keyword(s):

Visual Analysis ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Health Benefit ◽

Sodium Caseinate ◽

Continuous Phase ◽

Underlying Structure ◽

Average Particle ◽

Water Emulsion ◽

Argan Oil ◽

The Stability

Abstract Background In order to improve the taste acceptability of certain nutritional oils, it has been decided in this study to introduce them in an emulsion whose surfactant is casein, then to carry out a lacto-fermentation, leading to a dairy-like product with added nutritional value and health benefit. In this context, a plan of mixtures has been proposed for the preparation of emulsions based on argan oil, sodium caseinate and starch, with concentrations ranged between (10–20%) and (0–2%) and (0–1.5%) respectively. All emulsions were homogenized at two high stirring velocities (10,000–20,000 rpm) and two stirring times (5–20 min). The physical stability was assessed by visual analysis and microstructural measurements. The Creaming index was calculated for selected emulsions to predict their creaming behavior. Results All emulsions showed a creaming behavior except one emulsion that required the highest values of all factors, which showed the highest creaming index with an average particle size of 11.27 μm. The absence or the variation of one or all factors led to various degrees of instabilities verified in all other emulsions. Due to the synergistic action of all parameters, the emulsion stability was attributed to the reduction of droplets size, the increase of continuous phase viscosity and the decrease of coalescence. Conclusion The parameters that played a major role in the stability of the emulsion consists of: stirring velocity and time, sodium caseinate/oil ratio and starch/sodium caseinate ratio. The underlying structure and the interaction of the fluid droplets within the solid like product is what holds the stability of the product against settling or separation during fermentation.

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β-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane Particles Prepared by Spray Drying and its Characterization

Materials Science ◽

10.5755/j02.ms.22853 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 119-124

Author(s):

Wenzheng XU ◽

Hao LI ◽

Xin LIANG ◽

Jie WANG ◽

Jinyu PENG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Spray Drying ◽

Ultrafine Particles ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Narrow Particle Size Distribution ◽

Average Particle ◽

Thermal Stimulus ◽

Particle Size Analyzer ◽

Xrd Patterns ◽

The Impact

In this paper, the ultrafine β-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (β – CL – 20) particles were prepared by spray drying method. The CL – 20 samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), particle size analyzer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). Furthermore, the safety properties of samples under impact and thermal stimulus were tested and analyzed. The results of SEM showed that the average particle size of ultrafine CL – 20 particles with a narrow particle size distribution, were about 320 nm, and the shape was elliptical. The XRD patterns indicated that the polymorphic phase of ultrafine particles was mainly β-type. Compared with that of raw CL – 20, the impact sensitivity of the ultrafine CL – 20 had been decreased significantly, for the drop height (H50) was increased from 13.0 to 33.5 cm. The critical explosion temperature of the ultrafine CL – 20 decreased from 232.16 ℃ to 227.93 ℃, indicating that the thermal stability of the ultrafine CL – 20 is lower than that of raw CL – 20.

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Effects of Flotation Deinking on Environmentally Friendly Offset Paper Printing Ink

10.21203/rs.3.rs-965726/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Shujie Yang ◽

Jianbin Shen ◽

Tiefei He ◽

Chao Chen ◽

Junming Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Vegetable Oil ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Environmentally Friendly ◽

Raw Material ◽

Waste Paper ◽

Average Particle ◽

Distribution Analysis ◽

Uv Led

Abstract Waste paper has become a promising raw material for the pulp and paper industry due to its low cost and because it is conducive to sustainable development. Unfortunately, waste paper contains a high volume of printed paper that is difficult to deink, which restricts its applications. Flotation deinking plays an essential role in the product quality and process cost of wastepaper recycling. This study was performed to evaluate the deinkability of environmentally friendly offset inks by flotation deinking. For this purpose, three series of four-color inks, namely, hybrid light emitting diode ultraviolet (LED‒UV), LED‒UV, and vegetable oil‒based inks, were printed on white lightweight coated papers under laboratory conditions. The deinking methodology involves repulping, deinking agent treatment, flotation, hand sheet making, and evaluation of the produced hand sheets. The obtained results indicated that the hybrid LED‒UV prints had the best deinkability. After flotation deinking, the deinking efficiency and the whiteness of the hybrid LED‒UV ink increased by 58.1% and 47.6%, respectively. LED‒UV ink had a 46.9% increase in the deinking efficiency and a 37.0% increase in the whiteness of the hand sheet. The deinking efficiency of the vegetable oil‒based ink was the lowest, at 42.1%, and the whiteness of the hand sheet increased only by 23.8%. The particle size distribution analysis demonstrated that the hybrid LED‒UV four-color ink exhibited a larger value of the average particle size than the two other. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the hybrid LED‒UV ink particles on the surface of the fibers were the least abundant after deinking. The physical strength properties of the hand sheets, including tensile index, folding resistance, and cohesion of the hybrid LED‒UV, LED‒UV inks, and vegetable oil‒based inks, increased.

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Blackberry pulp microencapsulation with arrowroot starch and gum arabic mixture by spray drying and freeze drying

Proceedings of 21th International Drying Symposium ◽

10.4995/ids2018.2018.7815 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Rafael Augustus De Oliveira ◽

Gislaine Ferreira Nogueira ◽

Farayde Matta Fakhouri

Keyword(s):

Spray Drying ◽

Freeze Drying ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Research Work ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Gum Arabic ◽

Antioxidant Property ◽

Average Particle ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Drying Process

The objective of this research work was to obtain blackberry pulp powder (BL, without encapsulating agent) and microencapsulated blackberry pulp (ML, with encapsulating agent :mixture of starch arrowroot and gum arabic (1:1)) obtained by freeze drying and spray drying and evaluate their physico-chemical properties. The yield of blackberry freeze drying process was higher than the value found for spray drying process. The presence of encapsulating agent and drying method used for producing the powders influenced the average particle size, diameter, hygroscopicity, solubility, wettability and anthocyanin content of the powders. Keywords: process yield; average size; hygroscopicity; solubility; anthocyanin; antioxidant property

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Sodium Caseinate and Acetylated Mung Bean Starch for the Encapsulation of Lutein: Enhanced Solubility and Stability of Lutein

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods11010065 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

Yifan Lu ◽

Bo Zhang ◽

Huishan Shen ◽

Xiangzhen Ge ◽

Xiangxiang Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mung Bean ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Particle Surface ◽

Fine Powder ◽

Sodium Caseinate ◽

Wall Material ◽

Average Particle ◽

Mung Bean Starch ◽

Enhanced Solubility

Lutein is a kind of vital carotenoid with high safety and significant advantages in biological functions. However, poor water solubility and stability of lutein have limited its application. This study selected different weight ratios of sodium caseinate to acetylated mung bean starch (10:0, 9:1, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, 1:9, and 0:10) to prepare lutein emulsions, and the microcapsules were produced by spray drying technology. The microstructure, physicochemical properties, and storage stability of microcapsules were investigated. The results show that the emulsion systems were typical non-Newtonian fluids. Lutein microcapsules were light yellow fine powder with smooth and relatively complete particle surface. The increase of sodium caseinate content led to the enhanced emulsion effect of the emulsion and the yield and solubility of microcapsules increased, and wettability and the average particle size became smaller. The encapsulation efficiency of lutein microcapsules ranged from 69.72% to 89.44%. The thermal characteristics analysis showed that the endothermic transition of lutein microcapsules occurred at about 125 °C. The microcapsules with sodium caseinate as single wall material had the worst stability. Thus, it provides a reference for expanding the application of lutein in food, biological, pharmaceutical, and other industries and improving the stability and water dispersion of other lipid-soluble active ingredients.

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