Development of a Prototype Plant for the Heat Treatment of Workpieces with Preferably Bainitic Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 340-355
Author(s):  
S. Wagner ◽  
T. Streng
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Isothermal Holding ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Process Chain ◽  
Forming Temperature ◽  
Spray Field ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Usual Process

Abstract In vehicle construction, components with high tensile strengths are used, especially in the chassis area. At the same time, these components must have high toughness and be insensitive to cracking. For this purpose, hardened and tempered but also salt-bainitized components are used. The associated usual process chain after steel production consists of forming processes with subsequent cooling of the forging blanks and subsequent heat treatment with renewed heating to set the required material properties. From an energy point of view, heat treatment from the forging heat is desirable, which in addition to shortening the process chain is also associated with a reduction in CO2 emissions. A prototype system for controlled bainitization has been developed, which implements the heat treatment immediately after hot forming by utilizing the still existing forming temperature. Here, a controlled spray field generates both a quenching and an isothermal holding phase. Various sensors generate input variables to cool the workpieces in a controlled manner. This paper gives an overview of the system technology, realized cooling curves and the resulting hardness.

Modeling of Dual-Phase Grain Structure in Ti-6Al-4V during Isothermal and Non-Isothermal Heat Treatment by Using Cellular Automata

2013 ◽  
Vol 753 ◽  
pp. 353-356
Author(s):  
Alfred Krumphals ◽  
Cecilia Poletti ◽  
Fernando Warchomicka ◽  
Martin Stockinger ◽  
Christof Sommitsch
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Isothermal Holding ◽  
Equilibrium Phase ◽  
Beta Phase ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Isothermal Heat Treatment ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Two Phase

In the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V the dual-phase grain structure, which forms during thermo-mechanical processing, is of high importance due to its effect on the mechanical properties. In general the most significant microstructural parameters are the amount of alpha and beta phase as well as their grain size. For this reason a new cellular automata method (CA) was developed to predict the evolving grain structure during isothermal and non-isothermal heat treatment. The probabilistic CA model is based on the diffusion controlled movement of grain and phase boundaries. During temperature changes an algorithm is adjusting alpha and beta phase fraction to maintain equilibrium phase values. Hence, the CA is capable to calculate grain coarsening as well as grain growth and shrinking in the two-phase area while heating and isothermal holding at forging temperature. The initial microstructure can be imported form virtual created microstructures, real micrographs and EBSD-images. The results are mean grain diameters, grain size distributions and virtually simulated microstructures which can be easily compared with real micrographs. The predicted microstructures are showing a good correlation to data in literature and experimental results.

High Indentation Resistance of Aluminum Borate Based Glass-Ceramics

2013 ◽  
Vol 545 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Pat Sooksaen ◽  
Pisud Prasertcharoensuk ◽  
Jiraporn Damnernsawat ◽  
Nimit Pattamawitayanimit
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Glass Melting ◽  
Isothermal Holding ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Isothermal Heat Treatment ◽  
Aluminum Borate ◽  
Holding Period ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Heat Treated

This study investigated the bulk crystallization of 54B2O3-19SiO2-17Al2O3-5BaO-5MgO (mol%) glass. Melting was carried out at 1500°C for 1 h using a bottom-load electric furnace. The glass melt was cast into a block and annealed at 500°C for 2 h. Isothermal heat treatment was carried out at 1100°C for 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 h to form bulk crystallized glass-ceramics using a heating and cooling rate of 5°C/min. Phases present in the glass-ceramic samples were studied by x-ray diffraction. Crystalline Al4B2O9 and Al18B4O33 were the main phases and the phase stability depended on the isothermal time. Microstructures were observed by a scanning electron microscope. The size of aluminum borate whiskers/rods tend to increase with longer isothermal holding period. The whisker/ rod-like crystals uniformly oriented throughout the microstructure in all heat treated samples. This led to interlocking microstructure and hence an increase in hardness and fracture toughness. Glass-ceramics synthesized at longer heat treatment times resulted in an increase in the surface hardness and shorter path length at the corner of the diamond pyramid-shaped indenter. Glass-ceramics synthesized in this study can be applied as high temperature resistant machinable materials because their microstructures can resist micro-cracking upon indentation.

Blechkomponenten aus hochfestem Aluminium*/Sheet metal components made of high-strength aluminium

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (10) ◽  
pp. 639-645
Author(s):  
P. Groche ◽  
J. Günzel ◽  
T. Suckow
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Process Chain ◽  
Lightweight Construction ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
High Specific Strength

Zur Ausnutzung der hohen spezifischen Festigkeit und folglich Eignung als Leichtbauwerkstoff von EN AW-7075 bedarf es neben den Umform- auch Wärmebehandlungsprozessen, die im Folgenden in den Umformprozess integriert werden und die Prozesskette somit deutlich kürzer und effizienter gestalten. Dieser Fachbeitrag zeigt, welches Produktivitäts- und Leichtbaupotenzial durch eine Inline-Wärmebehandlung erschlossen werden kann.   To be able to exploit the high specific strength and thus suitability of EN AW-7075 as a lightweight construction material, it requires not only forming but also heat treatment processes. The latter become integrated into the forming process and thus make the process chain significantly shorter and more efficient. This paper points out the potential for productivity and lightweight construction to be tapped by inline heat treatment.

Microstructure and Tensile Properties of TRIP-Aided Steel Sheet Subjected to Hot-Rolling and Austempering

2021 ◽  
Vol 1016 ◽  
pp. 732-737
Author(s):  
Junya Kobayashi ◽  
Hiroto Sawayama ◽  
Naoya Kakefuda ◽  
Goroh Itoh ◽  
Shigeru Kuraoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Hot Rolling ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Isothermal Holding ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Isothermal Transformation ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Steel Sheets

Various high strength steel sheets for weight reduction and safety improvement of vehicles have been developed. TRIP-aided steel with transformation induced plasticity of the retained austenite has high strength and ductility. Conventional TRIP-aided steels are subjected to austempering process after austenitizing. Generally, elongation and formability of TRIP-aided steel are improved by finely dispersed retained austenite in BCC phase matrix. The finely dispersed retained austenite and grain refinement of TRIP-aided steel can be achieved by hot rolling with heat treatment. Therefore, the improvement of mechanical properties of TRIP-aided steel is expected from the manufacturing process with hot rolling and then isothermal transformation process. In this study, thermomechanical heat treatment is performed by combining hot rolling and isothermal holding as the manufacturing process of TRIP-aided steel sheets. The complex phase matrix is obtained by hot rolling and then isothermal holding. Although the hardness of the hot rolled and isothermal held TRIP-aided steel is decreased, the volume fraction of retained austenite is increased.

Study of Heat Treatment Effect in MnCoGe Compound on Stucture and Electric Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 1010 ◽  
pp. 86-91
Author(s):  
Muhamad Faiz Md Din ◽  
Mohamed Shafie Mohd Jusoh ◽  
A.R. Abdul Rahman ◽  
Jian Li Wang ◽  
Nurul Hayati Idris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Structure Type ◽  
Magnetic Refrigeration ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Electric Properties ◽  
Orthorhombic Structure ◽  
Permittivity Measurement ◽  
Pattern Change ◽  
Structure Properties

A comprehension about magnetic refrigeration which develops strong materials as the refrigerant will be explained and develop in this project. Magnetic refrigeration comes from magnetocaloric effect (MCE) which is magnetic material known as refrigerant that react with a magnetic and demagnetic field. Refrigerant plays the roll in control the performance of magnetic refrigerator. One of interesting refrigerant is MnCoGe compound which found very favourable in produce high value of MCE. From this point of view, the process of producing of MnCoGe using ball milling treatment and heat treatment had been studied. Variable of temperature in heat treatment process and following by cooling down to room temperature have been implemented in order to produce good structure of MnCoGe compound. Furthermore, from structure properties measurement found this compound produce three type of structures which are hexagonal, orthorhombic and mix structure (hexagonal and orthorhombic). Based on the different temperature of heat treatment, it indicate for 1500o C and 1200o C treatment are dominant to the hexagonal structure type, then for 1000o C dominant to the orthorhombic structure and lastly for 1100o C dominant to mix structure. Electric properties measurement found the frequency play the role in change the structure as well as in 1000o C compound was found below 5M Hz frequency show the hexagonal structure and when increasing above 5M Hz the pattern change to orthorhombic structure respectively. Moreover, for the permittivity measurement it gives the information about conductivity and tan delta value. Systematically at 1000o C compound found this material is more to conductor behavior compare others compound. Therefore, when the temperature is increased to 1100o C, 1200o C and 1500o C then the conductivity value decreasing and its resistivity value become increasing.

Effects of Thermal Heat Treatment Parameters on the Properties of WE43 Magnesium Alloy

2016 ◽  
Vol 682 ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Ildiko Peter ◽  
Christian Castella ◽  
Mario Rosso
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Creep Resistance ◽  
We43 Magnesium Alloy

The WE43 is a Mg-Y-Nd alloy that presents good mechanical properties and an high creep resistance. For these reasons currently is widely used in the aerospace and automotive industries. The setting of the right thermal heat treatment parameters plays a crucial role in determine the microstructure and consequently the mechanical properties of the alloy. With this in mind, the main goal of this work has been that to identify the optimal parameters to achieve a high impact resistance and at the same time, the most suitable choice, to reach also an important cost-saving solution, which is extremely important especially from the industrial point of view.

scholarly journals Process chain for the fabrication of hardenable aluminium-zirconium micro-components by deep drawing

2018 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 15013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Toenjes ◽  
Julien Kovac ◽  
Bernd Koehler ◽  
Axel von Hehl ◽  
Andreas Mehner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Deep Drawing ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Process Chain ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Cold Forming ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Material State

Today, micro components are used in various industrial sectors such as electronics engineering and medical applications. The final quality of such parts depends on each individual step of the production chain from the manufacturing of semi-finished parts to the post-processing. In this study, magnetron sputtering is used to manufacture thin (15-30 μm) aluminium-zirconium alloy foils for the deep drawing of high strength and hardenable micro cups, which can be, for example, employed as micro valve caps. The development of a novel process chain for the production of these parts includes four different steps, beginning with the production of Al-Zr foils by magnetron sputtering. Secondly, tensile tests are performed with the foils in order to estimate their mechanical properties. Subsequently, micro deep drawing is used to produce the cup’s shape, and finally, a heat treatment in a drop-down tube furnace adjusts the cup’s hardness during fall. It is shown in particular that Al-Zr foils produced by magnetron sputtering have an attractive cold forming and hardening potential due to a microstructure consisting essentially of an oversaturated solid solution of zirconium in the aluminium matrix. This material state enables adequate formability and simplifies the heat treatment process since no solution annealing is required.

Producing Steels with Special Properties Using a Jet Heat Treatment System

2020 ◽  
Vol 854 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Yuri V. Gulkov ◽  
Anna V. Turysheva ◽  
Irina V. Vinogradova
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Mining Equipment ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Technological Complex ◽  
Metal Market

The prospects of production of special properties steels in the Russian and global metal market are estimated. The necessity of using new types of steels is substantiated. The prospects of introducing steels with special properties developed by PJSC “Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Company” to the market are determined. Evaluation of measures for the production of large volumes of products showed that there is a problem of a significant increase in the time of manufacturing and delivery of output products to the consumer. As measures to ensure the modernization of the technological complex of the steel enterprise and reduce the time for steel production, the system of jet heat treatment of metal is proposed. According to the results of comparative analysis of the MAGSTRONG H500 and HARDOX 500 alloys used in mining equipment under conditions of increased wear, it was revealed that the proposed method of heat treatment allows one to achieve high wear resistance properties, with high coefficients of tensile strength and toughness.

High Temperature Annealing of Simox Layers Physical Mechanisms of Oxygen Segregation

1988 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jaussaud ◽  
J. Margail ◽  
J. Stoemenos ◽  
M. Bruel
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Concentration Profile ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
High Temperature Annealing ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
Oxygen Migration ◽  
Buried Layer

ABSTRACTHigh temperature annealing of Simox wafers (T > 1300°C), has been proved to dramaticaly increase the quality of the SOI structure.The heat treatment leads to a redistribution of the implanted oxygen, opposite to its concentration profile, towards the buried layer.This paper describes from a thermodynamical point of view the SiO2 precipitates dissolution. The physical mechanisms of the oxygen migration are also discussed.

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