Melatonin and vitamin C exacerbate Cannabis sativa-induced testicular damage when administered separately but ameliorate it when combined in rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isiaka A. Alagbonsi ◽  
Luqman A. Olayaki ◽  
Toyin M. Salman
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group I ◽  
Total Antioxidant

AbstractThe mechanisms involved in the spermatotoxic effect ofFifty-five (55) male albino rats (250–300 g) were randomly divided in a blinded fashion into five oral treatment groups as follows: group I (control, n=5) received 1 mL/kg of 10% ethanol for 30 days; groups IIa, IIb, and IIc (n=5 each) received 2 mg/kgCannabis treatments reduced the Johnsen score, sperm count, motility, morphology, paired testicular/body weight ratio, and total antioxidant capacity, but increased lactate dehydrogenase activity. In addition, supplementation of cannabis-treated rats with either melatonin or vitamin C exacerbates the effect of cannabis on those parameters, whereas combination of melatonin and vitamin C reversed the trend to the level comparable to control.This study further showed the gonadotoxic effect of

scholarly journals Melatonin and Vitamin C Attenuate Cassava Diet-Induced Alteration in Thyroid Function

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullateef Alagbonsi ◽  
Oloruntobi Oluwasegun Maliki ◽  
Comfort Moyinolowa Ibitoye ◽  
Luqman Aribidesi Olayaki
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Abstract Background Cyanide is present in cassava and is well known to cause adverse effects on the male reproductive functions. This study evaluated the effect of melatonin and/or vitamin C on body weight, thyroid function and reproductive parameters in male Wistar rats treated with cyanide-enriched cassava-diet (CD), and their possible mechanisms of actions. Methods Forty-five (45) animals were divided into 9 groups (n = 5 each) that received the following treatments for 28 days. Groups I-III received normal saline (control), melatonin (15 mg/kg), and vitamin C (100 mg/kg) only. Groups IV-VI received 40% CD, while groups V and VI were additionally treated with melatonin only and melatonin and vitamin C respectively. Groups VII-IX received 80% CD, but groups VIII and IX were additionally treated with melatonin only and melatonin and vitamin C respectively. Results Melatonin and/or vitamin C supplement increased body weight in CD-treated rats. The sperm count (but not other semen parameters) was increased by CD and melatonin, while combination of melatonin and vitamin C in CD-treated rats increased all semen parameters. Neither CD alone nor its co-administration with melatonin and /or vitamin C affected plasma luteinising hormone (LH) and testosterone. The 40% CD and 80% CD increased triiodothyronine (T3), but the increase by the former was abolished by melatonin alone while the increase by the latter was neither affected by melatonin alone nor its combination with vitamin C. Moreover, the 40% CD and 80% CD increased thyroxine (T4), but was neither affected by melatonin alone or its combination with vitamin C. The levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were not different across all treatment groups. Both 40% CD and 80% CD increased the thiocyanate level, which was ameliorated by melatonin but abolished by combination of melatonin and vitamin C. Both 40% CD and 80% CD decreased the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level, which was abolished by melatonin. Conclusion In conclusion, this study suggests that CD increases weight gain, thyroid hormone and oxidative stress, which were attenuated by anti-oxidants melatonin and vitamin C.

scholarly journals Mitigative effect of Momordica cymbalaria fruit extract against sodium fluoride induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar male albino rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghavendra Mitta ◽  
Sushmitha Duddu ◽  
Raghuveer Yadav Pulala ◽  
Pradeepkumar Bhupalam ◽  
Venkatakirankumar Mandlem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group I

AbstractObjectivesThe main objective of the present study is to evaluate the mitigative effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Momordica cymbalaria fruits against sodium fluoride (NaF) induced hepatotoxicity.MethodsIn this study, Wistar male albino rats were randomly divided into five groups of six rats each. Group I and II served as normal and toxic controls. Group III as plant control received extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg b. wt, p.o and Groups IV and V as treatment groups received extract at a dose 200 and 400 mg/kg b. wt, p.o for 30 days. All groups except Groups I and III received 100 ppm of NaF through drinking water. After completion of the study, blood collected for the estimation of liver blood serum biomarkers such as aspartate aminotransferases (AST), alanine aminotransferases (ALT), alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), direct and total bilirubin, total protein and albumin. The liver tissue homogenate was for estimation of lipid peroxidation, catalase, and reduced glutathione levels.ResultsThe results showed that NaF intoxication caused elevation of liver blood serum levels and lipid peroxidation; decreased levels of serum total protein, albumin and liver reduced glutathione, and catalase observed. The treatment groups showed decreased elevated serum biomarkers (ALT, AST, and ALP), liver lipid peroxidation and increased serum total protein and albumin, liver reduced glutathione and catalase levels in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathological studies also further strongly supported for mitigative effects of the plant.ConclusionsIn conclusion, our findings of the study indicated that M. cymbalaria fruits were a potential drug candidate in the treatment of NaF induced hepatotoxicity.

scholarly journals Pathomorphological changes of flunixin meglumine toxicity in layer chicks

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1253-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Patel ◽  
K. B. Kapadiya ◽  
D. J. Ghodasara
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Flunixin Meglumine ◽  
Group I ◽  
Urate Crystals

The aim of the 21 day toxicity study was to evaluate the pathomorphological effect of flunixin meglumine in layer chicks. The chicks of Group I were kept as control while groups II, III and IV were fed with diet containing flunixin meglumine @ 10 ppm, 25 ppm and 50 ppm respectively for 21 days. Clinical signs viz. anorexia, dullness,lethargy, lameness and uneven growth were noticed in chicks of treatment groups III and IV only. Maximum mortality was observed in group IV (12%) followed by group III (4%). A dose dependant reduction in body weight was observed in all the treatment groups. The mean values of Kidney: Body weight ratio was significantly increased in group IV. The plasma uric acid, creatinine and BUN values were significantly increased in group III whereas increase in group IV was highly significant. Grossly, there was deposition of chalky white urates on serosal surface of kidney, heart and liver in chicks of group IV which died during experiment. Microscopically, lesions were characterized by varying degrees of congestion, haemorrhages, degeneration, necrosis and deposition of urate crystals in visceral organs of group III and group IV chicks. The intensity and distribution of pathological lesions were more severe in chicks of group IV, followed by chicks of group III. The overall lesions gave an impression that flunixin meglumine was nephrotoxic in nature.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Male Fertility-Enhancing Activities of Water Seed Extract of Hunteria umbellata in Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Adejuwon Adewale Adeneye ◽  
Joseph Abayomi Olagunju ◽  
Babatunde Adekunle Murtala
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Hormonal Profile ◽  
Group I ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background. In this study, the male fertility-enhancing activity of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day of Hunteria umbellata water seed extract (HU) in Wistar rats was studied for 60 days. In doing this, effect of repeated doses of HU was studied on the weight gain pattern, gonadosomatic index (GSI), serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (TS), prolactin (PRL), and estradiol (ES)} as well as testicular antioxidant status of the treated rats as a way of elucidating the mechanism(s) of action of HU. Method. Thirty-six (36) male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (I-VI) of six rats per group. Group I rats were gavaged with 10 ml/kg/day of distilled water and served as an untreated control; Group II rats were gavaged with 0.3 mg/kg/day of clomiphene in distilled water; Groups III-V rats received 100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day, and 400 mg/kg/day of HU, respectively, and Group VI rats received 20 mg/kg/day of Vitamin C all in distilled water. All treatments were for 60 days after which the treated rats were humanely sacrificed. Sera of blood samples were processed for the above stated hormonal profile. Similarly, testicular tissues obtained were processed for semen analysis and complete antioxidant profile of the HU-treated testicles by assaying for superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and Thiobarbituric Reactive Species (TBARS). Results. Prolonged treatments with 100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day, and 400 mg/kg/day of HU for 60 days induced dose dependent reductions in weight gain pattern with the most significant (p<0.001) effect recorded with the highest dose of HU. Conversely, significant (p<0.001) increase was recorded for GSI at the same HU dose. Clomiphene and HU also induced significant (p<0.01, p<0.001) dose dependent increases in the total sperm count, %live sperm, but reverse effects on %dead sperm and %abnormal sperm. On the hormonal profile, oral treatment with 100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day, and 400 mg/kg/day of the extract induced profound (p<0.05, p<0.01, and p<0.001) dose related increases in the sera TS, LH, and FSH while it caused reverse effect on serum PRL but caused no significant alterations in the serum ES levels. Similarly, oral treatment with vitamin C and 100-400 mg/kg/day of HU induced profound (p<0.05, p<0.01, and p<0.001) increases in the antioxidant enzyme activities. Conclusion. Overall, prolonged oral treatment with 100-400 mg/kg body weight of HU for 60 days significantly improved sperm function which was mediated via enhanced spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis, and antioxidant mechanisms.

scholarly journals Differential Expression of CD3, TNF-α, and VEGF Induced by Olanzapine on the Spleen of Adult Male Albino Rats and the Possible Protective Role of Vitamin C

Biomedicines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Sahar Youssef ◽  
Marwa Salah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Group Ii

Olanzapine is an antipsychotic drug effective in the treatment of stress-associated psychiatric illnesses, but its effect on the spleen remains unclear. Vitamin C is essential for the optimum function of the immune system. We aim to investigate the effect of Olanzapine on spleen structures and to assess the protective effect of vitamin C. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into four groups: group (I), a control; group (II), rats were given vitamin C at 40 mg/kg body weight; group (III), rats were given Olanzapine at 2 mg/kg body weight; and group (IV), rats were given vitamin C and Olanzapine at the same dose of group (II) and group (III) for one month. The hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) of the olanzapine treated group showed focal areas of cellular depletion and a decrease in the size of the white pulp. The red pulp was expanded and showed marked congestion and dilatation of blood sinusoids. Cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3) was significantly reduced, however both tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were significantly higher. The administration of vitamin C repaired structural and immunohistochemical changes via increased CD3 and decreased TNF-α and VEGF. Therefore, the oxidative and the inflammatory pathways may be the possible mechanisms underlying olanzapine immunotoxicity. Vitamin C exerted immune modulator and antioxidant effects against olanzapine.

scholarly journals Effect of Phyllanthus amarus on Some Reproductive Indices of Male Albino Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
P. B. Ekpo ◽  
N. E. Edu ◽  
A. J. Umoyen ◽  
T. L. Thomas ◽  
S. O. Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phyllanthus Amarus ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Group B

Background: Medicinal plants have been a good source of drugs for humans, but chronic and prolong use of medicinal plants like Phyllanthus amarus for the treatment of malaria and other disorders are issues of concerns. This study evaluated the effect of Phyllanthus amarus on reproductive organs and sperm parameters in albino rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four healthy male albino rats of 12 weeks old were assigned into four groups with six rats in each group using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The experimental animals were orally treated with Phyllanthus amarus. Group A served as the control and was given only water and feed; Group B, C and D  received 100 mg/kgBW, 200 mg/kgBW and 300 mg/kgBW of Phyllanthus amarus respectively. Data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The treatments lasted for a period of 65 days after two weeks of acclimatization. Results: The results showed statistically significant (p<0.05) reduction in weight of testes and epididymes, sperm motility, sperm viability, sperm count and sperm head abnormalities in male  rats treated with Phyllanthus amarus when compared to the control. The sperm pH was not significantly (p>0.05) affected by Phyllanthus amarus among the different treatment groups in the experimental animals. Conclusion: Findings from the present study indicate that Phyllanthus amarus possesses a dose-dependent anti-fertility activity in amale albino rats under a sub-chronic course of administration.

scholarly journals Evaluation of reproductive profile in male albino rats following varied duration of administration with Revive capsule

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2981
Author(s):  
Onengiyeofori Ibama ◽  
Kinikanwo I. Green ◽  
Edna O. Nwachuku ◽  
Adline Erinma Ben-Chioma
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Human Dose ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Varied Duration

Background: Revive capsule is a polyherbal formulation commonly used to treat erectile dysfunction or enhance libido in men. Some of the individual herbs used in the formulation of this drug have been known scientifically to affect various biochemical components of the human body; hence this study was aimed at evaluating the reproductive profile in male albino rats following varied duration of administration with Revive capsule.  Methods: A total of 42 male albino rats were used for the study, and were divided into six (6) groups of seven (7) rats each. They were allowed to acclimatize for two (2) weeks by maintaining 12-hour light and dark cycles daily, with access to standard feed and water ad libitum. Group A (negative control) rats were administered with distilled water once daily, while groups B, C, D, E and F were administered once daily with 72 mg/kg of Revive capsule for 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks respectively. The rat dose administered was extrapolated from the human dose using the formula by Paget and Barnes. At the end of each treatment week, the rats were allowed to fast overnight, followed by their anaesthetization using chloroform, and blood sample collection via jugular vein puncture. Also, the testes were excised; the epididymis were also excised from the testes and used immediately for semen analysis, while the epididymis-free testes were examined histologically. Rat-specific test kits with ELISA method were used to analyze serum LH, FSH and testosterone.Results: The results showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in serum LH, FSH and testosterone levels, and a significant increase in sperm count and sperm quality parameters in the treatment groups compared to the negative control, with the maximum levels attained after 6 weeks of treatment (group F). Also, photomicrographs of histologically examined testes of the treatment groups appeared indifferent from those of the negative control.Conclusions: These findings may suggest that in using a rat model, treatment with Revive capsule at the appropriate dosage for 6 weeks is safe, and that, besides its acclaimed use in enhancing libido or treating erectile dysfunction, it may also be effective in promoting male fertility. 

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Ipomoea biloba on Myocardial Antioxidant Status in Isoproterenol Induced Myocardial Infarction Male Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
R. Vallipriya ◽  
M. Shabana Begum
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Heart Homogenate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Myocardial Infraction ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

The protective effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Ipomoea biloba in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiotoxicity and the antioxidant activity involved in this protection were investigated in rats. Myocardial infraction was produced in rats with 20 mg/kg b.wt of ISO administered subcutaneously twice at an interval of 24 h. Effect of EEIB oral treatment for 28 days at two doses (100 mg and 200 mg/kg body weight) was evaluated against ISO – induced cardiac necrosis. Level of enzymatic (SOD, CAT, GPx and GST), non-enzymatic (GSH, Vitamin C and E) and of membrane bound ATPases (Na+K+ATPase, Mg2+ATPase and Ca2+ATPase) were assayed in heart homogenate. Significant myocardial infarction, depletion of endogenous antioxidants enzymatic and non-enzymatic were observed in ISO-treated animals when compared with the normal animals. Rats induced with ISO, showed a significant (P<0.05), decrease in the activities of GSH, Vitamin C and Eon comparison with normal rats.   EEIB elicited a significant cardioprotective activity by elevated the levels of GSH, SOD, CAT, GPx and GR. A significant decrease in the activity of Na+/K+ ATPase and a corresponding increase in the activities of Ca2+ ATPase and Mg2+ ATPase were observed in isoproterenol induced rats when compared to normal control rats. Pretreatment with EEIB was able to efficiently prevent the increase in activity of Mg2+ ATPase and maintain the activities of Na+ /K+ ATPase and Ca2+ ATPase at near normality. There is no significant difference between the control and plant alone treated rats. The aim of this investigation is to evaluate the antioxidant effects on the main cardioprotective activity of ethanolic leaf extract Ipomoea biloba.

scholarly journals Effect of Ingested Foods Preheated (With Microwave) in Plastic Containers on the Reproductive Profile of Male Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Onengiyeofori Ibama ◽  
Ugochukwu Chioma ◽  
Joshua Lelesi Konne ◽  
Felix Konne
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Count ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Microwave Energy ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Plastic Containers

Recently, there has been a notably increased use of microwave energy for heating and processing foods particularly in catering services and in our homes owing to its speed, convenience and efficiency compared to the traditional heating method. Due to the availability and affordability of plastic containers, they are mostly used to contain foods for preheating in a microwave. However, these plastics pose great risk on humans’ health if they get scratched or heated, and leach out chemicals into the contained foods. Also, the microwave energy has been speculated to have posed risks to the health of humans considering the electromagnetic radiations it emits. This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of ingested foods preheated (with microwave) in plastic containers on the reproductive profile of male albino rats. A total of twenty-four (24) male albino rats weighing between 120 to 200 g were used for this study. The rats were divided into three (3) groups (group I, II and III) of eight (8) rats per group. The rats were fed ad libitum with porridge beans and jellof rice with meat and fish daily for 40 days. The foods ingested by group I rats were not preheated in a microwave; the foods ingested by group II rats were put in ceramics and preheated in a microwave for 2 minutes daily; while the foods ingested by group III rats were put in plastic containers (not labeled as ‘‘microwave safe’’) and preheated in a microwave daily for 2 minutes. After an overnight fast, the rats were anaesthetized using chloroform, and blood samples obtained (via cardiac puncture) were used to analyze serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone using the ELISA method. The epididymis was also excised and immediately macerated to obtain semen, which was used for semen analysis. The results obtained showed a significantly decreased (p<0.05) mean LH, FSH, testosterone and sperm count in group III (plastic-microwaved) compared to group I and II. Also noted, was a significantly decreased (p<0.05) sperm count in group II compared to group I. However, there was no significant difference in LH, FSH and testosterone between groups I and II. Conclusively, it was evident from this study that, ingestion of foods preheated (with microwave) in plastic containers overtime, may predispose male rats and thus male individuals to dysfunction in their reproductive system which may eventually lead to male infertility. It is therefore, highly recommended that preheating of foods (with microwave) in plastic containers should be highly prohibited, but should rather be done using ceramics.

scholarly journals PROTECTIVE ROLE OF VITAMIN E AND VITAMIN C ON MORPHOLOGY OF GASTRIC MUCOSAL INJURY INDUCED BY ASPIRIN IN ALBINO RATS

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (01) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Iram Atta ◽  
Shazia Tufail ◽  
Raaffa Tafweez
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Mucosal Injury ◽  
Normal Mucosa ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Gastric Mucosal Injury ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group I ◽  
Aspirin Group

Background: Peptic ulcer has become an immense problem in our health care system. One of the major cause being the overuse of NSAIDs in Pakistan. Objective: To evaluate gastro protection by Vitamin E, Vitamin C and combination of Vitamin E and Vitamin C on morphology of aspirin induced gastric mucosal injury in albino rats. Methodology: 45 adult albino rats were taken and organized into 5 groups. Control was formed by Group I. Group II was given aspirin. Group III was given Vitamin C and aspirin. Group IV was given Vitamin E and aspirin. Group V received Vitamin C, Vitamin E and aspirin. All the doses were given for 14 days. Rats were then sacrificed after 24 hours and their stomachs were examined to compare the gross and histological findings regarding the colour of the gastric mucosa, presence of gastric ulcer, site of the ulcer, epithelial integrity and extent of the ulcer. Results: Increased frequency of ulcers extending into the submucosa were found in group given aspirin as compared to the rest of the groups. The group that was given combination of Vitamin E and Vitamin C along with aspirin showed significantly better condition than all the groups by showing normal mucosa and intact epithelium in most of the animals. Conclusion: Combination of Vitamin E and Vitamin C has greater defensive effect on aspirin induced gastric mucosal insult than Vitamin C or Vitamin E alone by showing reduction in frequency and severity of gastric ulcer.

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