scholarly journals Aspects of the Long-Term Preservation of Digitized Catalogue Data: Analysis of the Databases of Integrated Collection Management Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
András Simon ◽  
Péter Kiszl
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Collection Management ◽  
Metadata Record ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Type Of Institution ◽  
Long Term Preservation

Abstract During this research, the catalogues of more than 200 libraries and museums of Hungary and its neighboring countries were examined. The authors calculated the amount and the size of the metadata and of the full content records in the databases of their collection management systems, as well as the size and the type of the full content data and the size of the databases. By analyzing the results, the goal was to answer the following three questions: (1) Can any significant difference be established between the results according to country, nationality, or type of institution?; (2) How large is a metadata record or a full content record?; (3) Is it possible to establish a methodology for selecting a representative sample of institutions to facilitate further research? For planning the costs of data management, the size of the databases, the number of metadata records, and the variability of metadata and media records shall all be considered. A distinction should be made between the indispensable “primary” data to be preserved for a long time, and the “secondary” data units which are derived from the primary data. It is investigated in this article how to establish the size of primary data in the databases of collection management systems.

scholarly journals Analysis of Bio-Risk Management System Implementation in Indonesian Higher Education Laboratory

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5076
Author(s):  
Anom Bowolaksono ◽  
Fatma Lestari ◽  
Saraswati Andani Satyawardhani ◽  
Abdul Kadir ◽  
Cynthia Febrina Maharani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Risk Management System ◽  
The Impact

Developing countries face various challenges in implementing bio-risk management systems in the laboratory. In addition, educational settings are considered as workplaces with biohazard risks. Every activity in a laboratory facility carries many potential hazards that can impact human health and the environment and may cause laboratory incidents, including Laboratory Acquired Infections (LAIs). In an effort to minimize the impact and occurrence of these incidents, it is necessary to evaluate the implementation of a bio-risk management system in every activity that involves handling biological agents. This study was conducted in an Indonesian higher-education institution, herein coded as University Y. This is a descriptive, semi-quantitative study aimed at analysing and evaluating the implementation of the bio-risk management systems used in laboratories by analysing the achievements obtained by each laboratory. The study used primary data that were collected using a checklist which referred to ISO 35001: 2019 on Laboratory Bio-risk Management. The checklist consisted of 202 items forming seven main elements. In addition, secondary data obtained from literature and document review were also used. The results show that out of 11 laboratories examined, only 2 laboratories met 50% of the requirements, which were Laboratory A and B, achieving good performance. Regarding the clauses of standards, a gap analysis identified leadership, performance evaluation, and support as elements with the lowest achievement. Therefore, corrective action should be developed by enhancing the commitment from management as well as improving documentation, policy, education and training.

scholarly journals Strategi Produk Rekayasa Umum untuk Meningkatkan Market Share Dalam Negeri dengan Metode Delphi

IQTISHODUNA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-100
Author(s):  
Olin Lintang Pribadi
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Delphi Method ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Machine Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Alternative Solutions

This study aims to determine the cause of the low market share of general engineering products at PT PAL Indonesia. Market share analysis is considered important in winning business competition. The study uses qualitative descriptive methods and subject data in the form of opinions, attitudes, experiences or characteristics of a person or group of people who are the research subjects or informants. Source of data used are primary data derived from informant interviews and secondary data derived from supporting documents relevant to the study. To find out the root of the problem using the technique of root causes analysis with the fishbone method and find alternative solutions to the problem with the Delphi method in the form of a questionnaire to the experts. The results of the study explained that the low market share of general engineering products is found in every indicator of fishbone, namely: machine, method, material, manpower, measurement and mother nature. And in the opinion of the experts there is no significant difference of opinion in providing alternative solutions to every problem on the fishbone indicator. So the company can be used in making policies.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penggunaan Proton Pump Inhibitor Jangka Panjang terhadap Sindrom Frailty pada Pasien Usia Lanjut

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Stephanie Dewi ◽  
Purwita W Laksmi ◽  
Ari Fahrial Syam ◽  
Esthika Dewiasty ◽  
Euphemia Seto
Keyword(s):  
Proton Pump Inhibitor ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Frailty Syndrome ◽  
Frailty Status ◽  
History Of

Pendahuluan. Sindrom frailty berkaitan dengan angka morbiditas dan kematian yang lebih tinggi, sehingga dipakai sebagai prediktor kesehatan pada orang usia lanjut (usila). Polifarmasi sebagai salah satu faktor risiko sindrom frailty dapat berkaitan dengan obat Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) yang sering diberikan pada usila atas indikasi adanya keluhan gangguan saluran cerna bagian atas. Sampai saat ini belum ada penelitian yang mempelajari hubungan PPI jangka panjang dan sindrom frailty pada usila.Metode. Studi kasus kontrol pada pasien usila di Rumah Sakit dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM), Jakarta. Kelompok kasus adalah usila terdiagnosis Frailty menurut FI-40 item dan kontrol adalah usila yang tidak frail berdasarkan instrumen yang sama. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berasal dari data sekunder status frailty berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya dan data rekam medis poliklinik Geriatri dan poliklinik diabetes RSCM.Hasil. Didapatkan 225 subjek (75 kasus: 150 kontrol), 59,6% berjenis kelamin perempuan (rerata usia 72,14 tahun; simpang baku ± 6,4 tathun) dan 47,1% berpendidikan tinggi. Subjek yang berpendidikan rendah, berstatus cerai mati, berstatus nutrisi lebih buruk, tidak mandiri, memerlukan caregiver, hidup tidak berkecukupan dan kondisi kesehatan yang lebih buruk lebih banyak didapatkan pada kelompok frail dibandingkan kelompok yang tidak frail. Proporsi pengguna PPI Jangka Panjang sebesar 40,9%. Penggunaan PPI jangka panjang meningkatkan risiko sindrom frailty (Crude OR 2,15; IK 95% 1,22- 3,78; p<0,007) dengan adjusted OR 1,83 (IK 1,0-3,36) terhadap variabel nutrisi dan merokok.Simpulan. Penggunaan PPI jangka panjang (≥ 6 bulan) secara independen meningkatkan salah satu risiko sindrom frailty pada usila.Kata Kunci: frailty, geriatri, proton pump inhibitor jangka panjang, usia lanjutThe Effect of Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use on Frailty Syndrome in Elderly PatientsIntroduction. Frailty syndrome, the newest elderly health predictor, associated with higher morbidity and mortality. PPI are often used in elderly due to presence of upper gastrointestinal complaints, and relates with polypharmacy as one of the risk factor for frailty syndrome. There is no study of the relationship between long term PPI use and frailty syndrome in elderly.Methods. A case control study included subjects 60 years and above with good cognitive status. All subjects with history of hypersensitivity of PPI were excluded. Elderly who were frail based on FI-40 item were defined as cases, while individuals that were not frail were classified as control. Primary data (included frailty status) was collected on March-June 2013 by Seto E and Sumantri S, et al. Secondary data used in this current study were gathered from the primary data of previous research and from the medical record taken from geriatric and diabetic outpatient clinics Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.Results. There were 225 subjects collected (75 cases: 150 controls), 59,6% were female (mean age 72,14 years old, SD ± 6,4 years) and 47,1% with higher education. Lower education, divorced, poor nutrition, dependent, needed caregiver, economically insufficient, more comorbidity and poor health condition were seen in frail group. The proportion of long term PPI use were 40,9%. Long term PPI medication increased the risk of frailty syndrome (Crude OR 2,154; CI 95% 1,225-3,778; p<0,007) with adjusted OR 1,83 (CI 95% 1,02-3,37) after adjusting with nutrition and smoking variables.Conclusions. Long term use of PPI significantly increase the risk of frailty syndrome compared to the non-users.

scholarly journals UPACARA NGABEN NINGKEB DI BANJAR KEBON DESA PAKRAMAN BLAHBATUH KECAMATAN BLAHBATUH KABUPATEN GIANYAR (Kajian Filosofis)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 472
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Putu Yulia Sukma Yanti
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Return Function ◽  
Primary Data Source ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Structural Functionalism ◽  
Religious Theory ◽  
Structural Functionalism Theory

<p><em>Ngaben Ningkeb interpreted Ngaben ceremony that ended in a reversed way or called Ningkeb.Fenomena background researcher to examine the problems about the implementation of Ngaben Ningkeb Ceremony with the formulation of the problem include: 1). How is the Ngompen Ningkeb Ceremony Procession in Banjar Kebon, Pakraman Blahbatuh Village, Blahbatuh District, Gianyar Regency? 2). What is the function of Ngaben Ningkeb Ceremony in Banjar Kebon, Pakraman Blahbatuh Village, Blahbatuh District, Gianyar Regency? 3). What is the philosophical meaning contained in Ngompen Ningkeb Ceremony at Banjar Kebon, Pakraman Blahbatuh Village, Blahbatuh District, Gianyar Regency? With the aim of research can implement the science of religion obtained in the life of the community and know in general about the Procession, Functions and Meaning philosophical related Ngaben Ningkeb Ceremony.</em></p><p><em>This research is discussed using several theories, among others, Religious Theory, is used because this research includes the research of Religion, Structural Functionalism Theory, used to dissect the problems related to Ngaben Ningkeb Ceremony, and Symbol Theory, is used to study the meaning of Philosophy. This type of research is qualitative research with primary data source from the field that is by observation and interview while secondary data obtained through documentation technique.</em></p><p><em>The results of the study as follows: 1). A. The initial procession Ngaben ningkeb ceremony, among others: Nyamuh, Matur Piuning, Mapajati, Ngulapin and Nyiramin. B. Ningkeb peak procession among others: Nedunin Sawa, Towards Setra, Sprinkle various types Tirta, Ngeseng Sawa, and last Ningkeb. C. The process after the implementation of Ngaben Ningkeb, among others: Mapegat and Mecaru. 2). Function Ceremony Ngaben Ningkeb include: A. Sustainability Function, where Ngingken ningkeb ceremony can be practically can be a ceremony that deserves to be preserved because in every process is something sacred and different with Ngaben in general. B. The return function of Sanghyang Panca Mahabhuta, which outlines the elements of Panca Mahabhuta in this great realm and usher Atma (Spirit) into Pitra nature by deciding Atma's love with his world. C. Purgatory function, in this case, purification is intended as a main foundation that should be put forward in the process Ngaben ningkeb ceremony. 3). And the meaning contained in Ngingken ningkeb ceremony is a philosophical meaning, where the conception of sarira is used as the meaning of philosophy Ngaben ningkeb is the conception of Sarira according to Wrhaspati Tattwa. And the meaning of Return Panca Mahabhuta, where basically all will return by itself although not done ceremony Ngaben, but it takes a very long time, hence from cultivated to return by cremation (Ngaben).</em></p>

Competitive advantage through innovation: the case of Nespresso

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Brem ◽  
Maximilian Maier ◽  
Christine Wimschneider
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Linear Process ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
Long Time ◽  
A Company

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe how Nespresso achieved competitive advantage through innovation by changing the rules of the game in its industry. Design/methodology/approach – Nespresso was analyzed based on public available secondary data, in combination with related academic concepts on innovation and competitive advantage. Findings – The company succeeded by the thorough application of a strategy that, through perfect alignment, allowed the company to reach a unique market position. However, as described in the case, it took a relatively long time and the company came close to failure several times. Before the current situation of the company, it remains challenging in the future as well. Hence, the Nespresso story provides interesting space for discussion and learning about what innovation is, how innovation emerges, and under which circumstances innovation can serve as a source for competitive advantage. Research limitations/implications – Especially given the current market situation, the case offers different starting points for discussion about innovation and long-term company success. Practical implications – Especially before the current market situation, the case offers different starting points for discussion about innovation and the success of a company on the long term. The case is designed to give practitioners a better understanding on what an innovation as, and how competitive advantages can be linked to innovation. Originality/value – This case of Nespresso is a unique combination of the concepts of innovation and competitive advantage. It serves as an example of an innovation, which was not successful from the scratch, but evolved over time and is still developing. As many innovations went through such a non-linear process, this case offers interesting lessons learned for academics as well as for practitioners.

scholarly journals MEDIASI SEBAGAI UPAYA PENYELESAIAN PERKARA YANG BERSIFAT KOOPERATIF

GANEC SWARA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 897
Author(s):  
I WAYAN SUWANDA
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Complex Needs ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Long Time

      It is estimated that the judicial system will not be able to meet the increasingly complex needs of society. This estimate is based on facts in the field. Dispute resolution through courts is considered too convoluted, takes a long time, and is inefficient for businesses that emphasize efficiency and effectiveness. Besides, the court's decision does not satisfy the parties. The principle of simple, fast, low-cost justice is still only a slogan.      Answering this problem, a study is conducted using the empirical normative legal research method with a study approach based on statutory regulations, conceptual approaches, and case approaches. Types and sources of data used in this study are primary data and secondary data with data collection techniques through document study and interviews, where the data obtained will be analyzed qualitatively deductively. Based on the results of research and discussion, it was found that mediation as a solution to the settlement of cases, both in court and outside the court, is cooperative

scholarly journals MOTIVASI PASANGAN USIA SUBUR (PUS) MENGGUNAKAN METODE KONTRASEPSI JANGKA PANJANG (MKJP) DI KECAMATAN MARTAPURA KABUPATEN BANJAR PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Zakaria Lestari ◽  
Deasy Arisanty ◽  
Ellyn Normelani
Keyword(s):  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

This research entitled, “entitled Motivation spouses of fertile age ( PUS ) Using Long Term Contraception Method ( LTCM ) in the district of South Kalimantan MartapuraBanjar district” . This study aimed to use the EFA motivation Long -term contraception method ( LTM ) in District MartapuraBanjar district . The population in this study are spouses of fertile age ( PUS ) Participants KB active totaling 2,149 inhabitants in the district Martapura using the technique of taking random ie all spouses of fertile age ( PUS ) District of Martapura the planning participants active equal opportunities to be selected into the sample with a view on the tables Isaac and Michale obtained MartapuraSubdistrict samples totaling 327 respondents. The method used diskriftif with quantitative approach . Data collection techniques are primary data obtained from questionnaires , while secondary data obtained from the study of documents and studies pustak . Sampling was conducted using sampling techniques probality . Data analysis technique used is the percentage and scoring techniques . The description and analysis of the data described can be interpreted as motivational couples of childbearing age use a long-term contraceptive methods in District MartapuraBanjar district can be said to be high . The results showed motivation is an impulse that drives a person to behave , distribute and berintraksi to the situation. Motivation spouses of fertile age ( PUS ) MartapuraSubdistrict Using Long Term Contraception Method ( LTM ) . Intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation that affects spouses of fertile age ( PUS ) Using Long Term Contraception Method ( LTM ) m ie Age / age , level of knowledge , level of education . Extrinsic motivation that affects spouses of fertile age ( PUS ) Using Long Term Contraception Method ( LTM ) is the level of employment .

scholarly journals Designing Port Passenger Terminal in the Meat Village as Ecotourism Area with Neo Vernacular Architecture Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-209
Author(s):  
Fitri Rahmawati Nasution ◽  
Moehammed Nawawiy Loebis
Keyword(s):  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Air Transportation ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Marine Tourism ◽  
Water Transportation ◽  
Tourism Destinations ◽  
The Village ◽  
North Sumatra

This journal is essential for social, economic, and government in the Meat Village. It is about a potentially marine tourism destination, located in Meat Village, Tampahan District, Toba Samosir Regency, North Sumatra Province. As one of the tourism destinations, this village needs to be developed, especially water transportation, which is supported by Lake Toba's natural resources. But it has been replaced by land and air transportation. On the other hand, water transportation has its privilege, namely giving a sense of being united with nature and listening to the gentle sound of water, which cannot be felt if using land or air transportation. Therefore, it requires a passenger port to facilitate tourists in accessing this tourism village through water transportation. This port consists of a passenger terminal that accommodates passengers' departure and arrival. The method used in site selection is done through discussion of primary data, namely data sources that directly provide data to data collectors and secondary data, that is, data that does not directly provide data to researchers, through other people or analyzed documents and concluded. The result of the methodology used is, this passenger terminal needs the Neo Vernacular Architecture approach for the design. Because the village has aspects of the past, such as Batak Toba culture and mythology that need to be preserved and introduced to the present as long-term projections for the future. This is useful to make the building becomes part of the Meat Village community.

scholarly journals Studi Efisiensi Lebar Alas Dinding Penahan Tanah Tipe Kantilever pada Jalan Brigjend Abdul Manan Wijaya Kecamatan Pujon Kabupaten Malang

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Vendelinus Agar ◽  
Suhudi Suhudi ◽  
Andy Kristafi Arifianto
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Stability Factor ◽  
Rolling Shear ◽  
Preparation Stage ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Stability

Soil is an important aspect in construction planning. Where on the land is the establishment of a building. Therefore, it is very important to pay attention to the stability factor of the land. One method used to control the stability of the soil so that it does not experience landslides is by building a retaining wall. The construction of a retaining wall aims to maintain infrastructure and infrastructure plans to remain safe against rolling, shearing and carrying capacity of the land along the wall lines of the land for a long time (structurally strong) is a demand that must be carried out to protect the infrastructure from its failure. This research was carried out in several stages, starting from the preparation stage, collecting primary data, namely survey methods, measurements, documentation, laboratory experiments (soil types) and secondary data namely work drawings, location maps, list of unit prices needed in the analysis. Data analysis and steps in this study are: determining location, collecting data, through primary data and secondary data in supporting literature such as collecting and processing data, determining the type of soil, determining the type of retaining wall, determining the dimensions of the retaining wall, calculate the stability of rolling, shear and bearing capacity of the soil, calculate the budget plan against the dimensions of a stable retaining wall, draw details of the planned retaining wall planned. From the results of analysis of calculations and discussion of the Width of the Cantilever Type Ground Retaining Wall on street Brigjend Abdul Manan Wijaya, Pujon Subdistrict, Malang Regency can be concluded as follows: height (h) = 7.00 m, width of width (b) = 2 , 5 m, the width of the retaining wall = 0.4 m, foundation depth = 1 m, total height = 8.00 m and the total cost design for the construction of cantilever type retaining wall = Rp. 226,000,000.00.  ABSTRAKTanah merupakan aspek yang sangat penting dalam perencanaan konstruksi, dimana pada tanah tersebut berdirinya suatu bangunan. Oleh sebab itu, harus diperhatikan faktor daya dukung tanah tersebut. Salah satu metode yang digunakan agar stabilitas tanah tidak terganggu adalah dengan membangun perkuatan dinding penahan tanah. Perencanaan  dinding penahan tanah, mempunyai tujuan guna menjaga bangunan tersebut aman terhadap guling, geser dan daya dukung tanah sepanjang garis dinding penahahan tanah tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam beberapa tahapan, mulai dari tahap persiapan, pengumpulan data primer (survei, pengukuran, dokumentasi, analisis tanah di laboratorium) dan data sekunder (gambar kerja, peta lokasi, daftar harga satuan) yang di perlukan dalam analisis. Analisa data serta langkah – langkah dalam penelitian ini adalah : menentukan lokasi, pengumpulan data. Data primer dan data sekunder diperlukan guna mendukung penelitian ini seperti mengumpulkan dan mengolah data, menentukan jenis tanah, menentukan jenis dinding penahan tanah, menentukan dimensi dinding penahan tanah, menghitung stabilitas tanah, menghitung rencana anggaran biaya terhadap dimensi dinding penahan tanah yang stabil, gambar detail dinding penahan tanah yang direncanakan. Dari hasil analisa dan pembahasan mengenai lebar alas dinding penahan tanah tipe kantilever di Jalan Brigjend Abdul Manan Wijaya, Kecamatan Pujon, Kabupaten Malang dapat disimpulkan bahwa: tinggi (h) = 7,00 m, lebar pandasi (b) = 2,5 m, lebar atas dinding penahan = 0,4 m, kedalaman pondasi = 1 m, tinggi total = 8,00 m dan total dana yang dibutuhkan untuk perencanaan dinding penahan tanah tipe kantilever = Rp. 226.000.000,00. Kata Kunci : studi efisiensi; dinding penahan; tipe kantilever

scholarly journals Service Quality of Traditional and Islamic Commercial Banks in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Shohel Rana ◽  
Imran Ahmed Shakeer
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose: This study aims to know the service quality of the different private commercial banks operating in Bangladesh with the rapid advancement in information technology and provide some guidelines to improve their service qualities. Methodology: The study used both primary and secondary data to support the objective. Primary data were collected from 240 customers, of whom 120 customers are from traditional private commercial banks and the rest from private Islamic commercial banks operating in Bangladesh using a structured interview schedule, naming SERVQUAL. The study used a convenience sampling method to select respondents. Secondary data were collected from different journals, newspaper articles, books, and various published sources. An independent samples t-test was conducted in the test of the hypothesis. Findings: This study found a significant difference between the traditional and Islamic commercial banks’ service quality and added that the study area’s customers/clients are not fully satisfied with either traditional private commercial banks or Islamic banks. However, Islamic commercial banks are showing a relatively better picture. Research Limitations: The Study is limited to Bangladesh’s small marginal market and a small sample size of only 240 respondents, which cannot sufficiently reflect the large population’s actual scenario. Practical Implications: The Study will help manage the traditional and Islamic commercial banks and policymakers to improve their service quality and improve monitoring efficiency. Originality/value: The Study extensively identified some factors to improve the traditional and Islamic commercial banks’ service quality for both the banks’ and policymakers’ management. In this regard, the critical factors can be the number of employees and the number of counters, increasing ATM services, ensuring faster services, flexible loan disbursement policy, sufficient floor space, suitable sitting arrangements, and improved online services.

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