A grammatical construction in the service of interpersonal distance regulation. The case of the Polish directive infinitive construction

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Agata Kochańska
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Cognitive Grammar ◽  
Interpersonal Distance ◽  
Specific Research ◽  
Grammatical Construction ◽  
Distance Regulation ◽  
Made In ◽  
National Corpus

Abstract The aim of the paper is to consider the pragmatic effects of the Polish (Proszę) ‘request1 SG. NON-PAST.’ + VINF construction in different contexts. The specific research problem is how these effects are related to the conceptual make-up of the construction. The framework for the analysis is the theory of cognitive grammar (cf. e. g. Langacker 1987, 1991, 2008, 2009). The analysis starts with an account of the conceptual make-up of the construction. Then, its selected uses are considered, with emphasis on the pragmatic effects in the relevant contexts. The study offers a qualitative analysis of two kinds of data: a sample of hand-picked utterances and a corpus of utterances extracted from the National Corpus of Polish (NCP). The claim made in the study is that the construction profiles a process figuring in a directive scenario in the role of the process the speaker wishes the hearer to engage in. At the same time, it involves defocusing of the trajector of the profiled process, identified with the hearer. The construction’s pragmatic effects in specific contexts are claimed to follow from how this trajector defocusing is put in correspondence with specific aspects of the actual ground.

scholarly journals Obraz roli babci i dziadka we współczesnej literaturze dziecięcej

2019 ◽  
pp. 161-179
Author(s):  
Alicja Zbierzchowska
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Old People ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Family ◽  
Modern Family

This article presents the results of a study on the image of seniors as grandparents in children`s books. The research was conducted using a method of searching for secondary sources. The main research problem was how grandparents are presented in a contemporary literature for children? Popular children`s books (including picture books) showing seniors in the role of grandparents were published in Poland in the 21th century. These books also created an purposive research sample as vell. In the introduction the author describes the changes in the realization of the roles of grandparents in a modern family. Next, she presentes the importance of books for children in creating the image of the family as well as the women and men’s role. The main part of the article is to present results of qualitative analysis – 5 models of the image of grandparents which includes: situations which show grandparents, activities performed by them and their relationship with the child. This research shows that the selected children`s books present only a positive image of women and men in the role of grandparents. A common topic is the problem of old people dying. The role of both grandmothers and grandfathers have been show as stereotypical as well as modern, too. The adopted grandmother/grandfather model proved to be particularly popular.

scholarly journals The forms of intermediation in the space of Brazilian micro and small-sized enterprises: SEBRAE, from foundation to performance in the 21st century

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanise Rafaela Zivieri Ralio ◽  
Julio Cesar Donadone
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Organizational Environment ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Micro And Small Enterprises ◽  
Made In

Abstract This paper examines the role of the Brazilian service of Support for Micro and Small Enterprises – SEBRAE in Brazil in recent decades organizational environment and aims to contribute to the identification and description of your activity, as a way to understand the organizational transformations of the micro and small companies. Achieving this goal, a field survey was carried out in which were raised institutional documents, records and interviews with professionals connected to the institution. Qualitative analysis were made in the material through five sections: products, agents, customers, structure/strategy and scenario. From the chronological analysis of the data, they were organized in three distinct periods. Each of these temporal spaces significant for the institution’s understanding. In this way, it seeks to portray the processes of transformation and redirection through which SEBRAE has passed in each period, from the foundation to the 21st century, and its forms of intermediation of micro and small Brazilian companies.

THE ROLE OF POPULARISATION OF DOCUMENTARY HERITAGE OF THE GABROVO STATE ARCHIVE IN BUILDING THE PUBLIC IMAGE OF THE INSTITUTION

2018 ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Rita Burceva ◽  
Stefka Vasileva
Keyword(s):  
Research Problem ◽  
Public Image ◽  
State Archive ◽  
The Public ◽  
Visitor Satisfaction ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Good Word ◽  
Explanatory Information ◽  
Made In

Archives and the documents collected in them are popularised by organising informative events and communication activities, and their target audience is individuals, public, state and municipal institutions. The research problem defines the need for more active examination of the diverse experience of foreign archives for the purpose of adopting the most efficient forms of work, introducing new initiatives, arousing public interest in the national documentary heritage, which is preserved and available in these institutions. The attempt to describe and analyse the peculiarities of activity of the Bulgarian State Archives, using a particular structural unit (the Gabrovo State Archive), whose experience can be generalised, considering the specifics of the existent legislation, determines the novelty of the research. The objective of the research is to describe the best practices of popularising the national documentary heritage at the Gabrovo State Archive, emphasizing the interdisciplinary aspects of building the public image and educating the public. The research methods: the theoretical and methodological literature review, a situative research method.The public image of an archive should always be viewed as a complex system, with one of its component parts, along with the indicators of recognisability, being its reputation. If it is possible to facilitate to its recognisability, using some publicity tools, the reputation usually develops over the course of time and it requires targeted, thought–out and systemic action. Visitor satisfaction about the received service, repeated interest, good word of mouth and written reviews, the responsiveness and activity of other institutions and persons cooperating in concrete projects, the desire to use the archive resources to fulfil their personal and public objectives, etc. can serve as the proof of a positive public image. There are various techniques how an archive can position its identity (deliberately developed external communication through the use of particular symbols) in communication: their own logotype, press releases, document forms, posters made in the particular style, representation items, publications and the homepage design, etc. A resultative form of work for popularisation of documents is personal contacts, which are maintained by the members of staff of the archive visiting particular events, providing explanatory information to journalists during press conferences, to a circle of particular specialists in discussions and reports, opening documentary exhibitions, conducting classes and interest education circles in archives, organising excursions, questionnaires, thematic evenings, etc. So we can conclude that the popularisation of archive materials or documentary heritage is one of the main forms of activity of archives. The access to documents (both direct and remote) and its diverse use provide a link between an archive and the public, broadening their views on the collected documentary heritage and the importance of the archive activity, and strengthening the reputation of archives to the public.

Working toward a synthesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald W. Langacker
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Cognitive Grammar ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Processing Activity ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Made In

AbstractAlthough Cognitive Linguistics represents a recontextualization with respect to prior tradition, internally it has been diverse and grounded from the outset. In design and principle, this holds for Cognitive Grammar, which seeks a comprehensive yet unified account of structure and use. It foreshadowed the “social turn” by claiming that the speaker-hearer interaction is inherent in linguistic units, which are abstracted from usage events; and also the “quantitative turn”, by its usage-based nature and the view that structure resides in processing activity. There is no single way of describing a language, just as there is no single way of describing a biological organism. Linguistics is thus a vast, multifaceted enterprise embracing a wide range of objectives, methods, and expertise. A number of points are made in this regard. (i) While corpus analysis is essential for many purposes, elicited and introspective data also have their place. (ii) With no inconsistency, language is validly characterized as both a cognitive/mental phenomenon and a social/interactive one. (iii) The fact that language resides in processing activity does not entail the absence of discreteness or the non-existence of complex structures. (iv) The importance of quantitative methods does not obviate the central role of structural analysis and description, which have equal claim to being empirical.

An Exploration of the Involuntary Celibate (Incel) Subculture Online

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052095962
Author(s):  
Roberta Liggett O’Malley ◽  
Karen Holt ◽  
Thomas J. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Online Communities ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Market Women ◽  
Extremist Groups ◽  
Made In

Incels, a portmanteau of the term involuntary celibates, operate in online communities to discuss difficulties in attaining sexual relationships. Past reports have found that multiple elements of the incel culture are misogynistic and favorable towards violence. Further, several violent incidents have been linked to this community, which suggests that incel communities may resemble other ideologically motivated extremist groups. The current study employed an inductive qualitative analysis of over 8,000 posts made in two online incel communities to identify the norms, values, and beliefs of these groups from a subcultural perspective. Analyses found that the incel community was structured around five interrelated normative orders: the sexual market, women as naturally evil, legitimizing masculinity, male oppression, and violence. The implications of this analysis for our understanding of extremism and the role of the internet in radicalization to violence are considered in depth.

ASPECTS IN BUILDING A COMPANY WEB-SITE AND ITS ROLE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESS

2018 ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Petar Halachev ◽  
Victoria Radeva ◽  
Albena Nikiforova ◽  
Miglena Veneva
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Web Site ◽  
The Internet ◽  
A Company ◽  
The Web ◽  
Design Construction ◽  
Made In ◽  
Site Types

This report is dedicated to the role of the web site as an important tool for presenting business on the Internet. Classification of site types has been made in terms of their application in the business and the types of structures in their construction. The Models of the Life Cycle for designing business websites are analyzed and are outlined their strengths and weaknesses. The stages in the design, construction, commissioning, and maintenance of a business website are distinguished and the activities and requirements of each stage are specified.

Aboutness

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Yablo
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Philosophical Methodology ◽  
Major Advance ◽  
Truth Conditions ◽  
Ways Of Being ◽  
Made In

Aboutness has been studied from any number of angles. Brentano made it the defining feature of the mental. Phenomenologists try to pin down the aboutness features of particular mental states. Materialists sometimes claim to have grounded aboutness in natural regularities. Attempts have even been made, in library science and information theory, to operationalize the notion. However, it has played no real role in philosophical semantics, which is surprising. This is the first book to examine through a philosophical lens the role of subject matter in meaning. A long-standing tradition sees meaning as truth conditions, to be specified by listing the scenarios in which a sentence is true. Nothing is said about the principle of selection—about what in a scenario gets it onto the list. Subject matter is the missing link here. A sentence is true because of how matters stand where its subject matter is concerned. This book maintains that this is not just a feature of subject matter, but its essence. One indicates what a sentence is about by mapping out logical space according to its changing ways of being true or false. The notion of content that results—directed content—is brought to bear on a range of philosophical topics, including ontology, verisimilitude, knowledge, loose talk, assertive content, and philosophical methodology. The book represents a major advance in semantics and the philosophy of language.

The Effect of Information Technology on Fluidity of Contemporary Architectural Space

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
Shatha Abbas Hassan ◽  
Noor Ali Aljorani
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Architectural Space ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Ease Of Access ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Role Of Information

The increasing importance of the information revolution and terms such as ‘speed’, ‘disorientation’, and ‘changing the concept of distance’, has provided us with tools that had not been previously available. Technological developments are moving toward Fluidity, which was previously unknown and cannot be understood through modern tools. With acceleration of the rhythm in the age we live in and the clarity of the role of information technology in our lives, as also the ease of access to information, has helped us to overcome many difficulties. Technology in all its forms has had a clear impact on all areas of daily life, and it has a clear impact on human thought in general, and the architectural space in particular, where the architecture moves from narrow spaces and is limited to new spaces known as the ‘breadth’, and forms of unlimited and stability to spaces characterized with fluidity. The research problem (the lack of clarity of knowledge about the impact of vast information flow associated with the technology of the age in the occurrence of liquidity in contemporary architectural space) is presented here. The research aims at defining fluidity and clarifying the effect of information technology on the changing characteristics of architectural space from solidity to fluidity. The research follows the analytical approach in tracking the concept of fluidity in physics and sociology to define this concept and then to explain the effect of Information Technology (IT) to achieve the fluidity of contemporary architectural space, leading to an analysis of the Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM) architectural model. The research concludes that information technology achieves fluidity through various tools (communication systems, computers, automation, and artificial intelligence). It has changed the characteristics of contemporary architectural space and made it behave like an organism, through using smart material.

The Role of the Endothelium in Premature Atherosclerosis: Molecular Mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1041-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Spartalis ◽  
Eleftherios Spartalis ◽  
Antonios Athanasiou ◽  
Stavroula A. Paschou ◽  
Christos Kontogiannis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Made In

Atherosclerotic disease is still one of the leading causes of mortality. Atherosclerosis is a complex progressive and systematic artery disease that involves the intima of the large and middle artery vessels. The inflammation has a key role in the pathophysiological process of the disease and the infiltration of the intima from monocytes, macrophages and T-lymphocytes combined with endothelial dysfunction and accumulated oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) are the main findings of atherogenesis. The development of atherosclerosis involves multiple genetic and environmental factors. Although a large number of genes, genetic polymorphisms, and susceptible loci have been identified in chromosomal regions associated with atherosclerosis, it is the epigenetic process that regulates the chromosomal organization and genetic expression that plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Despite the positive progress made in understanding the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the knowledge about the disease remains scarce.

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