Overview of COVID-19 and neurological complications

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasrin Hosseini ◽  
Shabnam Nadjafi ◽  
Behnaz Ashtary
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Cranial Nerve ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Abstract The sudden and storming onset of coronavirus 2 infection (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) was associated by severe acute respiratory syndrome. Recently, corona virus disease 19 (COVID-19) has appeared as a pandemic throughout the world. The mutational nature of the virus, along with the different means of entering and spreading throughout the body has involved different organs. Thus, patients are faced with a wide range of symptoms and signs. Neurological symptoms, such as anosmia, agnosia, stroke, paralysis, cranial nerve deficits, encephalopathy, meningitis, delirium and seizures, are reported as common complications affecting the course of the disease and its treatment. In this review, special attention was paid to reports that addressed the acute or chronic neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients who may present acute respiratory syndrome or not. Moreover, we discussed the central (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) complications in SARS-Cov2-infected patients, and also the pathophysiology of neurological abnormalities in COVID-19.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 and the Nervous System: From Clinical Features to Molecular Mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Pennisi ◽  
Giuseppe Lanza ◽  
Luca Falzone ◽  
Francesco Fisicaro ◽  
Raffaele Ferri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Acute Polyneuropathy ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Impact

Increasing evidence suggests that Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can also invade the central nervous system (CNS). However, findings available on its neurological manifestations and their pathogenic mechanisms have not yet been systematically addressed. A literature search on neurological complications reported in patients with COVID-19 until June 2020 produced a total of 23 studies. Overall, these papers report that patients may exhibit a wide range of neurological manifestations, including encephalopathy, encephalitis, seizures, cerebrovascular events, acute polyneuropathy, headache, hypogeusia, and hyposmia, as well as some non-specific symptoms. Whether these features can be an indirect and unspecific consequence of the pulmonary disease or a generalized inflammatory state on the CNS remains to be determined; also, they may rather reflect direct SARS-CoV-2-related neuronal damage. Hematogenous versus transsynaptic propagation, the role of the angiotensin II converting enzyme receptor-2, the spread across the blood-brain barrier, the impact of the hyperimmune response (the so-called “cytokine storm”), and the possibility of virus persistence within some CNS resident cells are still debated. The different levels and severity of neurotropism and neurovirulence in patients with COVID-19 might be explained by a combination of viral and host factors and by their interaction.

scholarly journals CLINICAL MANIFESTATION AND PATHOGENESIS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM INVOLVEMENT IN SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS-2 INFECTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
VALENTINA TJANDRA DEWI ◽  
ANAK AGUNG AYU PUTRI LAKSMIDEWI ◽  
KETUT AYU SUDIARIANI
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The World

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) or CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has spread throughout the world and becomes a global pandemic. Various studies are still ongoing to be able to understand this viral infection in terms of symptomatology, transmission, pathogenesis, its treatment, and prevention. In addition to respiratory symptoms that are commonly reported in SARS-CoV-2 infections, there are many reports of symptoms appearing in other organ systems with one of them being neurological manifestation. The neurological manifestations involve not only the central and peripheral nervous systems but also there was also a suspicion that the potential invasion of SARS-CoV-2 in the nervous system might be able to take part in the occurrence of respiratory failure that is found in patients with COVID-19. The continuity of the study and the awareness of medical personnel from various fields of science must be increased to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic and ensuring optimal treatment for patients.

scholarly journals Spectrum of Neurological Manifestations in COVID-19: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-137
Author(s):  
Firoz Ahmed Quraishi ◽  
Aminur Rahman ◽  
Furial Quraishi Twinkle
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Neurological Manifestation ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Wide Range

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV- 2) is causing a worldwide pandemic of COVID-19 within a short span of time. Although patients with COVID-19 primarily present with fever and respiratory illness; a wide range of symptoms involving different systems have been described. While the neurological sequelae of the virus remain poorly understood, there are a growing number of reports of neurological manifestation of COVID-19.The neurological manifestation including both central and peripheral nervous system are increasingly reported in a very subset of COVID-19 patients. The SARS-CoV-2 enters the body mainly via the ACE- 2 receptors within the respiratory system, which causes the body to initiate an immunologic response against potential damage to non-renewable cells. There’s increasing evidence of accumulating that COVID-19, particularly in severe cases, can have neurological consequences although respiratory symptoms nearly always develop before neurological ones. Patients with pre-existing neurological conditions could also be at elevated risk for COVID-19 associated neurological symptoms. The neurological presentations of COVID-19 patients maybe acute and post-acute state. The acute presentations are classified into specific (such as stroke, encephalitis, acute polyneuropathy, etc.) and nonspecific (such as delirium, headache, dizziness, etc.) symptoms with anatomical involvement of either central nervous system including brain or spinal cord, and/or peripheral nervous system, neuromuscular junctions or muscles. Several neurological symptoms have also been demonstrated in post-acute or long covid-19 syndrome. There is a possibility to overlook or misinterpretation of, neurological symptoms in some COVID-19 patients. In infants and young children, the foremost common CNS phenomena are febrile seizures; in adults, non-focal abnormalities will be either neurological or constitutional. To date, neurological manifestations of COVID-19 are described largely within the disease trajectory, and also the long-term effects of such manifestations still remain unexplored and unfolded. This article is intended to review the possible neuro-invasive routes of SARS-CoV-2 and its mechanisms which initiate the neurological damage with neurological presentations of COVID-19 patients. Bangladesh J Medicine July 2021; 32(2) : 120-137

scholarly journals Dengue Fever and Neurology: Well Beyond Hemorrhage and Strokes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Antônio Machado Schlindwein ◽  
Isabelle Pastor Bandeira ◽  
Letícia Caroline Breis ◽  
Júlia Machado Rickli ◽  
Caio César Demore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Immune Mediated

Dengue virus an arbovirus is endemic in an area that comprise almost half of the world's population, contrary to past beliefs that dengue virus differentiate from other neuroinvasive arbovirus due to its lack of neurological invasion and disease related neurological complications excluding hemorrhagic and thromboembolic , the body of evidence have grown to demonstrate a series of neurological manifestations linked to dengue virus with possible mechanisms involving direct virus invasion of the nervous system or immune mediated complications. In this review we provide a wide approach to this neglect but not so rare manifestations of a very common disease.

scholarly journals Neurological symptoms, manifestations, and complications associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biyan Nathanael Harapan ◽  
Hyeon Joo Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Fisher Syndrome ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus, is responsible for the outbreak of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It is evident that the COVID-19 pandemic has become a challenging world issue. Although most COVID-19 patients primarily develop respiratory symptoms, an increasing number of neurological symptoms and manifestations associated with COVID-19 have been observed. In this narrative review, we elaborate on proposed neurotropic mechanisms and various neurological symptoms, manifestations, and complications of COVID-19 reported in the present literature. For this purpose, a review of all current published literature (studies, case reports, case series, reviews, editorials, and other articles) was conducted and neurological sequelae of COVID-19 were summarized. Essential and common neurological symptoms including gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions, myalgia, headache, altered mental status, confusion, delirium, and dizziness are presented separately in sections. Moreover, neurological manifestations and complications that are of great concern such as stroke, cerebral (sinus) venous thrombosis, seizures, meningoencephalitis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, Miller Fisher syndrome, acute myelitis, and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) are also addressed systematically. Future studies that examine the impact of neurological symptoms and manifestations on the course of the disease are needed to further clarify and assess the link between neurological complications and the clinical outcome of patients with COVID-19. To limit long-term consequences, it is crucial that healthcare professionals can early detect possible neurological symptoms and are well versed in the increasingly common neurological manifestations and complications of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Hyaluronan and the Fascial Frontier

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6845
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Cell Behavior ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Extracellular Microenvironment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The buzz about hyaluronan (HA) is real. Whether found in face cream to increase water volume loss and viscoelasticity or injected into the knee to restore the properties of synovial fluid, the impact of HA can be recognized in many disciplines from dermatology to orthopedics. HA is the most abundant polysaccharide of the extracellular matrix of connective tissues. HA can impact cell behavior in specific ways by binding cellular HA receptors, which can influence signals that facilitate cell survival, proliferation, adhesion, as well as migration. Characteristics of HA, such as its abundance in a variety of tissues and its responsiveness to chemical, mechanical and hormonal modifications, has made HA an attractive molecule for a wide range of applications. Despite being discovered over 80 years ago, its properties within the world of fascia have only recently received attention. Our fascial system penetrates and envelopes all organs, muscles, bones and nerve fibers, providing the body with a functional structure and an environment that enables all bodily systems to operate in an integrated manner. Recognized interactions between cells and their HA-rich extracellular microenvironment support the importance of studying the relationship between HA and the body’s fascial system. From fasciacytes to chronic pain, this review aims to highlight the connections between HA and fascial health.

scholarly journals Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19 patients: An Updated Review and Observations of COVID Patients in the National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 122-132
Author(s):  
Mohammad Enayet Hussain ◽  
Md Azharul Hoque ◽  
Md Badrul Alam ◽  
Md Abdullah Yusuf ◽  
Rajib Nayan Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Early Experience ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Recent Outbreak ◽  
Near Future

Involvement of the nervous system after viral infection is common. Certain viruses show neurotropism. Recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (SARSCov- 2) virus has also exhibited neurotropic properties with various neurological manifestations. The pathophysiology of their neurotropism is not yet clearly known. The details of pathophysiology, clinical manifestation and management are expected to be explored in the near future. Here we review the Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and the early experience in the National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2020; 38(0): 122-132

scholarly journals Research on the Neurobiology of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 03045
Author(s):  
Yilun Tong
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Neurologic Manifestations ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Nervous System ◽  
Different Parts

More studies have shown the neurological manifestations of the novel corona virus (COVID-19) and have inferred the molecular mechanism by which it invades the nervous system. The neurological aspect of the COVID-19 pandemic has been differently interpreted and dealt with in different parts of the world. To review the neurological manifestations and the neurovirulent mechanism by which CoV attacks the human nervous system and to examine different perspectives on this very same topic, the research on PubMed and ScienceDirect is conducted. The mechanisms that CoV enter and attack the nervous system and the subsequent neurologic manifestations have been proposed and now seems quite clear. However, more studies have to be done directly on the effect of COVID-19 on the CNS as well as the PNS.

scholarly journals Neurological manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a narrative review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poliana Rafaela dos Santos Araújo ◽  
Kauan Alves Sousa Madruga ◽  
Bruna Alves Rocha ◽  
Lucas Oliveira Braga
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Cns Involvement ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Critical Patients

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), once identified, soon spread globally, becoming a pandemic. Although patients present mainly with respiratory complaints, several neurological symptoms have been reported. Symptoms range from headache and nonspecific dizziness to seizures and cerebrovascular disease (CVD). It has also been shown that the severity of the infection is directly proportional to the development of neurological symptoms, especially CVD and changes in mental status. Objective: The present study aims to briefly review the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and discuss the pathogenic mechanisms of Central Nervous System (CNS) involvement. Methods: This is an exploratory narrative review with a descriptive approach, consisting of an active search for scientific articles in the PubMed database. The descriptors “coronavirus infections”, “COVID-19” and “Nervous system” were used, with the Boolean operators “OR” and “AND”. Eighteen articles of systematic review and meta-analysis were included. Results: CNS manifestations included, among others: encephalitis, encephalopathy, consciousness decrease, headache, dizziness, acute myelitis, and stroke. As for the peripheral nervous system, skeletal muscle damage, chemosensory dysfunction, and Guillain-Barré syndrome were observed, with hyposmia being the most common symptom. CNS involvement may be related to a worse prognosis. Conclusion: The clinical involvement of the nervous system in COVID-19 is not uncommon, and can result in several neurological complications, especially in the most critical patients. The pathophysiological mechanisms of these events still need further investigation. In the meantime, physicians should value extra-respiratory symptoms ranging from hyposmia, to potentially fatal manifestations, such as stroke and encephalopathy.

scholarly journals The Myocardial and Neuronal Infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 and Detrimental Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Herbert ◽  
Dominique Fournier ◽  
Waleed A. Al-Shaqha ◽  
Mohamed Chahine
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Insufficient Data ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Neuronal Functions

The epidemiological outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), alias COVID-19, began in Wuhan, Hubei, China, in late December and eventually turned into a pandemic that has led to 3.71+ million deaths and 173+ million infected cases worldwide. In addition to respiratory manifestations, COVID-19 patients with neurological and myocardial dysfunctions exhibit a higher risk of in-hospital mortality. The immune function tends to be affected by cardiovascular risk factors and is thus indirectly related to the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Many neurological symptoms and manifestations have been reported in COVID-19 patients. However, detailed descriptions of the prevalence and characteristic features of these symptoms are restricted due to insufficient data. It is thus advisable for clinicians to be vigilant for both cardiovascular and neurological manifestations in order to detect them at an early stage to avoid inappropriate management of COVID-19 and to address the manifestations adequately. Patients with severe COVID-19 are notably more susceptible to developing cardiovascular and neurological complications than non-severe COVID-19 patients. This review focuses on the consequential outcomes of COVID-19 on cardiovascular and neuronal functions, including other influencing factors.

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